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Charlotte Salomon and the Theatre of Memory Griselda Pollock Yale University Press, 2018, 544 pp. ISBN 9780300100723, $60 hardcover. Eminent British art historian Griselda Pollock's study of Charlotte Salomons vast [...]

I guess the Germans moved on and I didn't. --MIRIAM KATIN, Letting It Go Comics memoirs have the 'potential... to open up new and troubled spaces,' as Gillian Whitlock has [...]

Life? or Theatre? (Leben? oder Theater?) Charlotte Salomon Translated by Leila Vennewitz, 1981, including the full 'Letter to Amadeus Daberlohn,' translated by Darcy Buerkle and Mary Felstiner, 2017. Overlook Duckworth, [...]

Background: Currently, the capacity to provide buprenorphine treatment (BT) is not sufficient to treat the growing number of people in the United States with opioid use disorder (OUD). We sought to examine participant retention in care rates of primary care delivered BT programs and to describe factors associated with retention/attrition for participants receiving BT in this setting. Objectives: A PRISMA-guided search of various databases was performed to identify the articles focusing on efficacy of BT treatment and OUD. Method: A systematic literature search identified 15 studies examining retention in care in the primary care setting between 2002 and 2020. Random effects meta-regression were used to identify retention rates across studies. Results: Retention rates decreased across time with a mean 0.52 rate at one year. Several factors were found to be related to retention, including: race, use of other drugs, receipt of counseling, and previous treatment with buprenorphine. Conclusions: While we only investigate BT through primary care, our findings indicate retention rates are equivalent to the rates reported in the specialty care literature. More work is needed to examine factors that may impact primary care delivered BT specifically and differentiate participants that may benefit from care delivered in specialty over primary care as well as the converse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a requirement for an objective method to determine a safe level of low‐level military occupational blast, having recognised it can lead to neurological damage. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of artillery firing training on the neurochemistry of frontline soldiers using two‐dimensional (2D) COrrelated SpectroscopY (2D COSY) in a 3‐T clinical MR scanner. Ten men considered to be of sound health were evaluated before and after a week‐long live firing exercise in two ways. Prior to the live fire exercise, all participants were screened by a clinical psychologist using a combination of clinical interviews and psychometric tests, and were then scanned with 3‐T MRI. The protocols included T1‐ and T2‐weighted images for diagnostic reporting and anatomical localisation and 2D COSY to record any neurochemical effects from the firing. No changes to the structural MRI were recorded. Nine substantive and statistically significant changes in the neurochemistry were recorded as a consequence of firing training. Glutamine and glutamate, glutathione, and two of the seven fucose‐α (1–2)‐glycans were significantly increased. N‐acetyl aspartate, myo‐inositol + creatine, and glycerol were also increased. Significant decreases were recorded for the glutathione cysteine moiety and tentatively assigned glycan with a 1–6 linkage (F2: 4.00, F1: 1.31 ppm). These molecules are part of three neurochemical pathways at the terminus of the neurons providing evidence of early markers of disruption to neurotransmission. Using this technology, the extent of deregulation can now be monitored for each frontline defender on a personalised basis. The capacity to monitor early a disruption in neurotransmitters, using the 2D COSY protocol, can observe the effect of firing and may be used to prevent or limit these events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic biology is an emerging, interdisciplinary research field with much promise for biomedicine. Broadly defined as "the design and construction of new biological systems to perform specific tasks," researchers and clinicians are using synthetic biology to develop targeted treatments for cancer, coronaviruses, and so forth. Because of the experimental nature of synthetic biology, regulation is necessary. Current federal frameworks, such as the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act, The Toxic Substances Act of 1976, Institutional Review Boards, and self-regulation are not enough. As a result, states have a unique opportunity to develop statutory and regulatory frameworks to develop a pathway for regulating synthetic biology. In developing legislation, state lawmakers should look to build a comprehensive framework that addresses businesses selling technology for synthesizing DNA codes, monitors orders for synthetic DNA, and develops statewide documentation systems. Additionally, public health information on treatments using synthetic biology can help to educate the public and reduce the prevalence of misconceptions about the technology. In the absence of federal regulation, states should step into the synthetic biology regulatory space to ensure that their citizens are not harmed by therapies developed using synthetic biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship of tissue chemistry to breast density and cancer risk has not been documented despite breast density being a known risk factor. Purpose: To investigate whether distinct chemical profiles associated with breast density and cancer risk are identified in healthy breast tissue using in vivo two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY). Study Type: Prospective. Population: One‐hundred‐seven participants including 55 at low risk and 52 at high risk of developing breast cancer. Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T/ axial/ T1, T2, 2D COSY. Assessment Two radiologists defined breast density on T2. Interobserver variability assessed. Peak volumes normalized to methylene at (1.30, 1.30) ppm as internal shift reference. Statistical Tests: Chi‐squared/Mann–Whitney/Kappa statistics/Kruskal Wallis/pairwise analyses. Significance level 0.05. Results: Ten percentage were fatty breasts, 39% scattered fibroglandular, 35% heterogeneously dense, and 16% extremely dense. Interobserver variability was excellent (kappa = 0.817). Sixty percentage (64/107) were premenopausal. Four distinct tissue chemistry categories were identified: low‐density (LD)/premenopausal, high‐density (HD)/premenopausal, LD/postmenopausal, and HD/postmenopausal. Compared to LD, HD breast chemistry showed significant increases of cholesterol (235%) and lipid unsaturation (33%). In the low‐risk category, postmenopausal women with dense breasts recorded the largest significant changes including cholesterol methyl 540%, lipid unsaturation 207%, glutamine/glutamate 900%, and choline/phosphocholine 800%. In the high‐risk cohort, premenopausal women with HD recorded a more active chemical profile with significant increases in choline/phosphocholine 1100%, taurine/glucose 550% and cholesterol sterol 250%. Data Conclusion: Four distinct chemical profiles were identified in healthy breast tissue based on breast density and menopausal status in participants at low and high risk. Gradual increase in neutral lipid content and metabolites was noted in both risk groups across categories in different order. In low risk, the HD postmenopausal category exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while women at high risk exhibited the highest lipid content and metabolic activity in the HD premenopausal category. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]