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34. Carsharing : user behaviour, system management and pricing under uncertainty

Author

Wu, Chenyang, Sivakumar, Aruna, and Le Vine, Scott

Subjects
388.4
Abstract

Free-floating carsharing systems (FFCS) are characterised by the volatile spatial-temporal distribution of fleet and user demand, as well as users’ heterogenous price sensitivity and spatial-temporal flexibility. Hence, it is possible to apply dynamic pricing-based revenue management in a FFCS system. By dynamically updating prices on different origin-destination pairs according to the realtime fleet and user demand distribution, operators can redistribute user demand as well as increase their own revenue. In addition to dynamic pricing, advance reservation also has the potential to reduce the volatility of FFCS system and make the carsharing service more profitable. By having advance reservation, the operator has better knowledge of future user demand and can prepare in advance for possible demand peaks. This increase in service reliability can better serve the current FFCS user and attract potential new FFCS users. These two approaches have been investigated by some of the literature in the carsharing research, especially dynamic pricing. The success of both approaches requires the participation of users, however, and we are still unclear about users’ preferences in respect to the two approaches. Without a clear understanding of user behaviour, it is too early to assume that the two approaches can help the operator in revenue management. Dynamic pricing, especially, adds an additional dimension of uncertainty to the volatile free-floating carsharing system, which may raise users’ aversion and not help the operator increase the revenue. This thesis contributes to the wider literature by bridging user behaviour modelling and carsharing system operational management. We estimate users’ preference for/against dynamic pricing and advance reservation, and develop a decision support tool that helps the carsharing operator to maximise revenue while taking user behaviour into consideration. We design a stated choice (SC) survey to collect carsharing users’ responses to two interacting dimensions of uncertainties. For choice-behaviour under multiple dimensions of uncertainty, we propose two levels of transformation (attribute- and utility-level transformation). We estimate carsharing user behaviour under uncertainty through a discrete choice model (DCM). The modelling results demonstrate that our SC survey design approach can successfully capture carsharing user behaviour under two interactive dimensions of uncertainty. The modelling results from the two levels of transformation are consistent with each other, and help the carsharing operator understand the user behaviour from different angles. This demonstrates the importance of considering both levels of transformation in risky-choice behaviour modelling with more than one dimension of uncertainty. We also provide a choice-based optimisation framework that considers users’ risky-choice behaviour. Choice behaviour as predicted by the risky-choice models and estimated from the SC survey data feeds into the choice-based optimisation model. We demonstrate the importance of having a correct understanding of users’ risk preference in dynamic pricing-based revenue management by a numerical analysis. The choice-based optimisation framework can serve as a decision support tool for carsharing operators to generate more revenue and better serve the users.

Published
2020
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49. TAF1 is needed for the proliferation and maturation of thyroid follicle cells via Notch signaling.

Author

Zhang, Caoxu, Yang, Liu, Zhang, Haiyang, Wu, Fengyao, Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Kaiwen, Wu, Chenyang, Li, Rui, Dong, Mei, Zhao, Shuangxia, and Song, Huaidong

Subjects
NOTCH genes, THYROID gland, GENETIC testing, CONGENITAL hypothyroidism, MOLECULAR cloning, PROMOTERS (Genetics)
Abstract

Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is the common pathogenic mechanism of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In addition, known pathogenic genes are limited to those that are directly involved in thyroid development. To identify additional candidate pathogenetic genes, we performed forward genetic screening for TD in zebrafish, followed by positional cloning. The candidate gene was confirmed in vitro using the Nthy-ori 3.1 cell line and in vivo using a zebrafish model organism. We obtained a novel zebrafish line with thyroid dysgenesis and identified the candidate pathogenetic mutation TATA-box binding protein associated Factor 1 (taf1) by positional cloning. Further molecular studies revealed that taf1 was needed for the proliferation of thyroid follicular cells by binding to the NOTCH1 promoter region. Knockdown of TAF1 impaired the proliferation and maturation of thyroid cells, thereby leading to thyroid dysplasia. This study showed that TAF1 promoted Notch signaling and that this association played a pivotal role in thyroid development. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: In our study, we obtained a novel zebrafish line with thyroid dysgenesis (TD) and identified the candidate pathogenetic mutation TATA-box binding protein associated Factor 1 (taf1). Further researches revealed that taf1 was required for thyroid follicular cells by binding to the NOTCH1 promoter region. Our findings revealed a novel role of TAF1 in thyroid morphogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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