Search

We study a newsvendor problem with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the disposal stage regulated by a cap-and-trade policy. We first consider a synchronous version of the problem where the replenishment period and the emission assessment period are the same. For this problem, we propose simple algorithms to derive the optimal quantity and cost for both continuous and discrete demand distributions. We show that ignoring the carbon tax may lead to large overcost, especially when the GHG quota is small. For a normally distributed demand, we also show that the demand standard deviation has a non-linear and non-monotonic effect on the order quantity. We then investigate an asynchronous version of the problem where replenishment decisions occur at a higher frequency than the quota allocation. We formulate this lot sizing problem as a Markov decision process and solve it with a dynamic programming algorithm whose complexity is assessed. Through a numerical experimentation and theoretical results, we demonstrate how and when the flexibility of the optimal dynamic replenishment decisions allows to reduce costs. When approaching the end of the time horizon, the uncertainty reduction allows the decision maker to adopt a riskier policy and order larger quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In La Moitié de la Gloire, Axel Mayenfisch's documentary about the 1952 Swiss expedition to Chomolungma (Mount Everest), André Roch recalls how the retreating climbers simply abandoned much of their gear, either leaving it where it was or "throwing it into holes [crevasses]." Roch's tale was by no means unusual, as mountaineers at that time gave little thought to what became of their waste. By the 1970s, however, climbers were becoming increasingly aware of their impact on the environment. The resulting change of attitude led many mountaineering organizations to take concrete steps to protect the mountains (e.g., cleanup campaigns) and to issue waste management guidelines for trips into the high mountains. The Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme 1982 Kathmandu Declaration—a charter of ten principles for achieving greater harmony with the mountain environment—was an important milestone in this process. Drawing on documents held in the extensive archives of the Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme, the current paper retraces the path that led to the Kathmandu Declaration and the process by which the environment became an important aspect of the aforementioned organization's work. It also examines the hypothesis that the organization has progressively adopted a conservationist stance toward protecting nature; its aim is to reconcile environmental protection and economic development (especially tourism). The history of the Kathmandu Declaration supports this hypothesis, as it shows how the notion of sustainable development, which emerged in the 1980s, came to dominate conceptions of mountain protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the experiences and impact of the Paralympic School Day program on disability-related perceptions of rural high school students. Methods: Ninth- and tenth-grade physical education classes from a rural high school participated in the Paralympic School Day event. Of the 68 who attended the event, 42 students furnished assent and consent to participate. Data from reflective writing responses were analyzed inductively using a three-step approach. Findings: The analysis revealed three interrelated themes: (a) "I didn't expect it to be fun": preconceptions and reality of trying parasport, (b) "Anyone can play a sport": developing new perceptions of disability, and (c) "I never realized how blessed I was": persistence of ableist framing. Discussion: As a result of participants interacting with and learning from athletes with physical disabilities, they developed an understanding of parasport and a new paradigm through which to view individuals with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of solid waste management (SWM) in public secondary schools within the Municipality of Matnog, Sorsogon, during the school year 2021-2022. The research focused on four key aspects of SWM: waste minimization, waste segregation, waste storage and collection, and waste disposal, as perceived by students, teachers, and school administrators. Additionally, the study sought to identify significant differences in perceptions among these groups and to propose an intensified action plan based on the findings. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire adapted from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) manual. The study involved 213 respondents, including school principals, assistant principals, head teachers, and students from four public secondary schools. Data were analyzed using weighted mean and ANOVA to determine the level of implementation and the significance of differences in perceptions among respondents. The results revealed varying levels of SWM implementation across the four domains. School administrators generally perceived the implementation as highly implemented, while teachers and students perceived it as moderately to slightly implemented. Significant differences were found between the perceptions of students, teachers, and administrators in waste minimization, storage, collection, and disposal, but not in waste segregation. The study underscores the need for an intensified SWM action plan to address the disparities in implementation and to enhance waste management practices in the schools and the broader community. These findings provide valuable insights for the Department of Education, local government units, and other stakeholders to strengthen SWM efforts in public secondary schools in Matnog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cosmetic products is expanding globally, and with it, so is the range of chemical substances employed in their production. As a result, there is also a higher risk of intoxication, allergic reactions, prolonged chemical exposure, adverse effects, and indiscriminate use. Cosmetic products can contain more than 10,000 ingredients. Most users of synthetic cosmetics are unaware of the harmful effects if they even are. However, it is linked to many diseases like cancer, congenital disabilities, reproductive impairments, developmental systems, contact dermatitis, hair loss, lung damage, old age, skin diseases and reactions, allergies, and harm to human nails. Many beauty products also create a high demand for natural oils, leading to extensive and intensive cultivation, harming natural habitats through deforestation, and contaminating soil and water through pesticides and fertilizers. The adverse effects of hazardous substances in synthetic cosmetics extend beyond human health and influence ecosystems, air quality, and oceans. Thus, this review aims to assess the environmental and health impacts of cosmetics using published scientific articles. The study used a systematic review based on Scopus, Science Direct, Web databases, Scholar Google, and PubMed. The results of this review showed that the formulation of cosmetics until the disposal of their