Search

AbstractFollowing efforts to diversify and decolonize University curricula, Oxford Brookes University student union reported that Black and BIPOC students wanted more diverse content. In response, the Library set up a group to embed Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion practices into collection development, teaching, and administrative and research support practices. Initiatives entailed book purchases of authors from historically marginalized backgrounds, curation of diversity reading lists, updating subject headings to reflect modern terminology, and promotion of Read & Publish agreements. Currently, we have been unsuccessful in determining if the requests of students for diverse content have been met. Further research would seek to explore this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Capability Approach (CA) as a means of identifying the barriers that individuals with disabilities face in achieving their goals, this conceptual paper aims to provoke discussion and identify how society excludes and marginalises individuals with disabilities. As framed through the lens of consumer vulnerability, reimagining how society, policy makers and the market can transform lived experiences, representation and symbolism of disability, this paper calls for a coherent and integrated set of actions. Central to these actions is a proposal for a transformative approach to marketplace access as a coordinated force to deliver positive change for people with disabilities. Through developing a new conceptual way of how the market should engage with disability, this paper presents proposals looking to ensure individuals with disabilities experience the conditions in which they can pursue their ultimate ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders in rugby players. Six electronic databases were searched in December 2020. Studies were included if they provided quantitative data on mental health symptoms and disorders and consisted of adult rugby players. Eight studies were included, covering symptoms of anxiety, depression, alcohol use/misuse, distress, sleeping/sleep disturbance, and eating disorders/adverse nutrition behaviors. Prevalence of mental health symptoms ranged from 6% (depression) to 68.8% (alcohol use/misuse). Most rates were similar to the general population, while symptoms of sleeping/sleep disturbance were lower, and symptoms of eating disorders/adverse nutrition behaviors and alcohol use/misuse were higher than the general population. One study included female rugby players. Epidemiological evidence comprising of rigorous diagnostic data and inclusive of gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, and other protected characteristics is needed to inform future mental health support in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTo move beyond the hyper-individualism of popular neoliberal understandings of self-care, we must reconceptualize self-care as social-self care—care for fundamentally social selves. First, I examine how self-care has—and has not—been conceptualized around sociality by tracing historical lineages in modern medical discourse, Black Feminist thought, Ancient Greek and Foucauldian philosophy, the popular self-help tradition, and contemporary literatures of refusal. Next, I explore current popular neoliberal conceptualizations of “self,” “care,” and “self-care” that prioritize the individual and depoliticize wellbeing, trapping people in myopically individualistic worldviews. Finally, I argue that the social psychological concept of the “social self” (Cooley; Mead) as well as Mills’ “sociological imagination” necessitate a reframing of self-care to social-self care. This reframing emphasizes sociality and relationality and has the potential to free people from neoliberal disconnection and promote resistance against systemic injustice—positioning social-self care as transformative and counter-hegemonic. Desires to protect financial interests, pass blame, and retain individual autonomy stand as barriers to this reframing. Still, reconceptualizing self-care around a fundamentally social self is imperative, holding the potential to shape daily lived experience and broader understandings of wellbeing in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: The adverse impacts of climate change on mental health is a burgeoning area, although findings are inconsistent. The emerging concept of eco-anxiety represents distress in relation to climate change and may be related to mental health. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between eco-anxiety with validated mental health outcomes, specifically psychological distress and symptoms of major affective disorders. Design: Systematic review. Methods: EBSCO, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases were searched to February 2024 for studies of adult samples quantifying eco-anxiety (exposure, i.e. fear, worry or anxiety in relation to climate change) and symptoms of psychological distress and major affective disorders (outcomes), as assessed by validated measures. Results: Full text review of 83 studies was performed, and k = 35 studies were included in the review (N = 45 667, 61% female, Mage 31.2 years). Consistently, eco-anxiety showed small to large positive correlations with mental health outcomes of psychological distress, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms. However, results regarding post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and pathological worry were mixed. Stronger associations were observed where eco-anxiety was operationalised as 'anxiety' rather than 'worry'. Conclusions: Findings underscore that eco-anxiety is related to psychological burden. Greater consideration of eco-anxiety in assessment and treatment is needed in clinical practice and further policy development is warranted at the intersection of climate and health to address the mental health challenges posed by climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construct of flourishing, which refers to a high level of wellbeing, is a key concept in the field of positive psychology. Nevertheless, despite the proliferation of questionnaires attempting to measure wellbeing and flourishing, there is still an ongoing debate in the scientific community about the definition and assessment of both, which makes the choice of appropriate measures a major challenge. This study addresses this uncertainty through a comparative analysis of four widely used flourishing measures in a German-speaking sample, to enable researchers to make a reasonable choice among the measures available: the PERMA-Profiler, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, the Flourishing Scale, and the Wellbeing Conceptual Framework. To enhance the understanding of these four measures, we compared and contrasted the instruments using Item Pool Visualization (IPV), an illustrative approach that generates item pools from the same dataset and displays them as nested radar maps. Our research indicates that all four measures are useful in measuring the concept of flourishing. However, they differ from each other depending on specific interest (from a broader to a narrower view). If the aim is to get a comprehensive overview of flourishing, then the PERMA-Profiler, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and the Flourishing Scale are appropriate options. If the focus is on measuring a more central concept, the Wellbeing Conceptual Framework provides the most specific assessment of flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between Distress Tolerance, defined as the individual's ability to withstand psychological stress or endure negative emotions, and Life Satisfaction, the cognitive component of the individual's subjective wellbeing, among Saudi young adults aged 20–30. The study aimed to understand the overall scores of distress tolerance, life satisfaction, and gender differences in these variables. Methods: Online questionnaires were distributed to 348 participants selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, using self-report scales: the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The sample consisted of 77 males and 271 females, with a mean age of 1.8793 years (SD = 0.81931). Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The findings supported our hypotheses that (1) Saudi young adults have high overall scores of distress tolerance and life satisfaction, (2) there is a significant positive correlation between distress tolerance and life satisfaction, (3) there are no significant differences between males and females regarding overall distress tolerance and life satisfaction levels, although (4) a significant gender difference was found in the emotional regulation subscale of DTS. A linear regression analysis also showed that distress tolerance significantly predicts life satisfaction. Conclusion: Distress tolerance and life satisfaction are positively associated among Saudi young adults, with no significant gender differences in overall levels. However, differences in specific subscales, such as emotional regulation, warrant further investigation. These findings provide valuable insights for interventions to enhance this population's wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we expanded upon the job demands–resources model to assess the role of employees' vitality as an inner resource for their work engagement and job commitment. To assess vitality and related job resources, we developed an index of vitality outside of work and adapted measures of manager autonomy support and organizational support. For job demands, we measured work stress and predicted that each of these four variables would contribute independently to work-related outcomes. Then, in a preregistered study, we collected these measures from a sample of 5,280 American workers (primarily ages 18–34, 54% female). Results from multivariate regression analyses largely confirmed our hypotheses, showing that positive work-related outcomes, such as enthusiasm, enjoyment, and job satisfaction, were positively predicted by manager autonomy supports, organizational support, and individuals' vitality, and negatively predicted by work stress. The reverse pattern was largely observed for the negative outcome of turnover intention. Exploratory analyses also suggested that individual vitality may buffer the negative effects of stress and low manager and organizational support. The results highlight the potential role of employee vitality outside of work and managerial support in bolstering work engagement and reducing turnover intentions, offering a basis for organizational strategies aimed at improving work culture and retaining talent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The concept of "Healing Architecture" addresses the relevance of design and architectural issues on the outcome of medical and therapeutic treatment in hospitals. The questionnaire ARCHI was developed to record data on the opinion of different groups of users on the architectural design of their therapeutic environment in departments of child and adolescent psychiatry. Method: A Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases between 2020 and 2022 using ARCHI to gather the perspectives of senior physicians and architects on the significance of architectural design in German child and adolescent psychiatric facilities. Results: In the survey of the senior physicians, 49 heads of child and adolescents psychiatric departments initiated the survey, and 73.5% (n = 36) of them completed the questionnaire in its entirety. During the survey for the architect-specific, 145 individuals commenced the survey, and 60.7% of them completed the questionnaire (n = 88). Significant differences between architects and senior physicians became visible for four of the 93 items, namely "environment of the hospital", "structure of building", "labelling of floors" and "visible cleanliness". Conclusions: Although senior physicians and architects were characterized by the same opinions on the relevance of architectural design on therapeutic issues for the major part of issues, differences could be obtained for several aspects which are important for the architectural planning of new departments and hospitals. It remains open why both professional groups had different point of views on these four aspects of hospital design which should be clarified to improve the process of hospital development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wellness industry has emerged as a multi-trillion-dollar global industry and the online hashtag #Wellness trend, with over 68 million posts on Instagram, is growing in popularity every day. We analyzed 373 posts from the hashtag #Wellness to explore how wellness is represented and mobilized on Instagram. Using reflexive thematic analysis and drawing from critical feminist theorizing on biopedagogies and healthism, we generated five themes: (infinite) wellness project of the self, aesthetic ideal = wellness expert, wellness labour, just choose wellness, and infinitely consuming wellness. We observed wellness being predominantly represented by imagery of a young, lean, white, able-bodied, affluent woman. Wellness was also discursively promoted as ostensibly easy to achieve through relentless effort, discipline, and consumption. We found #Wellness on Instagram to be another source of biopedagogies, or expert instructions for living, reproducing healthism, the thought that health is an individual responsibility, and reifying Western aesthetic idealization of bodies as conflated with health and well-being. Our findings highlight how sociocultural ideologies, including neoliberalism, biopedagogies, and healthism, have intense command and insidious pervasion into the current wellness and media culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aims to investigate the wellbeing of mid-achieving university students on campus and the factors affecting it. Given that this group represents a large yet often overlooked portion of higher education, the study endeavors to analyze the specific factors affecting their wellbeing to provide insights to foster a more comprehensive and inclusive educational environment. Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative research method. A total of 30 mid-achieving university students from different departments at Guizhou Medical University in China were interviewed in-depth. The interviews were conducted via the online WeChat platform from 1st March 2024 to 13th September 2024. The semi-structured interviews focused on "moments in campus life that make mid-achieving university students feel happy or joyful." All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed into text, which was thoroughly coded and analyzed by the researcher using NVIVO 12 software to comprehensively assess the multiple factors that affect the wellbeing of students. Results: The wellbeing of mid-achieving university students is affected by a combination of factors, including freedom and autonomy, social interactions, collective activities, campus environment and facilities, and academic achievement. Conclusion: Enhancing the autonomy of mid-achieving university students can significantly improve their self-efficacy and overall wellbeing. While social interactions and collective activities provide emotional support, they also present interpersonal challenges. Sufficient recreational spaces and a diverse range of food options on campus can help alleviate students' stress and increase their satisfaction with campus services. Conversely, policies banning motorized bicycles may negatively affect students' sense of wellbeing. Theoretically, the study contributes to the literature on student wellbeing in higher education psychology, particularly by offering a deeper understanding of the large but often neglected group of mid-achieving students. Practically, the findings emphasize the importance of creating more supportive and responsive educational environments tailored to the needs of these students, thereby facilitating inclusive campus environments and fully harnessing the learning potential of mid-achieving students. The study also proposes specific improvement strategies, such as optimizing campus facilities, enhancing student autonomy, and bolstering social and academic support systems. These measures are expected to directly improve the daily experiences of mid-achieving students and enhance their overall wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defining safety and wellbeing measurements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people can be difficult due to its subjectivity. This article discusses findings from yarning circles held with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples discussing these very definitions. It is argued through the findings; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge must be incorporated when defining safety and wellbeing measures such as connection to culture, family and housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Findings Conclusion This study explored the lived experiences of therapists who self‐identify as being highly sensitive persons (HSP), otherwise termed sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). SPS is an innate personality trait identified by deeper processing of information, overarousal, emotional intensity and sensory sensitivities (Aron & Aron, 1997). Of particular interest in this study was how being both a therapist and a HSP impacts on participants' well‐being and therapeutic work.Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 qualified therapists. There were nine females and one male, with ages ranging from 34 to 59 years, length of practice ranging from 2 to 15 years and length of time identifying as HSP ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith et al., 2022).Two group experiential themes were derived which have implications for therapists' training, practice and supervision. Participants felt that their heightened sensitivity helped them to establish relational depth with clients quickly and that they had an intuitive understanding of the nuances of clients' issues, which was often an embodied experience. They also spoke about the importance of processing time and setting boundaries to avoid burnout.There is a need for increased awareness about SPS in counselling and psychotherapy training, supervision and practice. Future research may find it fruitful to explore whether SPS has an impact on therapeutic outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Favorable movement behavior patterns, comprising more physical activity, less sedentary behavior, and sufficient sleep, may promote the maintenance of good quality of life (QoL) with advancing age. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether movement behaviors predict future changes in QoL among community-dwelling older adults over a four-year follow-up. Methods: Participants were 75-, 80- and 85-year-old community-dwelling older adults (n = 203) followed up for 4 years. Participants wore thigh- and trunk-mounted accelerometers for 3–7 days at baseline. Proportion of time-use in physical activity, standing and sedentary behavior were assessed based on body posture and movement intensity. Time in bed was determined using an automated algorithm. QoL was assessed during a home interview using the short Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (range 13–65, higher scores indicate higher QoL). Compositional linear regression analysis was used to study whether baseline time-use composition predicts changes in QoL. Results: Over the 4-year follow-up, QoL scores decreased by 5% on average. Higher physical activity in relation to the other movement behaviors was associated with increase in QoL over time (βilr 0.94, p = 0.013), but this association attenuated after adding baseline physical function into the model. Sedentary behavior, standing, and time in bed were not associated with changes in QoL. Theoretical reallocation of 30 min of physical activity into sedentary behavior, standing or time in bed was estimated to decrease QoL by 0.5 (CI 95% -0.6 to -0.4), 0.6 (-0.7 to -0.5) and 0.4 (-0.5 to -0.3) points, respectively. Conclusions: Theoretical reallocation of physical activity into sedentary behavior, standing, and time in bed was found to be associated with prospective decline in QoL among older adults. Engaging more in physical activity and less in more passive activities may promote better QoL with advancing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescent autistic girls in mainstream schools experience more loneliness and exclusion than their peers. Swedish schools have a long tradition of working towards inclusion but, despite this commitment, these girls are at higher risk of absenteeism and failing to achieve educational objectives. Bearing this in mind, it is important to understand how autistic girls navigate their everyday school life from a first-hand perspective and develop a broader understanding of what shapes their opportunities for and barriers to participation. Methods: This qualitative study draws on multiple semi-structured interviews with 11 autistic girls, aged 13–15, exploring how they navigate having an autism diagnosis within a Swedish secondary school context. Results: While on a personal level the diagnosis itself was mostly perceived as positive, the girls expressed ambivalence about making sense of it in the school context. The girls expressed awareness of the perceptions and understanding of autism in their school setting, and their consequences in terms of both support and exclusion and stigmatisation. The sense of being perceived by others as different, accompanied by a desire to belong and an awareness of stigma, seemed to have a strong impact on how they navigated everyday school life. This created field of tension between the social context of school, its values and norms, and the girls' personal experiences and views about autism. Discussion: The girls' accounts illustrate the complex reality of their school lives post diagnosis. Valuable implications for practice include the need to work towards a discourse in schools in which differences are seen as natural, and guidance post diagnosis to build the girls' awareness and understanding and enable them to develop strategies for successfully navigating school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of a mixed-method study exploring the self-reported negative impact on wellbeing of working in policing in England and Wales during the Covid-19 pandemic. For the first time, findings relating to the wellbeing of UK police and police staff are presented from two different points in time during the pandemic period – the initial ‘lockdown phase’ (March 2020) and Autumn 2021 as the UK began to return to pre-pandemic social behaviours. A first study presents data collected via electronic survey, completed in June 2021 by more than 500 UK police officers and staff, exploring how they felt initially about the Covid-19 pandemic and how they felt later in 2021. For example, how it affected their work and how they dealt with the changes in working practices. A second study presents an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of 18 interviews capturing the individual ‘life experiences’ of UK police officers and staff working in variety of policing roles during the pandemic. Key themes identified include the negative effects of working at home and the worry of spreading the disease to loved ones. Recommendations are made for how police forces can better support the wellbeing of officers and staff during pandemic scenarios and increase resilience. For example, by quickly identifying those officers and staff most vulnerable to the disease and/or most anxious generally at the start of a pandemic, to plan for how appropriate support can be provided, and acknowledge that police staff feel most isolated when working from home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial, environmental, and socio-cultural challenges affect the mental health and wellbeing of those working and living on-farm. Education programs can help in improving mental health and overall wellbeing, but most of these programs are offered to established farmers in a face-to-face format, leading to a gap in offerings to many subgroups, including young agricultural entrants. To address these gaps, this paper assesses the value of an online mental health and resilience education program for young agricultural entrants. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was applied. Firstly, a quantitative survey was conducted with 172 first year agricultural tertiary students, aged 18–20, to assess the knowledge and skills gained due to program participation. Regressions and propensity score matching were used to determine the effect of program participation. Subsequently, seven interviews were conducted with program participants to provide insights into their experiences of the program. Thematic coding was applied to analyze the qualitative data. Findings from the quantitative survey show a significant increase in mental health knowledge and skills amongst program participants compared to participants in the control group. The qualitative interviews show the ability to work through the material in their own time and space, creates a safe environment for online students. Other mechanisms contributing to learning are using “normal language”, a peer voice in communicating wellbeing, and building on learnings in previous education. This paper addresses a gap in literature by being the first study to evaluate online mental health education for agricultural tertiary students. It provides educators and other program designers with valuable information for future program design to support the wellbeing of young agricultural workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusionsThe importance of improving psychological resilience among healthcare workers to protect individuals, support the delivery of quality patient care, and safeguard health system functioning is well documented. While research has explored many aspects of psychological wellbeing across various healthcare worker populations, it is unclear how physiotherapists view and experience psychological resilience and stress in the workplace. This study aimed to explore how paediatric physiotherapists described resilience, how stress in the workplace affected their ability to provide services, and the methods used to cope with pressures and stress.A cross-sectional, qualitative approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 paediatric physiotherapists working in the Republic of Ireland. The transcripts were analysed using a deductive content analysis approach.Five themes arose from the interviews. These were ‘The Nature of Resilience’(summarised many physiotherapist’s perceptions that resilience was ‘coping’ with difficulties in the workplace), ‘Challenges of the Profession’ (described parts of their roles as physiotherapists that contributed to stress)’, Job-Related Gratification’(described the aspects of the role that strengthens resilience), ‘Resilience Strategies (Protective Practices)’(described the actions and activities used by physiotherapists to cope with stressors in the workplace), and ‘Resilience Strategies (Attitudes)’(summarised the attitudes used to safeguard against workplace stress).This study evaluated paediatric physiotherapists’ experiences of resilience from a personal and organisational perspective. This study suggests this population shares its understanding of resilience with other healthcare professions. The findings of this research highlights the necessity for additional investigation into methods used by paediatric physiotherapists to cope with workplace stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodFindingsConclusionsAdjusting to life changes posed by an acquired brain injury (ABI) can be challenging for both individuals with ABI and their families. The current study explores the experience of adjustment, incorporating similarities and differences in this process as reported by the family members and individuals with ABI.Thirty-nine participants, recruited from a regional brain injury charity group, took part in semi-structured interviews (20/39 individuals with ABI, 19/39 relatives). Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Three main categories of adjustment were developed: adjusted to life after ABI, partially adjusted to life after ABI and not adjusted to life after ABI. However, it is the complexity of experiences within these main categories which uncovers the diversity in individual experience. Of specific interest are adjustment as best case and resigned adjustment responses which indicate a level of burden for the person experiencing these feelings of adjustment.The categories of grateful acceptance and resigned acceptance were specific to relatives and show the need to look beyond the individual with ABI to identify where support may be required for a family as a whole. On the basis of these findings, we offer an inclusive, family-oriented conceptualization of adjustment to brain-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have shown high rates of mental health problems amongst doctors in training worldwide. Self-care has been shown to be protective against burnout and increases subjective wellbeing. This study aims to investigate the self-care practices of foundation year doctors (FYs) in Malta. All doctors enrolled in Foundation Programme Malta in 2022 were invited to participate in an online questionnaire containing the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 6-factor model described in literature. The independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to check for relationships between total scores and variables of interest and means and medians for each group were compared. A total of 122 doctors answered the questionnaire out of 264 (46%). The median score for our FY cohort was 68, indicating moderate levels of self-care. Almost 40% of participants rarely or never experienced a sense of meaning at work. Working for long hours under stressful conditions means that self-care must be one of the top priorities for new doctors. However, very few FYs working in Malta regularly care for their physical and mental health. Strategies to improve trainee wellbeing must first focus on systemic factors to allow the individual factors to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although motherhood plays a meaningful role in the formation of a woman's identity, most studies have focused on the process of identity transformation in the transition to motherhood among non-disabled women; less is known about this process among women with physical disabilities who become mothers. Objective: The present study aimed to understand and describe the subjective experiences of Israeli women with lifelong physical disabilities in their motherhood journey from the perspective of the intersection of their motherhood and disability identities, and from the disability studies approach. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 Israeli mothers with visible lifelong physical disabilities who live in the community and raise their children. Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) the decision to become a mother: Coping with the disability identity for the first time; (2) The FIRST 3 years: Depending on others as limiting their motherhood identity; (3) after age three: Balancing the motherhood and disability identities. Conclusion: The transition to motherhood led to identity transformation among women with physical disabilities. Becoming a mother increased the tension between dependence and independence in the context of disability, which also influenced the intersection of their motherhood and disability identities and their wellbeing. Practitioners should provide emotional support to mothers with disabilities and help them embrace the positive aspects of each identity and strike a balance between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies examining the role of Emotion Regulation (ER) do not consistently explain the underlying model or theory they are employing, resulting in a conflation of different strategies and goals within the ER scientific literature. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and conceptual analysis of the primary strategies and goals advocated in the ER models, theories, and frameworks. Furthermore, we explored the distinctions between the prevailing contemporary ER models and classical conceptions of emotional dynamics, such as those proposed by Aristotle, Descartes, and Darwin. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases in November 2023. The key search terms used were grouped into two different topics: Emotion Regulation and Models/Theories/Frameworks. Articles were included if they reported one or more ER model in healthy individuals or emotionally disordered individuals and if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal in English in the last 5 years (from 2019 to 2023). A total of two reviewers independently assessed the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Models identified were summarized and classified based on the different ER strategies and goals. Results: Of the 1,012 titles for initial consideration, 139 articles met the full eligibility criteria and were included for data extraction and synthesis. The review identified 10 ER models, and the most commonly used were the Process Model of Emotion Regulation and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation. There was a great deal of homogeneity among the proposed ER strategies and goals: the cognitive dimension is the core of ER strategy, and the ER goals are primarily hedonic or instrumental in nature. Discussion: Both Descartes and Darwin views were present in the ER models; however, some of the most significant contributions in Aristotelian proposal seem to be forgotten, such as the integration of the physical, operational, and growth dimensions (eudaimonic goals). Systematic review registration: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered at Prospero platform (CRD42023491948). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nutrition, sleep and physical activity are termed the "big three" health enhancing behaviors (HEB) associated with psychological distress and wellbeing. This study sought to understand differential associations between an expanded group of HEB (nutrition, sleep, physical activity, mindfulness, social connectedness) and psychological distress/wellbeing in early adolescents. Methods: Correlational and regression analyses were conducted in N=103 (51% females) adolescents (12.6 ± 0.3 years of age) recruited from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study. Results: Higher scores on sleep, social connectedness and mindfulness scales were significantly associated with lower psychological distress scores. While higher scores on social connectedness and mindfulness scales were significantly associated with higher wellbeing scores. When adjusting for sex, nutrition, sleep, social connectedness and mindfulness accounted for a significant proportion of variance in the psychological distress model whereas physical activity and social connectedness accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in the wellbeing model. Discussions: Overall findings make a strong case for expansion of the "big three" HEB to include mindfulness and social connectedness, especially given social connectedness emerged as the strongest predictor of both psychological distress and wellbeing. In addition, this research suggests that early adolescent nutrition, sleep quality, and mindfulness should be prioritized in efforts to reduce risk of difficulties, and physical activity prioritized as a protective factor for wellbeing in this population. Findings have implications for interventions, emphasizing the importance of addressing HEB factors comprehensively and tailoring strategies to the unique needs of early adolescents to foster positive mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous research studies show that mindfulness can mitigate the negative impact of trauma on mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety, mediating the relationship between trauma exposure and mental health, and treating symptoms resulting from traumatic events. During the COVID-19 pandemic, which was considered a traumatic event, the wellbeing of adults and children was severely compromised. Although children seem less vulnerable to the physical effects of the virus, this does not seem to be true for the psychological effects. Indeed, a prolonged period of loss of family activities and routines can have a negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. To investigate how mindfulness can help preschool children cope with the effects of COVID-19, a study was conducted on 46 children aged 4–5 years. The programme, based on the work of Jon Kabat-Zinn and adapted to the age of the participants, consisted of eight weekly 45-min sessions. Qualitative and quantitative results showed positive feedback, indicating that mindfulness helps children make sense of their experiences and achieve functional post-traumatic growth. This approach is seen as a challenge to guide children toward the restoration of psychological wellbeing, which is essential for good psychological balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students identifying as autistic, whose numbers have grown rapidly in recent years, often encounter a lack of understanding from teachers and peers at school, and face high levels of bullying and interpersonal abuse. Increasing knowledge of autistic students’ own understanding of their wellbeing is important for developing appropriate intervention strategies to support their school experience. In this meta-synthesis, 22 in-depth qualitative studies of 10–14-year-old students’ perspectives on their wellbeing at school were systematically analysed. The 225 students in these studies were mostly male and from resource-rich countries. Three synthesised findings were identified: first, autistic students’ wellbeing is connected to positive relationships at school; second, autistic students’ wellbeing at school centres around their self-identity; and third, the experience of school environments impacts autistic students’ wellbeing. Findings suggest first, that schools need to support the development of positive relationships between autistic students, their peers and teachers; second, that schools need to respond to how autistic students identify themselves and provide support appropriate to that identity; and third, that autistic students’ sensory needs need to be better supported through improved school design. Implications for practice include development of rights-based approaches and privileging autistic students’ own ideas about wellbeing and inclusion at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mental health problems and vocational disengagement are often linked for young people in a self-reinforcing cycle. Integrated Individual Placement and Support (IPS) services can help to not only overcome educational/vocational challenges but also improve mental wellbeing. Methods: In a matched cohort study, we compared improvement rates in mental health and wellbeing outcomes for young people aged 15 to 25 who had received at least two integrated IPS services with those who had received standard youth mental health services only. Data came from headspace, Australia's National Youth Mental Health Foundation. The sample comprised 2128 participants: 544 received integrated IPS services; 1584 received standard mental health services. Results: Four out of five IPS clients (81%) achieved positive outcomes on at least one of three mental health measures, a significantly higher proportion than matched clients who received standard services (75%). Logistic regressions estimated a 22% to 36% higher likelihood of achieving significant improvement for IPS clients. Greater improvements were evident for quality of life and potentially psychosocial functioning, but not psychological distress. Conclusions: Integrating an IPS program within a clinical setting not only achieves positive vocational outcomes, but also supports improvements in quality of life, psychosocial functioning and psychological distress that are greater or equal to the outcomes achieved through standard clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous communities, linguists, teachers, and language activists have been developing methods to revitalise endangered languages over several decades. Not only are these methods diverse, they are usually implemented in various ways according to local needs and aspirations. Language revitalisation methods focus on proficiency, but there is also interest in strengthening identity, resilience, and wellbeing. Aside from a handful of successes, programs may not be achieving desired outcomes. One could try to evaluate specific programs. However, we believe that a necessary first step is to examine published literature of revitalisation efforts to develop initial understandings of how they work. In particular, we seek to understand how revitalisation efforts tap into the speech community, how local participation affects outcomes, and how this involvement is supported and sustained by external programs, with a focus on language revitalisation efforts in Australia. We conduct a realist synthesis, and through analysis of 125 pieces of literature, we identify 13 initial theories. In analysing these theories, we identify two major gaps in our understanding of language