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11. Effect of bedding application and air change rates on environmental ammonia concentrations for intensively housed beef cattle.

Author

Hanafi, I. N., Tait, L. A., Cowley, F. C., Morton, J. M., Creevey, S., and Wilkes, J.

Abstract

Context: Manure deposition during livestock export voyages contributes to air ammonia levels, potentially affecting human and animal health if not managed. Mitigation strategies may include increased air change rates and application of bedding. Aim: This study examined the effect of bedding application rate (BAR) and air change rate (ACH) on air ammonia (NH3) concentrations and pad properties, including pad surface condition, pH, moisture, and pad ammonium (NH4+) concentrations, for intensively housed beef cattle. Methods: Six 7-day runs were conducted with 72 Bos indicus cross steers (mean liveweight ± s.d. = 338 ± 32 kg) housed in respiration chambers by using a 3 × 3 factorial design. The BARs were set to 0%, 50%, and 100% of the Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (ASEL), and ACH were varied at 20, 35, and 52. Air NH3 was measured twice daily at three heights. Pad surface condition was collected with the first air NH3 measurement. Video footage captured standing and lying behaviours for each steer. Pad samples were collected on the final day for pad chemical analysis. Key results: The ACH of 20 changes per hour resulted in higher air NH3 concentration than ACH of 35 and 52. Higher BAR led to lower pad pH and moisture, with slightly lower pad NH4+ concentration in 100% and 50% BAR than 0% BAR. Although air NH3 concentration on Day 7 was positively correlated with pad NH4+ concentration, BAR had no marked effect on air NH3 concentration (within the temperature range of this experiment). Drier and firmer pad surfaces were associated with each high BAR and high ACH. Moreover, high BAR increased the frequency of lying behaviour in steers. Conclusions: These findings indicated that NH3 can be mitigated by optimising air changes to minimise air NH3 concentration and utilising bedding to minimise pad NH4+. This offers practical solutions for intensively housed beef cattle, such as livestock export voyages to improve human and animal welfare onboard. Implications: The study results emphasised the importance of optimising ACH to maintain low air NH3 concentrations in livestock export conditions. Although there was no evidence that BAR affects air NH3 directly, it reduced pad NH4+ and improved pad conditions for overall animal comfort and environmental quality in confined housing with sufficient air changes. Manure deposition on livestock export voyages contributes to air ammonia (NH3), impacting human and animal health. This study examined how bedding application rate (BAR) and air change rate (ACH) affect air NH3 and pad NH4+ levels in housed beef cattle. Higher BAR improved pad conditions by reducing pH, moisture, and NH4+, while increased ACH lowered air NH3. Optimising air changes and bedding use can effectively mitigate NH3, offering practical solutions to enhance human and animal welfare during livestock transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Foundations of an Age-Differentiated Adaptation of the Human-Computer Interface

Author

Schneider, N., Schreiber, S., Wilkes, J., Grandt, M., and Schlick, C. M.

Abstract

An important issue of the demographic change in the German population is the maintenance and promotion of the employability of aging workforces. However, there are hardly any suitable concepts or usable tools available to realize this goal. Possible approaches should push the individual strengths of the aging workers to the foreground and intercept the possible physical and cognitive losses in ability that occur with an increase in age. The computer thus plays an important role due to a continuous increase in mechanization. An age-based, individual adaptive user interface shall be developed to support the elderly in working with the computer. Basics for such an interface will be presented in this paper. First connections between user characteristics and adaptation dimensions were analyzed in a study with 90 subjects ranging from 20 to 73 years of age and will be presented in this article. Results indicate a significant influence of graphical layout on memorization as well as interpretation performance. (Contains 4 figures.)

Published
2008
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26. FOREWORD

Author

WILKES, J. J.

