19 results on '"Wilhelmi, Vanessa"'
Search Results
2. Human Cytomegalovirus Reduces Endothelin-1 Expression in Both Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
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Yaiw, Koon-Chu, Mohammad, Abdul-Aleem, Taher, Chato, Cui, Huanhuan Leah, Costa, Helena, Kostopoulou, Ourania N., Jung, Masany, Assinger, Alice, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Yang, Jiangning, Strååt, Klas, Rahbar, Afsar, Pernow, John, and Söderberg-Nauclér, Cecilia
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human cytomegalovirus ,QH301-705.5 ,viruses ,endothelin-1 ,immediate-early ,Biology (General) ,Article ,endothelial cells ,smooth muscle cells - Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is overexpressed and strongly associated with many vasculopathies. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether HCMV could affect ET-1 production. As such, both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, two primary cell types involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, were infected with HCMV in vitro and ET-1 mRNA and proteins were assessed by quantitative PCR assay, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. HCMV infection significantly decreased ET-1 mRNA and secreted bioactive ET-1 levels from both cell types and promoted accumulation of the ET-1 precursor protein in infected endothelial cells. This was associated with inhibition of expression of the endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which cleaves the ET-1 precursor protein to mature ET-1. Ganciclovir treatment did not prevent the virus suppressive effects on ET-1 expression. Consistent with this observation we identified that the IE2-p86 protein predominantly modulated ET-1 expression. Whether the pronounced effects of HCMV in reducing ET-1 expression in vitro may lead to consequences for regulation of the vascular tone in vivo remains to be proven.
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- 2021
3. Antigen presentation under the influence of ‘immune evasion’ proteins and its modulation by interferon-gamma: implications for immunotherapy of cytomegalovirus infection with antiviral CD8 T cells
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Fink, Annette, Lemmermann, Niels A. W., Gillert-Marien, Dorothea, Thomas, Doris, Freitag, Kirsten, Böhm, Verena, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Reifenberg, Kurt, Reddehase, Matthias J., and Holtappels, Rafaela
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- 2012
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4. Murine cytomegalovirus immune evasion proteins operative in the MHC class I pathway of antigen processing and presentation: state of knowledge, revisions, and questions
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Lemmermann, Niels A. W., Fink, Annette, Podlech, Jürgen, Ebert, Stefan, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Böhm, Verena, Holtappels, Rafaela, and Reddehase, Matthias J.
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- 2012
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5. Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins promote degradation of connexin 43 and disrupt gap junction communication: implications for a role in gliomagenesis
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Khan, Zahidul, Yaiw, Koon-Chu, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Lam, Hoyin, Rahbar, Afsar, Stragliotto, Giuseppe, and Söderberg-Nauclér, Cecilia
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- 2014
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6. Frequent detection of human cytomegalovirus in neuroblastoma: A novel therapeutic target?
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Wolmer-Solberg, Nina, Baryawno, Ninib, Rahbar, Afsar, Fuchs, Dieter, Odeberg, Jenny, Taher, Chato, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Milosevic, Jelena, Mohammad, Abdul-Aleem, Martinsson, Tommy, Sveinbjörnsson, Baldur, Johnsen, John Inge, Kogner, Per, and Söderberg-Nauclér, Cecilia
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- 2013
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7. Ablation of the Regulatory IE1 Protein of Murine Cytomegalovirus Alters In Vivo Pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha Production during Acute Infection
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Britt, William J., Rodríguez-Martín, Sara, Kropp, Kai Alexander, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Lisnic, Vanda Juranic, Hsieh, Wei Yuan, Blanc, Mathieu, Livingston, Andrew, Busche, Andreas, Tekotte, Hille, Messerle, Martin, Auer, Manfred, Fraser, Iain, Jonjic, Stipan, Angulo, Ana, Reddehase, Matthias J., Ghazal, Peter, and Universitat de Barcelona
