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As the physical and mental development of the young is not only influenced by the parent-child relationship (PR) and the student's academic performance, but also moderated by trait coping styles (TCS), the changes between these three during the online learning period in an epidemic need to be reconsidered. This study aims to explore the factors affecting online learning satisfaction (OLS) among students and their interaction with parent-child relationship and trait coping style. A web-based questionnaire was employed, encompassing general information, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), and queries related to OLS. A total of 1,287 valid questionnaires were collected, with 593 from junior high school students, 197 from high school students, and 497 from university students. Our findings indicate that parent-child relationship (PR), positive coping style (PCS), and learning status (LS) showed a positive correlation with OLS (r=0.110, P

This article adopts a human rights approach to observe Japan’s policy on releasing nuclear contaminated water into the Pacific Ocean. It aims to provide a new discourse for stakeholders to push Japan to deal with Fukushima’s water in a responsible way. In doing so, it needs to elucidate an important normative question, namely whether a State has extraterritorial human rights obligations, given that international human rights law was traditionally perceived to deal with relationship between a State and its population. This stereotype would frustrate the world people to challenge the Japan’s decision based on human rights. In the era of economic globalization, however, there is an increasing need for the extraterritorial application of human rights treaties. Human rights theory and practice have gradually developed the jurisprudence on extraterritorial obligations of States based on an interpretation of jurisdiction. Such an approach has expanded from regulating State overseas military actions to tackling trans-boundary environmental harms. In the latter sense, the Fukushima incident is a good case, which urgently calls for a comprehensive examination of Japan’s extraterritorial human rights obligations. This article undertakes such a task by providing a logical interpretation of human rights treaty provisions. It is argued that the release of nuclear contaminated water entails a variety of extraterritorial obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights on the part of Japan.

Abstract Selective oxidation is still a challenge for targeted conversion of biomass derived substance to high‐value added products. Herein we report an efficient electrochemical strategy to transform phenol into p‐benzoquinone, by tandem oxidations of CuSO4 and CoSO4 catalysts in an electrolyte. Co3+ generated at the anode from oxidation of Co2+ diffuses to the solution and reacts with phenol to form hydroquinone, which is subsequently oxidized by Cu2+ in the solution selectively to p‐benzoquinone. The active metal ions (Cu2+ and Co3+) are continuously regenerated at the anode through electrooxidation and the targeted p‐benzoquinone is accumulated in the electrolyte solution. The Ultraviolet‐visible spectra and electrochemical test results reveal that Cu2+ reacts with hydroquinone immediately, and p‐benzoquinone remains stable in CuSO4 solution. By optimizing catalyst concentrations and reaction temperatures (0.2 M CuSO4, 0.005 M CoSO4 and 50 °C), the highest p‐benzoquinone yield was improved to 47 %. The developed copper‐cobalt co‐catalyzed system provides a promising approach to selectively prepare high‐value benzoquinone compounds under mild reaction conditions.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs, or Nav) are important determinants of action potential generation and propagation. Efforts are underway to develop medicines targeting different channel subtypes for the treatment of related channelopathies. However, a high degree of conservation across its nine subtypes could lead to the off-target adverse effects on skeletal and cardiac muscles due to acting on primary skeletal muscle sodium channel Nav1.4 and cardiac muscle sodium channel Nav1.5, respectively. For a long evolutionary process, some peptide toxins from venoms have been found to be highly potent yet selective on ion channel subtypes and, therefore, hold the promising potential to be developed into therapeutic agents. In this research, all-atom molecular dynamic methods were used to elucidate the selective mechanisms of an analgesic-antitumor β-scorpion toxin (AGAP) with human Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 in order to unravel the primary reason for the production of its adverse reactions on the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Our results suggest that the rational distribution of residues with ring structures near position 38 and positive residues in the C-terminal on AGAP are critical factors to ensure its analgesic efficacy. Moreover, the substitution for residues with benzene is beneficial to reduce its side effects.