Published
2003

41. Reaction Time Task Performance in Concussed Athletes over a 30-Day Period: An Observational Study.

Author

Wilkes, J R, Kelly, J T, Walter, A E, and Slobounov, S M

Subjects
*TASK performance, *ATHLETES, *SCIENTIFIC observation, *AUTOMATIC timers, *BRAIN concussion
Abstract

Objective Reaction time is a common deficit following concussion, making its evaluation critical during return-to-play protocol. Without proper evaluation, an athlete may return-to-play prematurely, putting them at risk of further injury. Although often assessed, we propose that current clinical testing may not be challenging enough to detect lingering deficits. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine reaction time in concussed individuals three times over a 30-day period through the use of a novel reaction time device consisting of simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tasks. Methods Twenty-three concussed subjects completed simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tests at three different timepoints: within 7-, 14-, and 30-days of injury, and 21 healthy controls completed the three reaction time tasks during a single session. Results Independent t-tests revealed that for the simple reaction time task, concussed participants were only significantly slower at session 1 (p  = .002) when compared to controls. Complex reaction time task results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower at session 1 (p  = .0002), session 2 (p  = .001), and session 3 (p  = .002). Go/no-go results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower than controls at session 1 (p  = .003), session 2 (p  = .001), and session 3 (p  = .001). Conclusions Concussed individuals display prolonged reaction time deficits beyond the acute phase of injury, illustrated using increasingly complex tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Studies in the Roman province of Dalmatia

Author

Wilkes, J. J.

Subjects
939
Abstract

This study was undertaken while the author held a Ministry of Education State Studentship at the Department of Archaeology in Durham and, since October 1961, a Research Fellowship in the University of Birmingham. I would like to record my debt of gratitude to my supervisor Professor Eric Birley and Dr. J.C Mann of the Department of Archaeology in Durham. In the Spring and early Summer of 1960 I spent some time travelling in Yugoslavia, and here I would like to thank some of the many people who helped me to carry out my research. In particular I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Grga Novak, President of the Yugoslav Academy of Arts and Sciences in Zagreb; Professor D. Rendic-Miocevic and Mr. M. Zaninovic of the University of Zagreb; Dr. Esad Pasalio of the University of Sarajevo; Dr. Dimitri Sergejevski and Miss Irma Crremosnik of the Museum in Sarajevo; Dr. B. Gabricevic and Dr. N. Nikolanc of the Archaeological Museum in Split; Dr. M. Suic of the Museum and Historical Faculty in Zadar. Without the generous co-operation of many of the above it would have proved impossible for me to have visited many of the key sites in Dalmatia which lie far away from public transport routes. On this point especially, I would like to thank the Secretaries of the Communes of Zadar and Sinj for placing vehicles at my disposal. For assistance in the preparation of this thesis I would like to acknowledge the help of Mr. C.D.N. Costa and Dr. J.D. Eshelby of the University of Birmingham, and Miss Christine Pittarn of the University Library in Birmingham for undertaking the typing. The absence of a map calls for explanation. For points of topography only detailed maps of the largest scale would be of any value. However, all the places referred to are recorded on Kiepert’s map in CIL III (suppl ii taf. VI), and in the very few instances where this is not the case more precise details of location with regard to neighbouring centres are given.

Published
1962

44. Terahertz emitters based on microcavity dipolaritons

Author

Seedhouse, A., Wilkes, J., Kulakovskii, V. D., and Muljarov, E. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect
Abstract

We propose the use of dipolaritons -- quantum well excitons with large dipole moment, coupled to a planar microcavity -- for generating terahertz (THz) radiation. This is achieved by exciting the system with two THz detuned lasers that leads to dipole moment oscillations of the exciton polariton at the detuning frequency, thus generating a THz emission. We have optimized the structural parameters of a system with microcavity embedded AlGaAs double quantum wells and shown that the THz emission intensity is maximized if the laser frequencies both match different dipolariton states. The influence of the electronic tunnel coupling between the wells on the frequency and intensity of the THz radiation is also investigated, demonstrating a trade-off between the polariton dipole moment and the Rabi splitting., 4 pages, 4 figures. This article has been submitted to Applied Physics Letters