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Male ,Cytomegalovirus Infection ,Muromegalovirus ,Viral Diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,viruses ,TNF TNF-alpha murine cytomegalovirus MCMV IE ,Virus Replication ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene expression ,Biology (General) ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Physics ,virus diseases ,Herpesviridae Infections ,Transfection ,3. Good health ,Genètica microbiana ,Interleukin 10 ,Phenotype ,Infectious Diseases ,Cytokine ,Liver ,Cytokines ,Medicine ,Female ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Temeljne medicinske znanosti ,Microbial genetics ,Signal Transduction ,Research Article ,DNA Replication ,Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,QH301-705.5 ,Immunology ,Population ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Immediate-Early Proteins ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,In vivo ,Virology ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Macrophages ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Basic Medical Sciences ,Física ,RC581-607 ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Viral replication ,DNA, Viral ,Parasitology ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Little is known about the role of viral genes in modulating host cytokine responses. Here we report a new functional role of the viral encoded IE1 protein of the murine cytomegalovirus in sculpting the inflammatory response in an acute infection. In time course experiments of infected primary macrophages (MΦs) measuring cytokine production levels, genetic ablation of the immediate-early 1 (ie1) gene results in a significant increase in TNFα production. Intracellular staining for cytokine production and viral early gene expression shows that TNFα production is highly associated with the productively infected MΦ population of cells. The ie1- dependent phenotype of enhanced MΦ TNFα production occurs at both protein and RNA levels. Noticeably, we show in a series of in vivo infection experiments that in multiple organs the presence of ie1 potently inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. From these experiments, levels of TNFα, and to a lesser extent IFNβ, but not the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, are moderated in the presence of ie1. The ie1- mediated inhibition of TNFα production has a similar quantitative phenotype profile in infection of susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (C57BL/6) mouse strains as well as in a severe immuno-ablative model of infection. In vitro experiments with infected macrophages reveal that deletion of ie1 results in increased sensitivity of viral replication to TNFα inhibition. However, in vivo infection studies show that genetic ablation of TNFα or TNFRp55 receptor is not sufficient to rescue the restricted replication phenotype of the ie1 mutant virus. These results provide, for the first time, evidence for a role of IE1 as a regulator of the pro-inflammatory response and demonstrate a specific pathogen gene capable of moderating the host production of TNFα in vivo., Author Summary The suppression of the production rather than the blockage of action of the potent inflammatory mediator TNFα is a particular hallmark of anti-TNFα mechanisms associated with microbial and parasitic infections. Whether this mode of counter-regulation is an important feature of infection by viruses is not clear. Also, it remains to be determined whether a specific pathogen gene in the context of an infection in vivo is capable of modulating levels of TNFα production. In this study we disclose a virus-mediated moderation of TNFα production, dependent on the ie1 gene of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). The ie1 gene product IE1 is a well-characterized nuclear protein capable of altering levels of host and viral gene expression although its biological role in the context of a natural infection is to date unknown. We provide evidence showing that ie1 is associated with a moderated pro-inflammatory cytokine response, in particular with TNFα production. Further, we show that the viral moderation of this cytokine is not only readily apparent in vitro but also in the natural host. The identification of a viral gene responsible for this mode of regulation in vivo may have therapeutic potential in the future in both anti-viral and anti-inflammatory strategies.
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- 2012
8. An interferon regulatory factor element controls the major immune modulator of murine cytomegalovirus
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Wilhelmi, Vanessa
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570 Biowissenschaften ,570 Life sciences - Published
- 2012
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9. Human Cytomegalovirus Up-Regulates Endothelin Receptor Type B: Implication for Vasculopathies?