revitalisation: how revitalisation programs work to strengthen communities and promote commitment. We propose these as significant, under-theorised elements of successful revitalisation which can guide exploration at the level of individual programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For older adolescents, the COVID-19 pandemic and UK restrictions arrived during a critical period in the transition to adulthood. Early research exploring impact of the pandemic paints a picture of worsened adolescent wellbeing and mental health. We explore the subjective experiences of 16- to 19-year-olds during the first UK lockdown, with an emphasis on wellbeing and coping, to complement quantitative evidence and inform strategies and provision for support. In May 2020, we invited UK-based 16- to 19-year-olds to share written accounts of their experiences of the initial UK lockdown for The TELL Study. A total of 109 participants engaged, submitting anonymous written accounts via an online survey portal. We used inductive reflexive thematic analysis to develop rich experiential themes. We constructed seven main themes: heightened emotionality; feelings of loss, change, and uncertainty; recognizing the value of self-care; efforts to think positively; opportunities for relief, growth, and development; the importance of togetherness; and frustration with government and media. Findings highlight the multifaceted nature of adolescents' lockdown experiences, and offer insight into emotional impact and new concerns alongside the value placed on self-care and staying connected. We offer directions for supporting adolescents as pandemic consequences continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual-factor model of mental health proposes that high wellbeing and low distress are necessary to define mental health. This study used latent profile analysis to identify mental health profiles in a sample of 3,587 Australian grade 6 students and explored the association between mental health profiles and school outcomes measured in grades 7 and 9. Six mental health profiles were identified: complete mental health (i.e. high wellbeing and low distress; 30%), moderately mentally healthy (i.e. average wellbeing and low distress; 18%), symptomatic but content (i.e. high wellbeing and above-average distress; 19%), vulnerable (i.e. low wellbeing and below-average distress; 6%), moderately troubled (i.e. below-average wellbeing and high distress; 19%), and troubled (i.e. low wellbeing and high distress; 8%). After statistical adjustment for potential confounders (gender, language background, socio-economic status, and geographical remoteness), students with complete mental health showed significantly higher academic achievement and school engagement one and three years later compared with students with all other mental health profiles. Students with vulnerable and troubled profiles experienced the poorest school outcomes sustained over time (grade 7 and grade 9). Implications for school-based interventions to support the mental health and wellbeing of students are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'What is the good life?' Few empirical studies explore how American college students answer this important question. In this grounded theory study, we analysed the responses of 276 American college students in two phases. In the first phase, we examined responses from 109 students at 10 different universities. In the second phase, we added interviews with an additional 167 students at one of the universities. Based on our coding, we found students' visions of the good life were comprised of 24 unique ingredients; the most common being having a stable or passion-inspired career, being married, having children, continuing advanced learning, and being financially stable. We also discovered that eight distinct clusters of ingredients accounted for three-fourths of student responses. The clusters included American dreamers, happy strivers, comfort, and stability seekers, ECL (enjoy work, have comfort, limited family) students, family cultivators, singular career strivers, moral strivers, and God-followers. Plain Language Summary: 'What is the good life?' For thousands of years, authors have told us what the good life should be. Yet, if educators and other practitioners, such as student life personnel and youth workers, are going to help persuade students to develop a particular vision of the good life, respectable pedagogy requires that we first understand what students think the good life is. Unfortunately, few studies explore how American college students answer this important question. In this study, we analysed the responses of 276 American college students in two phases. In the first phase, we examined responses from 109 students at 10 different universities. In the second phase, we added interviews with an additional 167 students at one of the universities. Based on our analysis, we found students' visions of the good life were comprised of 24 unique good life 'ingredients'. An ingredient is simply one particular element of the good life that students mentioned. The most common ingredients were having a stable or passion-inspired career, being married, having children, continuing advanced learning, and being financially stable. We also discovered that eight distinct clusters of ingredients accounted for three-fourths of student responses. We named these clusters: American dreamers, happy strivers, comfort, and stability seekers, ECL (enjoy work, have comfort, limited family) students, family cultivators, singular career strivers, moral strivers, and God-followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Clinical perfectionism, characterised by stringent standards and persistent striving, correlates with self-criticism and poor wellbeing. In this study we explored the mediating roles of psychological flexibility and inflexibility, and self-compassion, in the relationships of clinical perfectionism with distress, and clinical perfectionism and wellbeing. Methods: We used a cross-sectional correlational study design. A non-clinical sample of 210 Australian residents aged between 18 to 65 years old completed an online survey. Data were analysed using correlational, multiple regression, and parallel mediation analysis. Results: Heightened clinical perfectionism was associated with lower wellbeing and increased distress. Regression models revealed significant mediation by psychological inflexibility processes (self-as-content, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion) and self-compassion. Cognitive fusion and inaction mediated clinical perfectionism-distress, while self-compassion and inaction mediated clinical perfectionism-psychological wellbeing. Conclusions: These findings support clinical perfectionism as a transdiagnostic predictor of distress and reduced wellbeing. Those with high clinical perfectionism tend to rigidly respond to perfectionistic thoughts, avoid uncomfortable emotions, and engage in value-disconnected inaction. Associations between psychological flexibility and inflexibility processes emphasise their multidimensional nature, distinct yet interrelated. Inaction emerges as a common process in clinical perfectionism-distress and clinical perfectionism-wellbeing, while cognitive fusion specifically influences distress, and limited self-compassion affects wellbeing. Key Points: What is already known about this topic: Clinical perfectionism is linked to psychopathology and transdiagnostic mechanisms, impacting distress and psychological wellbeing. Psychological inflexibility provides a transdiagnostic framework for understanding how rigid and self-limiting responses to feelings and thoughts are maintained despite negative consequences. Clinical perfectionism may be a form of psychological inflexibility, with rigid responses to perfectionistic thoughts, avoidance of uncomfortable emotions, and value-disconnected inaction. What this topic adds: Cognitive fusion and inaction are crucial for understanding clinical perfectionism's impact on distress. Self-compassion and inaction play a key role in understanding the relationship between clinical perfectionism and wellbeing. Understanding the functions of inaction is vital for fostering flexible responses to perfectionistic thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The declining wellbeing of Australian teachers is a longstanding problem, with much attention on retention, stress, burnout, and poor resourcing and conditions that impact wellbeing. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has further illuminated these challenges. This qualitative study aimed to explore Australian teachers' perceptions of their wellbeing needs with a focus on asking the questions that are often not asked—what is working, what are we learning, and how can we move forward to support teacher wellbeing? The voices of teachers revealed findings that support a much-needed shift in teacher wellbeing rhetoric in Australia. We illuminate five key areas that influence teacher and sector perceptions of wellbeing: (1) school leadership, (2) professional development, (3) workload and work-life balance, (4) relationships, and (5) stress, positive emotions, and accomplishment. These findings contribute to the need for a change in how teacher wellbeing is approached and highlight the possible implications of what is working, needs, barriers, and insights for preservice teacher education and professional development of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School teachers have demonstrated poor mental health and low levels of wellbeing, globally. Despite the high prevalence of depression, burnout, stress, and anxiety, few programs have been developed in collaboration with teachers that are appropriate for their needs and circumstances. The current mixed-methods study involved consultation with members of the teaching workforce in Australia to understand their preferences for a program to address their mental health and wellbeing. The sample included teachers and other key representatives from the education sector in New South Wales, Australia. There were 47 participants who completed online surveys, with a subset (n = 16) also attending two group workshops (n = 10 in the first workshop, n = 6 in the second workshop). Data were collected between May 2021 and October 2021. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarise quantitative survey data, and thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results from surveys and workshops found that a new approach is needed to address teacher mental health and wellbeing in schools. Participants expressed a preference for a strategy that combined a face-to-face approach with a digital component and focused on three areas: staff relationships, supportive leadership, and practical skill development. The results of this study provide guidance about areas to target to improve teacher mental health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational approach known as positive education emerged from positive psychology and frequently attributes its conception of flourishing to Aristotelian eudaimonia. This is a point of contention between scholars who see positive psychology's flourishing as an epithet of Aristotelian virtues and others who have identified critical divergences between the philosophical foundations of positive psychology and Aristotle's normative ethics. Few scholars have examined whether adolescent understandings of flourishing reflect Aristotelian eudaimonia, and whether this is different in positive education students. This paper explores notion of the good life through the writings of 226 adolescents, 93 of whom attend a school that has implemented positive education. These are analysed through an Aristotelian lens, finding more similarities than differences between the groups. Both groups discussed relationships, emotions, and accomplishments, but moral goodness and virtue were not prominent. Conclusions are drawn about the implications of this for 'positive' education and the role it plays in nurturing flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace sexual harassment, particularly in hospitality, is a significant issue with many implications. For decades, assessing its scope and impact has drawn the attention of scholars, but some gaps still exist. Based on Rational Choice Theory, this paper explored employee conformance behavior to sexual harassment in relation to organization strategic commitment and employee wellbeing in the global south context. A total of 712 completed questionnaires were collected from Nigeria and Ghana. WarpPLS version 8.0 partial least squares structural equation structural modeling was employed to assess the research model. Results revealed that hotel workers' behaviors toward awareness and management of sexual harassment are nonlinear and complex. Conformance behavior, despite conceived by employees as an economic coping strategy, proved to be a temporary measure and is disadvantageous to wellbeing. An important managerial implication of this study is the need for education about what sexual harassment is and how it impacts employees' wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the nature and prevalence of phenomena like climate anxiety (or eco-anxiety) is increasing rapidly but there is little understanding of the conditions under which climate change worry becomes more or less likely to significantly impact mental wellbeing. Here, we considered two plausible moderators of the relationship between climate change worry and mental wellbeing: neuroticism and efficacy beliefs. Analysis was conducted with survey data gathered in six European countries in autumn 2019. Participants were recruited from universities in the participating countries using opportunity sampling. We found that climate change worry is negatively related to mental wellbeing at any level of perceived efficacy. In contrast, climate change worry is only significantly related to mental wellbeing at low and average levels of neuroticism. High neuroticism appears to have a masking, rather than amplifying, role in the relationship between climate change worry and mental wellbeing. The cross-sectional design of the study precludes verification of causal relationships among variables. The brief measure of neuroticism employed also did not allow for nuanced analysis of how different facets of neuroticism contribute to the observed interaction with climate change worry. Findings cannot be indiscriminately generalised to less privileged groups facing the worst impacts of the climate crisis. Our findings lend to a view that harmful impacts of climate change worry on mental wellbeing cannot simply be ascribed to dispositional traits like neuroticism. We advocate for interventions that tackle negative climate-related emotions as unique psychological stressors. • We examined whether neuroticism and efficacy beliefs interact with climate worry. • Efficacy beliefs did not moderate climate worry – mental wellbeing relationship. • Climate worry and mental wellbeing only significantly linked at low neuroticism. • High neuroticism has a masking role in climate worry – mental wellbeing link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To increase charitable donations, not-for-profit organisations sometimes include a pre-giving incentive such as a monetary gift alongside a request to donate. Little is known about how monetary pre-giving incentives impact subsequent donation intentions, particularly for young consumers who are an important market for the not-for-profit sector. Using the principles of reciprocity, this paper aims to examine whether the value of monetary pre-giving incentives induces obligation (i.e. a negative psychological state) and/or gratitude (i.e. a positive psychological state) and whether this subsequently impact young consumers' initial donation amount and future donation intention. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a one-factor, three-level between-subjects experimental design (n = 274) to test the effect of different values of pre-giving incentives on gratitude, obligation, initial donation amount and future donation intentions of young consumers. Findings: Higher value pre-giving incentives increase young consumers' experience of obligation and subsequent donation intention as well as future donation intention. Unexpectedly, gratitude towards the organisation was not influenced by the value of the pre-giving incentive but did increase obligation. Originality/value: This research highlights an ethical tension about the use of pre-giving incentives to solicit donations from young consumers: while this strategy is effective, it activates an obligation that can negatively impact young consumers' wellbeing. As such, it also contributes to extending the limited empirical examination of the ethics of fundraising. Theoretically, this research extends understanding of the distinct but simultaneous mechanisms of gratitude and obligation, which has not received sufficient research attention, generated by the norm of reciprocity within the not-for-profit context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue Zones are regions of the world that have a higher number of individuals who live longer than the expected average. The current paper revisits principles previously identified to be common in Blue Zones and to be contributing to longevity (move naturally, eat wisely, improve resilience to stress, get adequate sleep, keep strong family ties, stimulate strong community support, respect for the planet and having a purpose in life'), compares these to the 6 pillars of Lifestyle Medicine (healthy eating, exercising, avoidance of smoking and other risky substances, stress management, restorative sleep, and forming and maintaining relationships) and reviews new studies investigating the association between behavioral factors and longevity. In addition to the role of behavior, the review also discusses the important role of genetics and emphasizes the importance of conducting further research to understand how behavioral and genetic factors may affect molecular pathways with consequent effects on wellbeing and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are increasing mental health concerns in the construction industry workforce, with stress being a primary concern. This qualitative study investigates stress experiences and the management of stress in office-based and on-site workers in the UK building construction sector. This study can provide key insights for construction, but also potentially other industries which struggle with high stress levels among their employees. Methods: A total of 40 semi-structured interviews (20 on-site/20 office-based) were conducted at large-scale building construction projects in the southeast UK. Framework method analysis was used to derive an understanding of stress in the workplace and coping strategies. Results: The study identified two major themes: the negative influence of work stress on personal and professional wellbeing, and the management of stress through proactive and reactive coping strategies. Results indicated that on-site workers frequently cited high workloads, tight deadlines, and safety concerns, whereas office-based workers tended to highlight job complexity and organisational pressures. Both population sub-groups reported stress affecting their work performance, with site-workers having the added concern of physical health and safety. Coping strategies among workers tended to rely on support networks, outside-the-workplace hobbies, and boundary-setting, among others. Conclusions: Stress remains a significant problem in the workplace and affects wellbeing; however, there are ways to mitigate the stress. Our findings could provide a foundation for intervention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main question of this paper is how people may agree in their interpersonal comparisons of wellbeing. These comparisons are important in social ethics and for policy purposes. The paper firstly examines grounds for convergence in easy cases. Then comes a more difficult case of low convergence in order to explore a way to increase it. For this, concepts from the empirical subjective well-being literature are used: life satisfaction and vignettes. Ideas of John Harsanyi and Serge Kolm thereby receive a new look. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines a project aimed at realizing a "Smarter Inclusive Society" by 2050 through the integration of AI robots into various public facilities. Led by the Cabinet Office's "Moonshot Research and Development Program," the project focuses on developing Adaptable AI-enabled Robots that enhance self-efficacy by supporting users' abilities while maintaining their sense of independence. Key to the project is the Robotic Nimbus, a soft and flexible robot designed to provide tailored assistance while preserving user agency. The concept of "Adaptable AI-enabled Robots" is introduced to ensure versatility in accommodating user needs and preferences. In addition to physical assistance, the project emphasizes creating engaging experiences through activities like dance and sports, fostering excitement and inclusivity. Collaborations, such as the "Yes We Dance!" performance, demonstrate the potential of AI technology in enhancing rehabilitation opportunities and promoting social participation. By 2050, the project aims to establish a society where AI robots contribute to mental, physical, and social wellbeing, empowering individuals to engage in independent activities and fostering a vibrant, inclusive community. This paper is a compilation of articles/papers/presentations previously presented on the Moonshot Hirata project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper extends the Framework for Service Driven-driven Social Community by the inclusion of value co-creation, taken from the Service-Dominant Logic, and test the corresponding hypotheses. We, following a quantitative approach, surveyed members of two social communities, one in Africa, another in South America. We applied Structural Equation Modelling. The results validate almost all the Modified Model in the two samples and reinforce its potential to increase both self and collective wellbeing. Within the Framework, there are just a few relationships of different magnitude between one and the other community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes still contain nicotine and other harmful chemicals that can negatively impact adolescent health. E-cigarette use by adolescents is associated with an increased risk of transitioning to smoking traditional cigarettes, as well as negative impacts on their overall wellbeing. Numerous factors contribute to the rise in e-cigarette use among adolescents. By acquiring a more profound comprehension of the concerns about e-cigarettes in young populations, researchers can formulate more efficacious preventative and intervention techniques to diminish e-cigarette consumption among adolescents and alleviate any health risks linked to their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standardized testing of academic knowledge is common in many developed countries. In Australia, the process implemented is the National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). The stand-alone tests were introduced in 2008 for several educational and political reasons, and since that time, the results of this assessment have been used beyond their initial purpose and brought about an unintended consequence of making the tests high-stakes. The pressure of these assessments has the potential to impact student's wellbeing, but little research has been done in this area and even less where the student's perspectives are considered. This research examined the impact of NAPLAN testing on the wellbeing of 1,015 students in Years 3 and 5 across 23 school sites within metropolitan Perth in Western Australia through three iterations. This research gave students the opportunity to draw or write how they felt about NAPLAN as a participatory approach to hearing children's voices in research. This paper reports on the two-stage analysis of the 917 drawn images provided. Stage 1 analysis by two researchers categorized the images as initially positive, negative, or mixed/neutral and identified the impact across the cohorts of students was not significantly negative with an average of 22.5% of the images coded as negative. Stage 2 involved detailed systematic content analysis examining the actors, locations, and emotions of the drawings, which indicated high levels of stress and anxiety for a small number of these students. It was evident that the tests can have a negative impact on the wellbeing of some students and this finding requires consideration by policymakers and curriculum teams engaged with writing, implementing, and assessing NAPLAN as well as those using the results for both intended and unintended purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]