Published
2019

45. Determination of the gluon distribution function of the nucleon using energy-energy angular pattern in deep-inelastic muon-deuteron scattering

Author

Adams, M. R., Aïd, S., Anthony, P. L., Baker, M. D., Bartlett, J., Bhatti, A. A., Braun, H. M., Busza, W., Carroll, T. J., Conrad, J. M., Coutrakon, G., Davisson, R., Derado, I., Dhawan, S. K., Dougherty, W., Dreyer, T., Dziunikowska, K., Eckardt, V., Ecker, U., Erdmann, M., Eskreys, A., Figiel, J., Gebauer, H. J., Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Green, M. C., Haas, J., Halliwell, C., Hanlon, J., Hantke, D., Hughes, V. W., Jackson, H. E., Jancso, G., Jansen, D. M., Kaufman, S., Kennedy, R. D., Kirk, T., Kobrak, H. G. E., Krzywdzinski, S., Kunori, S., Lord, J. J., Lubatti, H. J., McLeod, D., Magill, S., Malecki, P., Manz, A., Melanson, H., Michael, D. G., Mohr, W., Montgomery, H. E., Morfin, J. G., Nickerson, R. B., O’Day, S., Olkiewicz, K., Osborne, L., Papavassiliou, V., Pawlik, B., Pipkin, F. M., Ramberg, E. J., Röser, A., Ryan, J. J., Salgado, C. W., Salvarani, A., Schellman, H., Schmitt, M., Schmitz, N., Schüler, K. P., Seyerlein, H. J., Skuja, A., Snow, G. A., Söldner-Rembold, S., Steinberg, P. H., Stier, H. E., Stopa, P., Swanson, R. A., Talaga, R., Tentindo-Repond, S., Trost, H. J., Venkataramania, H., Wilhelm, M., Wilkes, J., Wilson, Richard, Wittek, W., Wolbers, S. A., Zhao, T., and E665 Collaboration

Published
1996
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46. Nuclear shadowing, diffractive scattering and low momentum protons in μXe interactions at 490 GeV

Author

Adams, M. R., Aderholz, M., Aïd, S., Anthony, P. L., Baker, M. D., Bartlett, J., Bhatti, A. A., Braun, H. M., Busza, W., Carroll, T. J., Conrad, J. M., Coutrakon, G., Davisson, R., Derado, I., Dhawan, S. K., Dougherty, W., Dreyer, T., Dziunikowska, K., Eckardt, V., Ecker, U., Erdmann, M., Eskreys, A., Figiel, J., Gebauer, H. J., Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Green, M. C., Haas, J., Halliwell, C., Hanlon, J., Hantke, D., Hughes, V. W., Jackson, H. E., Jaffe, D. E., Jancso, G., Jansen, D. M., Kadija, K., Kaufman, S., Kennedy, R. D., Kirk, T., Kobrak, H. G. E., Krzywdzinski, S., Kunori, S., Lord, J. J., Lubatti, H. J., McLeod, D., Magill, S., Malecki, P., Manz, A., Melanson, H., Michael, D. G., Mohr, W., Montgomery, H. E., Morfin, J. G., Nickerson, R. B., O'Day, S., Olkiewicz, K., Osborne, L., Papavassiliou, V., Pawlik, B., Pipkin, F. M., Ramberg, E. J., Röser, A., Ryan, J. J., Salgado, C. W., Salvarani, A., Schellman, H., Schmitt, M., Schmitz, N., Schüler, K. P., Seyerlein, H. J., Skuja, A., Snow, G. A., Söldner-Rembold, S., Steinberg, P. H., Stier, H. E., Stopa, P., Swanson, R. A., Talaga, R., Tentindo-Repond, S., Trost, H. -J., Venkataramania, H., Wilhelm, M., Wilkes, J., Wilson, Richard, Wittek, W., Wolbers, S. A., Zhao, T., and E665 Collaboration