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Koon-Chu Yaiw, Mohammad, Abdul-Aleem, Costa, Helena, Taher, Chato, Badrnya, Sigrun, Assinger, Alice, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Ananthaseshan, Sharan, Estekizadeh, Atosa, Davoudi, Belghis, Ovchinnikova, Olga, Shlyakhto, Eugene, Rafnsson, Arnar, Khan, Zahidul, Butler, Lynn, Rahbar, Afsar, Pernow, John, and Söderberg-Nauclér, Cecilia
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases ,ENDOTHELIN receptors ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Background. Both endothelin receptor type B ([ET
B R], a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates the vascular effects of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1) and human cytomegalovirus ([HCMV], a ubiquitous herpesvirus) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The effects of HCMV infection on ETB R expression are unknown. We hypothesized that HCMV may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD via ETB R modulation. Methods. Human CMV effects on ETB R were studied in vitro in endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ex vivo in human carotid plaque tissue specimens. Expression of ETB R and viral immediate-early were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functional consequences after ETB R blockade in ECs were examined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide proliferation, wound healing, tube formation, and flow adhesion assays. Results. Human CMV is capable of upregulating both ETB R mRNA and protein expression in ECs and SMCs. The ETB R was also abundantly expressed in ECs, foam cells, and SMCs, and, more importantly, in HCMV-positive cells in human carotid plaques. Endothelin receptor type B blockade led to decreased proliferation and reduced tumor necrosis factor α-mediated leukocyte recruitment in both uninfected and HCMV-infected ECs. Direct HCMV infection was antimigratory and antiangiogenic in ECs. Conclusions. Human CMV may contribute to CVD via ETB R induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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10. High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from Russian patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
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Yaiw, Koon-Chu, Ovchinnikova, Olga, Taher, Chato, Mohammad, Abdul-Aleem, Davoudi, Belghis, Shlyakhto, Eugene, Rotar, Oxana, Konrady, Alexandra, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Rahbar, Afsar, Butler, Lynn, and Assinger, Alice
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HUMAN cytomegalovirus ,CAROTID artery ,ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaque ,ENDARTERECTOMY ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the role of this virus in CVD progression remains unclear. We aimed to examine the HCMV serostatus in Russian patients (n = 90) who had undergone carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and controls (n = 82) as well as to determine the prevalence of HCMV immediate early (IE) and late (LA) antigens in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from 89 patients. In addition, we sought to determine whether HCMV infection was associated with inflammatory activity in the plaque by quantifying infiltrating CD3 and CD68 positive cells and 5-LO immunoreactivity. Methods HCMV serology was assessed with ELISA and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect HCMV antigens, CD3, CD68 and 5-LO reactivity. The Fisher's exact test was used to compare i) seroprevalence of HCMV IgG between patients and controls and ii) HCMV-positive or -negative to that of CD3, CD68 and 5-LO immunoreactive cells in plaque samples. The student-t test was performed to connote the significance level of mean optical density between patients and controls. Results The seroprevalence for HCMV IgG was high in both patients and controls (99% and 98%, respectively). Controls had significantly higher IgG titers for HCMV compared with patients (p = 0.0148). Strikingly, we found a high prevalence of HCMV antigens in atherosclerotic plaques; 57/89 (64%) and 47/87 (54%) were HCMV IE and LA positive, respectively. Most plaques had rather low HCMV reactivity with distinct areas of HCMV-positive cells mainly detected in shoulder regions of the plaques, but also in the area adjacent to the necrotic core and fibrous cap. In plaques, the cellular targets for HCMV infection appeared to be mainly macrophages/foam cells and smooth muscle cells. HCMV-positive plaques trended to be associated with increased numbers of CD68 positive macrophages and CD3 positive T cells, while 5-LO reactivity was high in both HCMV-positive and HCMV-negative plaques. Conclusions In Russian patients undergoing CEA, HCMV proteins are abundantly expressed in carotid plaques and may contribute to the inflammatory response in plaques via enhanced infiltration of CD68 and CD3 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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11. High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from Russian patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.