containers could adversely affect environmental and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on the drivers of flooding in sub-Saharan Africa is mostly focused on large and megacities, despite the majority of cities in the region being medium- and small-sized. We conducted a systematic review using 27 peer-reviewed scientific papers selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols using the Greater Kumasi Metropolitan Area (GKMA), Ghana, as a case study, and validated the results in a workshop attended by 51 stakeholders. We found that the reported drivers of flood risk in GKMA are land cover changes (61.5%) (e.g. wetlands degradation); governance challenges (16.2%); challenges with drainage (13%); extreme rainfall (6.5%); and apathy towards nature (3.2%). We conclude that floods in GKMA are overwhelmingly human induced through unsustainable urbanization processes that are so rapid that city authorities are unable to properly control them. Also, a holistic understanding of flood risk is missing since majority of the included papers rather used qualitative methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious healthcare waste (IHCW) poses a significant biohazard and public health risk. This study examines IHCW formation and influencing factors in Hungarian inpatient healthcare institutions. Factors such as hospital type, regional location, indicators related to patient traffic, educational activity, patients of certain types of medical specialties, and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) were examined. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods identified significant predictors of IHCW occurrence. The generation rate of IHCW ranged from 0.15 to 0.81 kg/bed/day nationally, and it increased by 40.74% between 2017 and 2021, significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The data also showed that as the number of beds increased, the IHCW production rate increased proportionally. The results indicate that IHCW generation rates vary significantly by hospital type, with university hospitals producing the most waste. The incidence of HAI multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections emerged as the primary driver of IHCW generation, along with educational activity, the number of intensive care unit patients, and regional differences. The Southern Great Plain region had the highest IHCW production (0,42 kg/bed/day) among the seven regions studied. The study highlights the critical impact of HAI MDR infections on IHCW production, emphasizing the need for targeted waste management in high-risk areas. Regional differences indicate the necessity for tailored strategies to address local waste management challenges. This study provides essential insights into IHCW formation and influencing factors in Hungary, offering valuable information for policy and practice. Implications: Nowadays, one of the main problems related to waste management is the uncontrollable amount of waste generated in the healthcare sector. Infectious healthcare waste (IHCW) represents a significant biological hazard and a high public health risk, both on an individual and a community level, so a more precise knowledge of these risks is extremely important. In the Central European region, very few studies have dealt with the infectious waste generated in the healthcare sector, and this is the first such research in Hungary. The primary aim of this study is to measure the amount of IHCW produced in various regions and hospital types in Hungary, and to examine the general and specific factors that affect the generation rate of this waste. The findings reveal that IHCW generation rates (GR) vary considerably across different hospital types and regions. This highlights the need for targeted waste management practices in individual institutions. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of developing region-specific waste management strategies in view of regional inequalities. A crucial insight from the study is that the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, has the most significant impact on IHCW GR, surpassing other known factors. This suggests that effective control of HAIs, especially MDR bacterial infections, can lead to a substantial reduction in IHCW. The study also showed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic not only on the production of IHCW, but also on individual influencing factors. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for informing policy and practice. By understanding the specific factors influencing IHCW production, policymakers and healthcare practitioners can develop more effective waste management policies and practices. This highlights the need for tailored waste management strategies that take into account the unique characteristics of each hospital type and geographic region, ultimately reducing the healthcare waste burden and providing a healthier and safer environment for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, waste management posed escalating challenges attributed to the imprudent disposal of medical waste, notably surgical masks. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken concomitantly to confront the dual concerns of mitigating environmental pollution and managing discarded face masks. The experimental methodology entailed the utilization of filtration chambers featuring surgical mask layers of distinct thicknesses, labeled as Treatment-0 (no mask layer), Treatment-1 (5 mm mask layer), Treatment-2 (10 mm mask layer), and Treatment-3 (15 mm mask layer), to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms from contaminated river water, Buriganga. At the end of the observation, Treatment-3 exhibited the most significant declination (88.15%) of the bacterial population. This treatment also removed most pathogens, including E. Coli (19.85%), total coliform (16.42%), and fecal coliform (12.02%). The findings underscore the significance of modern filtration systems and the efficient, ecologically viable recycling of medical waste, with a specific focus on surgical masks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of waste and the concerns about their ecological and environmental damages are among the grand challenges societies have faced. Therefore, policymakers should highlight effective waste management as one of the pillars of sustainable development. However, the previous frameworks for managing the waste problem have been mainly unsystematic as they neglected the social aspects of the problem in analysing technology development and innovation. Therefore, in this article, the status-quo of Tehran's waste problem (as a case study) was analysed with the new approach of 'Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS),' and policy recommendations are presented accordingly. The research methodology is content analysis of related documents and reports based on a 5-step process. Findings indicate that the weak performance of Tehran's solid waste management originates at the beginning of the waste management cycle and the weak functions of public awareness, standardisation, market formation, and system monitoring guidance. Accordingly, the unstable