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Objectives: To explore the content, ways, and methods of family education in cultivating students' humanistic literacy. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study and collected questionnaire data from 616 eight-year clinical medical students of Central South University by a convenience sampling survey. To determine the influence of parents' educational attainment on children's humanistic literacy, the students were mainly divided into two groups including parents' education attainment was college or above (Group B) and parents' education attainment below college (Group A). Nonparametric tests are used to test the differences between the two groups in humanistic spirit, interpersonal communication, humanistic knowledge and ability, and development planning. Results: Group B had better social morality and a sense of social responsibility than group A (P=0.024, P=0.001). Compared to group A, students in group B could better integrate into the new environment, communicate with students from different institutes, and take an active part in activities (P=0.001). In a nutshell, students in group B had more excellent humanistic knowledge and ability and could consult medical literature and write in Chinese or English more proficiently than group A (P=0.0001, P=0.0001). Conclusions: We found that the eight-year medical students whose parents' highest education attainment is college or above almost mastered a higher level of humanistic literacy. It demonstrated family humanistic literacy education is irreplaceable. We recommend systematic efforts to build a reasonable and effective family humanistic literacy education platform and form an educational synergy with school education to make the cultivation of humanistic literacy among students more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acidic structure in an iron-based ionic liquid (Fe-IL) is significantly affected by the valent variation and solvent effect during the catalytic reaction. However, the magnetic property of Fe-IL limits the utilization of commonly used characterization methods that require a magnetic field for the structural analysis of Fe-IL. Herein, a quantitative pyridine-IR spectrum method was developed by analyzing the slope of straight lines (Slope(X)) in IA(X) ~ n(Py) relationship graph (IA(X): integrated area of nPyH+ or nPy-L (cm-1); n(Py): the mole of added pyridine (mol)) to determine the structural forms of Brønsted and Lewis acid in Fe-IL, as well as the Lewis activity according to the Beer's law. Different Fe-IL systems, such as Fe-ILaq (from FeCl3.6H2O), Fe-ILnon-aq (from non-aqueous FeCl3) and Fe-ILnon-aq + HCl, were designed and synthesized with similar cationic and anionic structures, in which the Lewis acidity and Lewis activity are significantly influenced by Brønsted acidity. The results showed that the Brønsted acidity in Fe-ILnonaq is lower than that in Fe-ILaq, and Fe-ILnon-aq can be transferred into Fe-ILaq after protonation. The Slope(L) of FeCl4 - has the value of 0.21-0.28 in Fe-ILnon-aq and Fe-ILaq before protonation, and protonation could significantly decrease the value of Slope(L) and Lewis activity, which is mainly caused by the steric hindrance of FeCl4 - with the increased amount of the Brønsted acidic structure of Fe-Cl-HCl. In addition, the solvent effect of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (NHD), which is a commonly used organic solvent for the absorption of an acidic gas, on the acidic structure and Lewis activity of Fe-IL was also investigated. We found that relatively free HCl that is combined with the Fe-Cl bond in the Fe-ILaq/NHD complex can be predicted by analyzing the slope of IA(X) B n(Py), and the Lewis activity of FeCl4 - decreases with increasing volume ratio of NHD. It is confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculation that the decreased Lewis activity of Fe-IL caused by the protonation and solvent effect is mainly attributed to the decreased electron-withdrawing ability of FeCl4 - and the bond length of the Fe-Cl bond. Furthermore, DFT calculation and CV characterization further demonstrate the reliability of the developed quantitative pyridine-IR method by analyzing the slope of IA(X) B n(Py). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]