- Author
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Koon-Chu Yaiw, Ovchinnikova, Olga, Taher, Chato, Mohammad, Abdul-Aleem, Davoudi, Belghis, Shlyakhto, Eugene, Rotar, Oxana, Konradi, Alexandra, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Rahbar, Afsar, Butler, Lynn, Assinger, Alice, and Söderberg-Nauclér, Cecilia
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES ,ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaque ,CAROTID artery surgery - Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the role of this virus in CVD progression remains unclear. We aimed to examine the HCMV serostatus in Russian patients (n = 90) who had undergone carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and controls (n = 82) as well as to determine the prevalence of HCMV immediate early (IE) and late (LA) antigens in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from 89 patients. In addition, we sought to determine whether HCMV infection was associated with inflammatory activity in the plaque by quantifying infiltrating CD3 and CD68 positive cells and 5-LO immunoreactivity. Methods: HCMV serology was assessed with ELISA and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect HCMV antigens, CD3, CD68 and 5-LO reactivity. The Fisher's exact test was used to compare i) seroprevalence of HCMV IgG between patients and controls and ii) HCMV-positive or -negative to that of CD3, CD68 and 5-LO immunoreactive cells in plaque samples. The student-t test was performed to connote the significance level of mean optical density between patients and controls. Results: The seroprevalence for HCMV IgG was high in both patients and controls (99% and 98%, respectively). Controls had significantly higher IgG titers for HCMV compared with patients (p = 0.0148). Strikingly, we found a high prevalence of HCMV antigens in atherosclerotic plaques; 57/89 (64%) and 47/87 (54%) were HCMV IE and LA positive, respectively. Most plaques had rather low HCMV reactivity with distinct areas of HCMV-positive cells mainly detected in shoulder regions of the plaques, but also in the area adjacent to the necrotic core and fibrous cap. In plaques, the cellular targets for HCMV infection appeared to be mainly macrophages/foam cells and smooth muscle cells. HCMV-positive plaques trended to be associated with increased numbers of CD68 positive macrophages and CD3 positive T cells, while 5-LO reactivity was high in both HCMV-positive and HCMV-negative plaques. Conclusions: In Russian patients undergoing CEA, HCMV proteins are abundantly expressed in carotid plaques and may contribute to the inflammatory response in plaques via enhanced infiltration of CD68 and CD3 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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12. Ablation of the Regulatory IE1 Protein of Murine Cytomegalovirus Alters In Vivo Pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha Production during Acute Infection.
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Rodríguez-Martín, Sara, Kropp, Kai Alexander, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Lisnic, Vanda Juranic, Wei Yuan Hsieh, Blanc, Mathieu, Livingston, Andrew, Busche, Andreas, Tekotte, Hille, Messerle, Martin, Auer, Manfred, Fraser, Iain, Jonjic, Stipan, Angulo, Ana, Reddehase, Matthias J., and Ghazal, Peter
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases ,CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES ,TUMOR necrosis factors ,VIRAL genes ,CYTOKINES - Abstract
Little is known about the role of viral genes in modulating host cytokine responses. Here we report a new functional role of the viral encoded IE1 protein of the murine cytomegalovirus in sculpting the inflammatory response in an acute infection. In time course experiments of infected primary macrophages (MΦs) measuring cytokine production levels, genetic ablation of the immediate-early 1 (ie1) gene results in a significant increase in TNFα production. Intracellular staining for cytokine production and viral early gene expression shows that TNFα production is highly associated with the productively infected MW population of cells. The ie1- dependent phenotype of enhanced MW TNFα production occurs at both protein and RNA levels. Noticeably, we show in a series of in vivo infection experiments that in multiple organs the presence of ie1 potently inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. From these experiments, levels of TNFα, and to a lesser extent IFNβ, but not the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, are moderated in the presence of ie1. The ie1- mediated inhibition of TNFα production has a similar quantitative phenotype profile in infection of susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (C57BL/6) mouse strains as well as in a severe immuno-ablative model of infection. In vitro experiments with infected macrophages reveal that deletion of ie1 results in increased sensitivity of viral replication to TNFα inhibition. However, in vivo infection studies show that genetic ablation of TNFα or TNFRp55 receptor is not sufficient to rescue the restricted replication phenotype of the ie1 mutant virus. These results provide, for the first time, evidence for a role of IE1 as a regulator of the pro-inflammatory response and demonstrate a specific pathogen gene capable of moderating the host production of TNFα in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Transactivation of Cellular Genes Involved in Nucleotide Metabolism by the Regulatory IE1 Protein of Murine Cytomegalovirus Is Not Critical for Viral Replicative Fitness in Quiescent Cells and Host Tissues.
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Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Simon, Christian O., Podlech, Jürgen, Böhm, Verena, Däubner, Torsten, Emde, Simone, Strand, Dennis, Renzaho, Angélique, Lemmermann, Niels A. W., Seckert, Christof K., Reddehase, Matthias J., and Grzimek, Natascha K. A.