patterns of industrial production and social behaviour lead to the supply of a large amount of unnecessary and uneconomical waste, and the system's actors are incapable of guiding the system and standardising to change the patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a major oil crop that significantly contributes to the Indonesia's and Malaysia's economic growth. However, oil palm processing for oil extraction generates substantial waste, such as palm kernel cake, palm‐pressed fibre, oil palm empty fruit bunches and palm oil mill effluent, which pose noticeable environmental challenges. This review explores green extraction techniques for palm waste processing, which include microwave‐assisted extraction, deep eutectic solvents, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme‐assisted extraction and subcritical water extraction. The potential for industry scaling, mechanisms, applications and challenges of each technique used for oil palm waste are discussed. Microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are particularly promising for large‐scale production, while deep eutectic solvents paired with ultrasound‐assisted extraction show the potential to improve extraction efficiency. This review also reveals that green extraction techniques are sustainable alternative to conventional techniques by effectively recovering valuable compounds from waste with reduced environmental impact. Additionally, the diverse applications of bioactive compounds (vitamin E, phytosterols, phenolics, polyphenols and flavonoids) extracted from oil palm waste in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries are also presented. Valuable components such as cellulose, dietary fibres and bioactive peptides derived from the waste can be applied in food coatings, high‐protein products and drug delivery systems. Biosorbents, biofuels and biodegradable products derived from the waste would also provide environmental benefits. Future research should focus on optimising the green extraction techniques for industrial use to promote responsible production and circular waste management to foster health and environmental safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The production of functional foods has been on a consistent rise in the past few years. The increasing demand for these foods could play a pivotal role in addressing the escalating issue of food waste and in the creation of innovative food formulations. Utilising by‐products from the food industry has become commonplace due to their advantageous nutritional composition and functional properties. These by‐products retain richness in colour compounds, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, sugars, fibres, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. This abundance of elements can be harnessed to develop innovative food products. This review examines the potential of utilising food industry wastes for producing functional foods, focusing on residues from animal and vegetable origins; such residues find application in creating snacks, beverages, fermented foods, bakery items, dairy products, pasta, charcuterie, chocolate, flavouring agents, additives and culinary innovations. This study seeks to establish a sustainable strategy for minimising food waste disposal, fostering a bio‐based food production industry and enhancing overall sustainability by uncovering alternatives for novel, nutritious and value‐added food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to uncover the underlying social and institutional origins of China's local preemptive environmental protests against developmental projects with negative externalities, which have not been fully investigated by the extant literature on "NIMBY" ("not-in-my-backyard") activism in China. Primarily through the perspective of Karl Polanyi's environmental sociology, this article presents a case study of the 2012 protest in Qidong, Jiangsu province, against an industrial waste disposal pipeline. The case of Qidong shows how local ecology has been deeply embedded in the social context and relations that have historically shaped the economic structures, culinary traditions, and place attachment in the area. Such a nexus between the environment and society in turn significantly impacted the opposition pattern of the local communities, which involved various social strata by triggering their economic and health concerns as well as an emotional response. Moreover, the article finds that the unified cross-class action under the banner of defending public interests was possible in Qidong largely because the actors were all part of the same holistic local ecological system, with shared economic interests, dietary preferences, and cultural identities. This research thus echoes the insights of environmental sociology and argues that it is necessary to take into account the interplay between ecology and locality to understand local environmental politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soldier fly larva (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), presents an attractive waste management solution that not only addresses the issue of waste but also generates alternative proteins and fats. Substrate quality and pre‐treatment by fermentation may play a crucial role in waste reduction efficiency and larval quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and nutritional composition of BSFL rearing using different ratios of coconut endosperm (CE) and soybean curd residue (SC) with pre‐treatment by self‐fermentation (F), fermentation with baker's yeast (Y) and without pre‐treatment (C). Seven‐day‐old larvae were randomly separated into 15 experimental groups with three replicates. The experiment ended when the prepupae appeared. Based on the results, the larvae fed a diet with a high percentage of fresh SC exhibited the highest weight and growth rate, whereas the shortest development time was observed in larvae reared on Y. Pre‐treatment of the substrate with fermentation proved effective in waste reduction. The nutritional composition of the larvae showed that the highest crude protein was produced in larva reared on fresh 100% SC, and the highest ether extract was found when fed CE at 100% with pre‐treatment with F or Y. In conclusion, it is recommended to employ a fresh diet with a high SC content to optimise protein production, whereas a high level of CE with F or Y may be performed to obtain a high ether extract content. However, incorporating yeast fermentation with an SC content exceeding 25% provided high efficiency in waste reduction. Therefore, the selection of the ratio between CE and SC and of pre‐treatment techniques depends on the producer's objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called strength of weak ties (SWT) theory asserts that weak relationships are more instrumental than strong ones in job searching and sharing. Yet, some posit the opposite: job opportunities tend to be shared through strong ties in some business areas. Nevertheless, little empirical research has been conducted to substantiate the hypotheses and unravel the rationales behind them. This paper attempts to contribute empirical evidence