Published
1995
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48. Production of neutral strange particles in muon-nucleon scattering at 490 GeV

Author

Adams, M. R., Aderholz, M., Aïd, S., Anthony, P. L., Baker, M. D., Bartlett, J., Bhatti, A. A., Braun, H. M., Busza, W., Conrad, J. M., Coutrakon, G., Davisson, R., Derado, I., Dhawan, S. K., Dougherty, W., Dreyer, T., Dziunikowska, K., Eckardt, V., Ecker, U., Erdmann, M., Eskreys, A., Figiel, J., Gebauer, H. J., Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Green, M. C., Haas, J., Halliwell, C., Hanlon, J., Hantke, D., Hughes, V. W., Jackson, H. E., Jaffe, D. E., Jancso, G., Jansen, D. M., Kadija, K., Kaufman, S., Kennedy, R. D., Kirk, T., Kobrak, H. G. E., Krzywdzinski, S., Kunori, S., Lord, J. J., Lubatti, H. J., McLeod, D., Magill, S., Malecki, P., Manz, A., Melanson, H., Michael, D. G., Mohr, W., Montgomery, H. E., Morfin, J. G., Nickerson, R. B., O'Day, S., Olkiewicz, K., Osborne, L., Papavassiliou, V., Pawlik, B., Pipkin, F. M., Ramberg, E. J., Röser, A., Ryan, J. J., Salgado, C. W., Salvarani, A., Schellman, H., Schmitt, M., Schmitz, N., Schüler, K. P., Seyerlein, H. J., Skuja, A., Snow, G. A., Söldner-Rembold, S., Steinberg, P. H., Stier, H. E., Stopa, P., Swanson, R. A., Talaga, R., Tentindo-Repond, S., Trost, H. J., Venkataramania, H., Wilhelm, M., Wilkes, J., Wilson, R., Wittek, W., Wolbers, S. A., Zhao, T., and Fermilab E665 Collaboration

Published
1994
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49. Production of charged hadrons by positive muons on deuterium and xenon at 490 GeV

Author

Adams, M. R., Aderholz, M., Aïd, S., Anthony, P. L., Baker, M. D., Bartlett, J., Bhatti, A. A., Braun, H. M., Busza, W., Caroll, T. J., Conrad, J. M., Coutrakon, G., Davisson, R., Derado, I., Dhawan, S. K., Dougherty, W., Dreyer, T., Dziunikowska, K., Eckardt, V., Ecker, U., Erdmann, M., Eskreys, A., Figiel, J., Gebauer, H. J., Geesaman, D. F., Gilman, R., Green, M. C., Haas, J., Halliwell, C., Hanlon, J., Hantke, D., Hughes, V. W., Jackson, H. E., Jaffe, D. E., Jancso, G., Jansen, D. M., Kaufman, S., Kennedy, R. D., Kirk, T., Kobrak, H. G. E., Krzywdzinski, S., Kunori, S., Lord, J. J., Lubatti, H. J., McLeod, D., Magill, S., Malecki, P., Manz, A., Melanson, H., Michael, D. G., Mohr, W., Montgomery, H. E., Morfin, J. G., Nickerson, R. B., O'Day, S., Olkiewicz, K., Osborne, L., Papavassiliou, V., Pawlik, B., Pipkin, F. M., Ramberg, E. J., Röser, A., Ryan, J. J., Salgado, C. W., Salvarani, A., Schellman, H., Schmitt, M., Schmitz, N., Schüler, K. P., Seyerlein, H. J., Skuja, A., Snow, G. A., Söldner-Rembold, S., Steinberg, P. H., Stier, H. E., Stopa, P., Swanson, R. A., Talaga, R., Tentindo-Repond, S., Trost, H. -J., Venkataramania, H., Wilhelm, M., Wilkes, J., Wilson, R., Wittek, W., Wolbers, S. A., Zhao, T., and E665 Collaboration

Published
1994
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