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- *
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases , *CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES , *VIRAL replication , *GENETIC transformation , *DNA synthesis - Abstract
Despite its high coding capacity, murine CMV (mCMV) does not encode functional enzymes for nucleotide biosynthesis. It thus depends on cellular enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and thymidylate synthase (TS), to be supplied with deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) for its DNA replication. Viral transactivation of these cellular genes in quiescent cells of host tissues is therefore a parameter of viral fitness relevant to pathogenicity. Previous work has shown that the IE1, but not the IE3, protein of mCMV transactivates RNR and TS gene promoters and has revealed an in vivo attenuation of the mutant virus mCMV-ΔIE1. It was attractive to propose the hypothesis that lack of transactivation by IE1 and a resulting deficiency in the supply of dNTPs are the reasons for growth attenuation. Here, we have tested this hypothesis with the mutant virus mCMV-IE1-Y165C expressing an IE1 protein that selectively fails to transactivate RNR and TS in quiescent cells upon transfection while maintaining the capacity to disperse repressive nuclear domains (ND10). Our results confirm in vivo attenuation of mCMV-ΔIE1, as indicated by a longer doubling time in host organs, whereas mCMV-IE1-Y165C replicated like mCMV-WT and the revertant virus mCMV-IE1-C165Y. Notably, the mutant virus transactivated RNR and TS upon infection of quiescent cells, thus indicating that IE1 is not the only viral transactivator involved. We conclude that transactivation of cellular genes of dNTP biosynthesis is ensured by redundancy and that attenuation of mCMV-ΔIE1 results from the loss of other critical functions of IE1, with its function in the dispersal of ND10 being a promising candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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14. Overexpression of endothelin B receptor in glioblastoma: a prognostic marker and therapeutic target?
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Vasaikar, Suhas, Tsipras, Giorgos, Landázuri, Natalia, Costa, Helena, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Scicluna, Patrick, Cui, Huanhuan L., Mohammad, Abdul-Aleem, Davoudi, Belghis, Shang, Mingmei, Ananthaseshan, Sharan, Strååt, Klas, Stragliotto, Giuseppe, Rahbar, Afsar, Wong, Kum Thong, Tegner, Jesper, Yaiw, Koon-Chu, Söderberg-Naucler, Cecilia, Landázuri, Natalia, and Strååt, Klas
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GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,GENETIC overexpression ,ENDOTHELINS ,BREAST cancer ,CANCER cells ,PROGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with median survival of 12-15 months. Owing to uncertainty in clinical outcome, additional prognostic marker(s) apart from existing markers are needed. Since overexpression of endothelin B receptor (ETBR) has been demonstrated in gliomas, we aimed to test whether ETBR is a useful prognostic marker in GBM and examine if the clinically available endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) could be useful in the disease treatment.Methods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to assess ETBR expression. For survival analysis, glioblastoma samples from 25 Swedish patients were immunostained for ETBR, and the findings were correlated with clinical history. The druggability of ETBR was assessed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. ERAs were analyzed for toxicity in in vitro assays with GBM and breast cancer cells.Results: By bioinformatics analysis, ETBR was found to be upregulated in glioblastoma patients, and its expression levels were correlated with reduced survival. ETBR interacts with key proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis, suggesting it as a druggable target. In vitro viability assays showed that ERAs may hold promise to treat glioblastoma and breast cancer.Conclusions: ETBR is overexpressed in glioblastoma and other cancers and may be a prognostic marker in glioblastoma. ERAs may be useful for treating cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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15. Discordant humoral and cellular immune responses to Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in glioblastoma patients whose tumors are positive for CMV.
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Rahbar, Afsar, Solberg, Nina Wolmer, Taher, Chato, Dzabic, Mensur, Xu, Xinling, Skarman, Petra, Fornara, Olesja, Tammik, Charlotte, Yaiw, Koon, Wilhelmi, Vanessa, Assinger, Alice, Söderberg-Naucler, Cecilia, Peredo, Inti, and Stragliotto, Giuseppe
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,VALGANCICLOVIR ,TUMORS ,SEROLOGY ,ANTIGENS - Abstract
Background.Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and is nearly always fatal. Emerging evidence suggests that humanCytomegalovirus(HCMV) is present in 90–100% of GBMs and that add-on antiviral treatment for HCMV show promise to improve survival. Methods.In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of valganciclovir in 42 GBM patients, blood samples were collected for analyses of HCMV DNA, RNA, reactivity against HCMV peptides, IgG, and IgM at baseline and at 3, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment. Results.All 42 tumors were positive for HCMV protein. All patients examined had at least one blood sample positive for HCMV DNA, 63% were HCMV RNA positive, and 21% were IgM positive. However, 29% of GBM patients were IgG negative for HCMV. Five of these samples were positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used antigens derived from a clinical isolate. Blood T cells from 11 of 13 (85%) HCMV IgG-negative GBM patients reacted against HCMV peptides. Valganciclovir did not affect IgG titers, DNA, or RNA levels of theHCMV immediate early (HCMV IE)gene in blood. Conclusion.In GBM patients, HCMV activity is higher than in healthy controls and serology is a poor test to define previous or active HCMV infection in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
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16. Human cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex type I virus can engage RNA polymerase I for transcription of immediate early genes.