to this management field by focusing on the construction waste hauling business in Hong Kong. Four null hypotheses about the relationships between haulers' tie strength and job opportunity sharing (defined as waste hauling order sharing) are proposed, and then a big data set containing 11.7 million waste hauling records is analyzed to test the hypotheses. The analysis shows that, in general, the stronger the tie strength of two haulers, the higher the quantity of job opportunities they share. Among all ties a hauler owns, the greater the proportion of strong ties, the higher the quantity and quality (e.g., shorter distance and less underloading) of job opportunities will be shared. However, these positive effects will be diminished when the strength or proportion exceeds a certain point. These empirical findings not only highlight the strength of strong ties, providing an empirical supplement for the long-standing SWT theory, but also exemplify an exploration of applying SWT theory in the construction management field. Moreover, this study provides practical implications for construction waste hauling businesses to improve efficiency and the public sector to pursue social optimality in construction waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated waste management practices of small businesses in the selected townships of Gauteng province, South Africa. Surveys were conducted by means of questionnaire-administered interviews and primary data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that most businesses generated wastes in the form of plastics (59–75%), cardboards (31–61%), and food remains (21–37%). Approximately 64–68% of small businesses relied on the municipality for waste collection and disposal. By contrast, 10–20% of businesses gave away their recyclable materials to informal waste reclaimers while only a few were recycling (7–14%) or reusing (6–12%) their wastes, respectively. The survey found a significant association between the formality of businesses and certain types of wastes that they were generating, namely, office paper, glass, metals, food items, and other waste materials. Based on these findings, some recommendations are suggested for improving existing waste management practices and maximising waste reduction efforts in the townships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing importance of repurposing waste ash from biomass power plants as a fertilizer material is evident. This study systematically investigates the feasibility of employing manure ash obtained from a biomass power plant for applications in fertilizer production. In this study, initially, waste poultry manure ash (PMA) was attempted to be modified by HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 to enhance the solubility of plant nutrients in its composition. SEM and XRD were used for the molecular and chemical characterization of the ash samples. The ash samples modified with acid were comparatively tested with triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP) to determine their effects on the growth and nutrition of lettuce plants. The long-term use of ash and ash-derived fertilizer materials and whether they create a negative impact on soils have been determined through a simulation study. The most effective modification on the water solubility of nutrient elements, especially P, in PMA samples is achieved through modification with H2SO4. Similarly, in the plant experiment, PMA + H2SO4 treatment is superior to TSP. In the simulation study, it has been observed that the direct application of PMA in the long term further increases the pH in calcareous and high-pH soils, and the PMA + H2SO4 application is the most suitable for maintaining soil pH stability. It is well understood that effective recycling of PMA can provide an economical and alternative source of phosphorus. Additionally, PMA serves as a significant fertilizer due to the presence of other essential plant nutrients in its composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the intention of waste pickers to participate in waste picker cooperatives. According to research, cooperatives improve waste pickers' quality of life. However, it is unclear how waste pickers perceive and interpret what is provided to them and if these advantages affect their attitudes and intentions. We provide a unique theoretical model that explains waste pickers' intentions to join cooperatives by incorporating the theory of planned behavior. A total of 112 waste pickers, consisting of both Turkish individuals and immigrants, were included in the data collection process. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, utilizing multi-group analysis by including social exclusion and nationality as moderators. One of the most striking findings is that pickers' feeling of control over their planned action does not affect their intention to join cooperatives without an attitude. To clarify, waste pickers must initially develop a positive attitude towards perceiving the joining behavior as effortless. Our research also shows that socially excluded people trust and value cooperatives more, regardless of their nationality. This pioneering study on waste pickers' willingness to join cooperatives and other novel findings will benefit scholars and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vietnam suffers from a distressing predicament: It ranks among the most heavily contaminated nations on earth. Its coastal and marine domains are plagued by an excess of plastic waste. Vietnam has consistently discharged a substantial amount of waste into the oceans, ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 million metric tons annually. Numerous areas have emerged as focal points of plastic pollution throughout its extensive seashore and marine areas. The escalating presence of marine litter poses an increasingly grave threat to the intricate equilibrium of Vietnam's marine ecosystems. This comprehensive policy study reveals that the mounting problem of ocean plastic pollution, characterized by the abundance of floating plastic debris, imperils both plant and animal life, placing various marine species such as seabirds, fish, turtles, and cetaceans at risk. The consumption of minuscule plastic particles and the harmful impact of chemical pollutants from plastic waste in the ocean not only endangers the vitality of marine life but also poses a substantial hazard to human well‐being because plastic waste infiltrates the food chain. This research reveals that, despite the existence of numerous laws and policies—including the Law on Environmental Protection 2020, the Marine Plastic Waste Management Initiative for the Fisheries Sector 2020–2030, and the National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter—a significant amount of plastic waste is infiltrating the river network and eventually infiltrating oceans as a result of improper monitoring and ineffective enforcement of these legislations. Relying primarily on existing data released by the government and other sources and a wide range of gray literature retrieved from reputable databases, this study aims to evaluate the role of Vietnam's legal framework for combating the critical issue of marine plastic pollution in the South China Sea. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2088–2106. © 2024 SETAC Key Points: Vietnam has consistently discharged a substantial amount of waste into the oceans, ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 million metric tons annually.Vietnam is responsible for 60% of the plastic pollution in the South China Sea.Marine litter threatens the intricate equilibrium of marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the efficacy of green betel leaf (Piper betle Linn) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts as natural disinfectants in the medical waste recycling process in Indonesia. The research aims to provide a sustainable alternative to chemical disinfectants, such as chlorine, by optimizing the dosage and contact time for effective microbial reduction. The study focused on the disinfection of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus as bioindicators, evaluating the impact of varying disinfectant concentrations on key environmental parameters, including pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The findings indicate that a 0.5% concentration with a 30-minute contact time is optimal for reducing Bacillus subtilis, while higher concentrations are required for effective Staphylococcus reduction. Additionally, the study reveals that higher disinfectant concentrations lower pH and increase TDS, posing potential challenges for wastewater management. These results highlight the potential of natural disinfectants to enhance the sustainability of medical waste management practices in Indonesia, though further research is needed to address the environmental and regulatory challenges associated with their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of 2020, Talang Gulo Landfill Site 1 in Jambi City was officially closed due to overcapacity. Municipal solid waste disposal has shifted to the Talang Gulo site 2 with a life expectancy of ± 90 years based on the design plan. However, this is difficult to realize because segregation and composting are not optimal, so more than 90% of the waste transported to the final processing site (TPA) is in a landfill. Thus, landfill mining was executed to utilize excavated landfill waste as a material and energy. It was carried out at depths of 3, 5, and 7 meters with an estimated sample age of > 9 years. The mixed landfill samples contained 55.6-66.2% moisture content, 50.3-80.6% volatile content, 19.4-49.7% ash content, 2.6-4.2% fixed carbon, and 3.5-5.7 MJ/kg calorific value. Furthermore, the landfill waste was dried using the biodrying method, combining fresh and landfill waste in the pile composition. The ratio of landfill waste to the addition of fresh waste is 1:0 (control pile), 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The drying method reduced moisture content of 9-29.1% with a lower calorific value of 5-6.8 MJ/kg. Based on statistical analysis, it is known that waste ratio has a significant effect on moisture content. Based on the weighting results, the optimum mixture ratio is 1:1 (pile 2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste mismanagement occurs in the canal catchment area due to uneven waste transportation services, allowing waste to leak into the canal. This research aims to identify catchment areas of the canal with the potential for waste mismanagement, estimate the amount of waste that could enter the channels and compare the results with the density of floating waste above the channel. The research method involves spatial analysis using GIS, incorporating various variables such as land use, building data for population and waste generation calculations, road network data for channel access, and service area data for garbage truck transportation. Next, we conduct an overlay analysis to create a zone map of potential littering areas in the channel, accompanied by an estimate of the waste amount. Furthermore, we used aerial mapping with a UAV as comparative data to monitor the density of floating waste. The results indicate that approximately 296 hectares of land, a potential zone for waste disposal into canals, generate 161,750 litres daily, accounting for 33% of the total waste generation in the water catchment area. This research successfully detected the density of floating waste at the top of the canal, particularly in four areas of the potential zone: Sambung Jawa Ward, Bontorannu Ward, Balang Baru Ward, and Pa'baengbaeng Ward, proves that there is mismanagement of waste on land. This situation demonstrates the need to address waste mismanagement by examining regional zones with access to a waste bank as an alternative solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that 60% of Ukraine's population resides in urban areas, socio-economic and environmental modernization of the country's regions is indispensable for sustainable development. This study addresses the factors characterized by various challenges that impede the sustainable development of urbanized territories in Ukraine. The aim of this research is to analyze the conditions necessary for ensuring sustainable development, using the Odesa industrial-urban agglomeration as a case study. The methodological framework of this article relies on a critical analysis of existing assessments of the conditions for sustainable development in urbanized territories of Ukraine, alongside our own research findings on this issue. Preservation of a favorable natural environment and efficient resource utilization are fundamental principles underpinning the sustainable development of urbanized areas. To actualize these principles, a comprehensive set of measures is proposed to enhance the quality of the air basin, natural waters, soil cover, geological environment, and urban biocenosis. Additionally, an effective waste management system is advocated. Furthermore, strategies for conserving and expanding green spaces, which play a pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on the environment, enhancing air quality, and improving the well-being of urban residents, are delineated. Horizontal and vertical landscaping initiatives further enhance the aesthetic appeal of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating global population and subsequent demand for agricultural products have led to a surge in agricultural waste generation, posing significant disposal challenges. Conventional disposal methods such as burning and dumping not only harm the environment but also jeopardize human health and safety. Recognizing the urgent need for sustainable waste management, researchers have increasingly focused on repurposing agricultural plant waste as a valuable resource. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the potential of agricultural plant waste in wealth creation and sustainable development. It highlights the detrimental impacts of current disposal methods and emphasizes the necessity for alternative approaches. By analyzing the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of plant fibers, particularly cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, this review underscores their suitability for diverse applications. Moreover, it explores the emerging trend of utilizing pineapple leaf fiber, a sustainable and lightweight material, in structural applications, such as UAV construction. With its exceptional mechanical properties and biodegradability, pineapple leaf fiber holds promise as a viable alternative to traditional materials, contributing to a more sustainable future. In conclusion, this review advocates for a paradigm shift towards embracing agricultural plant waste as a valuable asset for economic prosperity and environmental sustainability. It underscores the importance of continued research and technological advancements to unlock the full potential of agricultural waste in fostering a circular economy and driving sustainable development globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Municipal waste management (MWM) poses significant challenges in the context of rapid urbanisation and population growth. Accurate forecasting of waste production is crucial for designing sustainable waste management strategies. However, traditional forecasting methods often struggle to capture the complexities of waste generation dynamics. This paper proposes a novel methodology leveraging deep learning techniques to forecast municipal waste production. By harnessing the power of deep neural networks, our approach transcends the limitations of conventional models, providing more accurate and impactful predictions. We integrate heterogeneous data sources, including demographic and territorial information, into a comprehensive graph representation of municipalities. Graph Neural Networks are then employed to extract intricate spatial and temporal patterns from the graph structure. Empirical validation through a case study in the Apulia region demonstrates the effectiveness of our methodology in furnishing accurate forecasts for waste production. Our framework is adaptable and scalable, making it suitable for application across diverse geographical areas. This research contributes to advancing waste management practices by providing stakeholders with actionable insights for informed decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Operating rooms generate 1.8 million tons of waste annually, or 20%‒30% of the total healthcare waste in the United States. Our objective was to perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) for endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESSs) in order to analyze its environmental impact.A comprehensive LCA of ESS was performed considering energy, climate, and water use impacts associated with the materials and processes used. It focuses on the ESS performed at a large tertiary academic hospital and then extends the impacts to consider annual US surgeries. The assessment considers end‐of‐life waste management at both landfills and incinerators.Single‐use instrument production constitutes 89%‒96% of the total impacts throughout the life cycle of an ESS. Waste‐to‐energy incineration is shown to be a preferred end‐of‐life destination, as it recovers much of the input production energy of plastic items, ultimately reducing the input to 36%, although this is done at the expense of higher greenhouse gas emissions. For multi‐use items, decontamination dominates environmental impact (>99% of totals), but consideration of reusable items reduces overall energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) by 25%‒33%.Single‐use items dominate the total environmental impact of ESS. While multi‐use items require additional decontamination over their lifetimes, results show that their incorporation reduces energy consumption and GWP by 25%‒33%, demonstrating the clear environmental benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing concern about environmental sustainability and increasing fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) generation have stimulated research into their potential valorization. This paper explores using this type of waste to obtain beneficial antioxidants in various fields of study. It is imperative to delve into the problems associated with FVW, shedding light on the staggering amounts generated and the environmental and economic challenges of waste disposal. The biochemical composition of FVW reveals the diverse array of components present, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and of course antioxidants, which can be obtained through different extraction methods, depending on the conditions, the efficiency and the purpose that is required during the process of separation of these compounds from the organic matter. Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals, which contributes to combating various conditions and diseases to promote and preserve human health. Several groups of antioxidants have been described, such as polyphenolic compounds in significant amounts in plant biomass as FVW. These antioxidants demonstrate benefits, efficacy and potential applications in industries like medicine, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and functional foods. The valorization of FVW as a source of antioxidants presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management and the production of natural antioxidants. This approach contributes to environmental preservation and promotes circular economy principles by transforming waste into valuable resources. This paper provides valuable insights into the vast potential of FVW valorization for antioxidant production and its application across diverse industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations, through its subsidiary agency United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), has put in such resources to curb infant mortality in pursuit of the Sustainable development goals (SDG). Nevertheless, the issue of under-five mortality is still persistent in so many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study investigated the long-term and short-term impacts of solid waste, urbanization, and pollution on under-five mortality, employing the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the dynamic Autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) models for the empirical investigations and robustness checks, respectively. The study found that there is significant cointegration between the interest variables. While key findings from the DARDL results revealed that pollution, urbanization, and solid waste have long-term significant positive impacts on under-five mortality in Nigeria, the short-run outcome shows that urbanization and solid waste had a significant positive impact on under-five mortality, while pollution was statistically insignificant. Moreover, lead exposure showed a significant long-term positive and short-term negative impact on under-five mortality in Nigeria. Furthermore, the DARDL simulations show higher long-run shocks and variations as compared to the short run. Thus, CO2 emissions, urbanization, and solid waste encourage under-five deaths in Nigeria. The study recommends, among other things, the enactment of environmental laws that will curb CO2 emissions in the country while also strengthening the existing ones, discourage indiscriminate solid waste