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Kostopoulou ON, Wilhelmi V, Raiss S, Ananthaseshan S, Lindström MS, Bartek J, and Söderberg-Naucler C
- Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes RNA polymerase II to transcribe viral genes and produce viral mRNAs. It can specifically target the nucleolus to facilitate viral transcription and translation. As RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-mediated transcription is active in the nucleolus, we investigated the role of Pol I, along with relative contributions of the human Pol II and Pol III, to early phases of viral transcription in HCMV infected cells, compared with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Inhibition of Pol I with siRNA or the Pol I inhibitors CX-5461 or Actinomycin D (5nM) resulted in significantly decreased IE and pp65 mRNA and protein levels in human fibroblasts at early times post infection. This initially delayed replication was compensated for later during the replication process, at which stage it didn't significantly affect virus production. Pol I inhibition also reduced HSV-1 ICP0 and gB transcripts, suggesting that some herpesviruses engage Pol I for their early transcription. In contrast, inhibition of Pol I failed to affect MCMV transcription. Collectively, our results contribute to better understanding of the functional interplay between RNA Pol I-mediated nucleolar events and the Herpes viruses, particularly HCMV whose pathogenic impact ranges from congenital malformations and potentially deadly infections among immunosuppressed patients, up to HCMV's emerging oncomodulatory role in human tumors., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST There is no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2017
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17. Human cytomegalovirus may promote tumour progression by upregulating arginase-2.
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Costa H, Xu X, Overbeek G, Vasaikar S, Patro CP, Kostopoulou ON, Jung M, Shafi G, Ananthaseshan S, Tsipras G, Davoudi B, Mohammad AA, Lam H, Strååt K, Wilhelmi V, Shang M, Tegner J, Tong JC, Wong KT, Söderberg-Naucler C, and Yaiw KC
- Subjects
- Arginase genetics, Carcinogenesis, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement physiology, Cell Proliferation physiology, Cytomegalovirus genetics, Cytomegalovirus metabolism, Cytomegalovirus Infections enzymology, Cytomegalovirus Infections pathology, Cytomegalovirus Infections virology, Disease Progression, Glioblastoma blood supply, Glioblastoma enzymology, Glioblastoma pathology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neovascularization, Pathologic enzymology, Neovascularization, Pathologic pathology, Neovascularization, Pathologic virology, Transfection, Up-Regulation, Arginase biosynthesis, Cytomegalovirus physiology, Glioblastoma virology
- Abstract
Background: Both arginase (ARG2) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) have been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the role of ARG2 in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) and the HCMV effects on ARG2 are unknown. We hypothesize that HCMV may contribute to tumorigenesis by increasing ARG2 expression., Results: ARG2 promotes tumorigenesis by increasing cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry in GBM cells, at least in part due to overexpression of MMP2/9. The nor-NOHA significantly reduced migration and tube formation of ARG2-overexpressing cells. HCMV immediate-early proteins (IE1/2) or its downstream pathways upregulated the expression of ARG2 in U-251 MG cells. Immunostaining of GBM tissue sections confirmed the overexpression of ARG2, consistent with data from subsets of Gene Expression Omnibus. Moreover, higher levels of ARG2 expression tended to be associated with poorer survival in GBM patient by analyzing data from TCGA., Methods: The role of ARG2 in tumorigenesis was examined by proliferation-, migration-, invasion-, wound healing- and tube formation assays using an ARG2-overexpressing cell line and ARG inhibitor, N (omega)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) and siRNA against ARG2 coupled with functional assays measuring MMP2/9 activity, VEGF levels and nitric oxide synthase activity. Association between HCMV and ARG2 were examined in vitro with 3 different GBM cell lines, and ex vivo with immunostaining on GBM tissue sections. The viral mechanism mediating ARG2 induction was examined by siRNA approach. Correlation between ARG2 expression and patient survival was extrapolated from bioinformatics analysis on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)., Conclusions: ARG2 promotes tumorigenesis, and HCMV may contribute to GBM pathogenesis by upregulating ARG2., Competing Interests: None.
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- 2016
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18. Human Cytomegalovirus Up-Regulates Endothelin Receptor Type B: Implication for Vasculopathies?
- Author
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Yaiw KC, Mohammad AA, Costa H, Taher C, Badrnya S, Assinger A, Wilhelmi V, Ananthaseshan S, Estekizadeh A, Davoudi B, Ovchinnikova O, Shlyakhto E, Rafnsson A, Khan Z, Butler L, Rahbar A, Pernow J, and Söderberg-Nauclér C
- Abstract
Background. Both endothelin receptor type B ([ETBR], a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates the vascular effects of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1) and human cytomegalovirus ([HCMV], a ubiquitous herpesvirus) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The effects of HCMV infection on ETBR expression are unknown. We hypothesized that HCMV may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD via ETBR modulation. Methods. Human CMV effects on ETBR were studied in vitro in endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ex vivo in human carotid plaque tissue specimens. Expression of ETBR and viral immediate-early were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functional consequences after ETBR blockade in ECs were examined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide proliferation, wound healing, tube formation, and flow adhesion assays. Results. Human CMV is capable of upregulating both ETBR mRNA and protein expression in ECs and SMCs. The ETBR was also abundantly expressed in ECs, foam cells, and SMCs, and, more importantly, in HCMV-positive cells in human carotid plaques. Endothelin receptor type B blockade led to decreased proliferation and reduced tumor necrosis factor α-mediated leukocyte recruitment in both uninfected and HCMV-infected ECs. Direct HCMV infection was antimigratory and antiangiogenic in ECs. Conclusions. Human CMV may contribute to CVD via ETBR induction.
- Published
- 2015
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19. Direct infection of primary endothelial cells with human cytomegalovirus prevents angiogenesis and migration.
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Gustafsson RKL, Jeffery HC, Yaiw KC, Wilhelmi V, Kostopoulou ON, Davoudi B, Rahbar A, Benard M, Renné T, Söderberg-Nauclér C, and Butler LM
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- Cells, Cultured, Cytomegalovirus Infections virology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Interleukin-10 genetics, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Placenta blood supply, Placenta cytology, Placenta virology, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Cell Movement, Cytomegalovirus physiology, Cytomegalovirus Infections congenital, Endothelial Cells physiology, Endothelial Cells virology, Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a beta herpesvirus that establishes lifelong infection. Although the virus does not usually cause overt clinical symptoms in immunocompetent individuals it can have deleterious effects in immunocompromised patients, such as those on post-transplant medication or with HIV infection. hCMV is the most common congenital infection and can lead to serious fetal sequelae. Endothelial cells (ECs) are natural hosts for hCMV in vivo, therefore, investigations of how this cell type is modulated by infection are key to understanding hCMV pathogenesis. Previous studies have examined the effect of secretomes from hCMV-infected cells on EC angiogenesis, whereas the effect of direct infection on this process has not been so well investigated. Here, we show that placental ECs are viral targets during congenital infection and that vessels in infected tissue appear morphologically abnormal. We demonstrate that the clinical hCMV strain VR1814 impaired EC tube assembly in in vitro angiogenesis assays and inhibited wound healing ability in scratch assays. Secretomes from infected cultures did not impair angiogenesis of uninfected ECs, suggesting that cell-intrinsic changes, as opposed to secreted factors, were responsible. We observed viral gene transcription dependent downregulation of the expression of angiogenesis-associated genes, including angiopoietin-2, TEK receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. An alternative clinical hCMV stain, TB40E showed similar effects on EC angiogenesis. Together, our data indicate that direct infection with hCMV can induce an anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic EC phenotype, which could have a detrimental effect on the vasculature development in infected tissues.
- Published
- 2015
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