disposal, and encourage investment in clean technologies and modern healthcare facilities in urban areas of Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in volume and variety of solid waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization has become an intractable problem for the public and private sectors, making it difficult to ensure effective and sustainable waste management. The study sought to understand the perspective of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal residents on their perceived influence of municipal waste management on economic development. The study used a quantitative techniques approach, with a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 255 respondents. The quantitative question aimed to determine if the influence was positive or negative, and the Likert scale question had a scale of 1 to 5. This research identified various types of waste, assessed challenges, and evaluated waste's potential for resource creation. The study concluded that municipal waste includes organic, paper, plastic, metal, glass, food, garden, hazardous, construction, demolition, and non-recyclable waste. Environmental pollution is a major challenge, and 26 factors positively influence waste to wealth. Waste to wealth can be achieved through social behavior, education/knowledge, MSWM governance, and economic feasibility for MSWM. The research also highlighted the importance of land attributes, budget allocation, trained personnel, and government regulations. The framework proposed aims to minimize urban poverty while preserving the environment and supporting the present urban economy. Urban communities can utilize solid waste management as a mechanism to foster economic development. The fundamental question is whether stakeholders will continue to ignore waste's potential demands and benefits for urban economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rapid urbanization has significantly impacted carbon emissions in rural areas, driving the need for region-specific carbon management strategies to achieve the country's dual carbon goals. However, previous research has primarily focused on large urban centers, leaving a gap in understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions at the county level in rural regions. This study focuses on the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province and develops a county-level carbon emission accounting system based on geographic, socio-economic, and land-use data. The carbon emissions are categorized into energy, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste management. Key findings indicate that industrial and residential sectors are the primary contributors to carbon emissions, with Xi'an being the largest emitter. Carbon emission intensity follows a ranking of Xi'an < Weinan < Baoji < Xianyang < Tongchuan. Spatial patterns show a "core-edge" distribution, with higher emissions in urban centers and lower emissions in rural areas. The study also highlights the carbon sink potential in the southern Qinling National Park. This research provides a valuable framework for rural low-carbon development and offers critical insights for policymakers aiming to balance carbon reduction and economic growth in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper hospital waste management poses important concerns due to the risk capacity of hospital waste to health and the environment. Healthcare management approaches have changed in recent years, motivated by the desire to minimize the environmental impact. The review aims to examine the current HCW and considers the local challenges associated with establishing a circular economy (CE) to improve hospital waste management regarding training along Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA). The study found that mean medical and general waste segregation rates in public hospitals were 50.15 and 49.85, respectively. On average, 3.6 kg of waste was generated per bed per day. Analysis revealed a significant correlation between total waste and infectious waste with the number of occupied beds in the hospital (p < 0.05). Updating national laws by the CE approach is necessary. Our insights into circular hospital waste urge establishing a green management team, new training methods, and continuous supervision. Using PDCA to enhance waste segregation, training, and other aspects of hospital waste management is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical waste management is a crucial issue due to its potential health risks to humans and harm to the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) advises separating medical waste into seven groups based on its type. However, despite the implementation of color-coded bin bags, cases of missegregation still occur frequently, leading to injuries and spreading diseases. Infectious waste such as sharps, human tissue, and body parts are often found mixed in waste bins, posing a severe threat to waste employees. To address this issue, this paper proposes exploring the potential of digitalization in waste segregation. The literature on current segregation methods and technology applications is analysed and compared, and a framework for utilizing barcode tagging and scanning to ensure waste is correctly categorized is presented. The barcodes and scanner will be connected through a monitoring system, which can notify waste generators and collectors of misplacing or mixed waste. This digitalization system is expected to serve as a monitoring agent for segregating waste before it is collected from any health facilities. Additionally, the exchanged data from waste generator bins can inform collectors and other waste stakeholders about the waste's condition, potentially opening up opportunities for recycling companies to purchase used plastics or metals from hospital wastes. By implementing digitalization in medical waste management, waste segregation can improve, reduce the spread of diseases and injuries, and promote the recycling of hospital waste materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractExcessive boron (B) levels in soil can lead to toxicity in plants, impacting their growth and productivity. Effective strategies to reduce B uptake are important for improving crop performance in contaminated soils. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of chicken manure incineration ash (CMA) and triple superphosphate (TSP) on B uptake in barley plants grown in B-contaminated soil. Before the experiment, the chemical composition and molecular structure of CMA were analyzed using XRF, XRD and SEM. The soil was contaminated with 15 mg kg−1 of B, and both TSP and CMA were applied at rates of 40, 80, and 160 mg kg−1 of phosphorus (P). Neither P source had a significant impact on plant dry weight. However, increasing doses of applied TSP and CMA increased plant P concentration while significantly decreasing B concentration. Particularly with CMA applied at 160 mg kg−1 P dose, plant B concentration decreased to the lowest level of 194 mg kg−1. Increasing P doses led to a slight decrease in plant silicon (Si) concentration. The pH of soil samples taken after the experiment slightly increased with CMA treatments compared to TSP. The available P concentration in soils increased with increasing P doses. The available B concentration decreased with increasing P doses, especially reducing to the lowest level of 2.52 mg kg−1 in soils with a 40 mg kg−1 P, CMA. In conclusion, in addition to the effect of P, the molecular structure of P is also important in reducing B uptake in barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in medical waste generation, posing hazards to both the environment and global health. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic's medical waste hazard may persist long after the pandemic itself subsides. Improper disposal of medical waste can contaminate environment, posing risks to ecosystems and public health. Discarded medical rubber gloves, for example, can become a source of infection, improper disposal of these gloves can escalate the spread of infectious diseases and increase the risk of transmission of the virus to the general public. This study proposes an innovative and sustainable method to reinforce cement mortar by adding recycled glove rubber as an additive to cement mortar to increase its resistance to impact loads. This study conducted uniaxial compression tests, separating hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments and SEM observations to evaluate the quasi-static compressive strength and dynamic stress of recycled rubber fiber mortar (RRFM) with varying recycled rubber fiber (RRF) contents (0, 1%, 2%, 3%). Strain curves, dynamic increase factor (DIF), energy absorption rules, failure modes, and microstructure of RRFM mixtures. The experimental results demonstrate that with the addition of RRF, the dynamic stress-strain curve flattens and the peak strain gradually increases. The RRFM sample shows stronger toughness. In comparison to regular cement mortar (NM), RRFM has a higher DIF and specific absorbed energy, a faster increase in dynamic compressive strength, and the ability to absorb more energy per unit volume. Under the same impact load, RRFM has fewer and smaller cracks than NM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing also observed that RRF formed a strong connection pattern with the cement mortar matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the Buckets Revolution, an urban agroecological movement in a Brazilian favela that emerged to address waste management issues. We aim to explore the movement’s achievements in promoting socio—cological justice in a vulnerable community of the Global South through agroecology, investigating: i) what socio-ecological problems and intersected demands for justice boosted the emergence of the Buckets Revolution? and ii) what demands for justice the BR has been dealing with to overcome the socio-ecological injustices borne by the Chico Mendes community? We apply the socio-ecological justice model as our theoretical framework, with a decolonial and feminist intersectional approach to embrace the complexity of the case study. The research methods focus on embracing the local reality and the community views, encompassing bibliographical research, a focus group, and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that this agroecological movement has effectively addressed organic waste management, food insecurity, and other socio-ecological issues, contributing to socio-ecological justice in the Chico Mendes community. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the a) interconnections of social and ecological problems, b) intersected dimensions of justice, and c) needs and views of the community when developing environmental urban policies to achieve social justice and ecological sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plastics are the most flexible products developed with a wide range of applications. They have been incorporated into almost every aspect of daily life due to their strength and low weight. However, widespread use and inadequate waste management have resulted in the accumulation of tiny plastic particles throughout the environment. Main text: Microplastics are found in oceans, rivers, sediments, sewers, soil, and agricultural products, even in table salts. Human beings are affected by microplastics through food ingestion and inhalation. Incorporated microplastics may accrue within the body and affect gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine, brain, and respiratory systems. It also interferes with the functions of major organs and causes chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion: Addressing the issue of micro and nanoplastics requires interdisciplinary research, sustainable solutions, and improved waste management systems. The main focus of this review is to cover the harmful effects and impact of microplastics on human health and stress the need for combating strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass‐derived feedstocks play a vital role in sustainable economies for renewable energy, waste management, energy security, and commercial prospects. This study focused on promoting the ring hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) into tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) in an aqueous solution using a potential Ni−Re‐supported hydrotalcite‐derived MgAl catalyst at different Ni : Re molar ratios. Structural analyses, such as an in situ time‐resolved X‐ray absorption near edge structure, under H2 reduction elucidated the simultaneous transformation of Re6+ and Re7+ to Re0 with the remaining highly stable Ni2+. The construction of Ni−Re on hydrotalcite‐derived MgAl catalyst resulted in the alleviated H2 reduction behavior, facilitated H2 adsorption and desorption processes, and suitable catalyst acidity detected by H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and H2 and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption experiments, respectively. Under optimized conditions, a maximum THFA yield of 78 % with a complete FAL conversion was attained using Ni1Re0.16/MgO−Al2O3 catalyst at a reaction temperature of 140 °C, H2 pressure of 20 bar, catalyst loading of 20 %, and reaction time of 2 h in a H2O system. Isotopic deuterium (D2O) labeling revealed that D substitution was notably pronounced through isotopic exchange between the D atom from D2O and H atom in FAL during its hydrogenation to THFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette butts, along with other plastic items, have been extensively studied as the primary source of marine litter in coastal areas around the world. Although there has been extensive research on cigarette butts in coastal areas worldwide, there have been no publications related to this in coastal areas in Indonesia. Therefore, this research is the first to report on the pollution of cigarette butts on different Indonesian beaches, specifically in the East Java Province. The study aimed to assess the abundance, size distribution, and pollution levels associated with cigarette butts from 15 different beaches. Cigarette butts were collected using a 5 × 5 m quadrate transect, placed 20 m apart along the coastline from December 2022 to August 2023. The collected cigarette butts were counted and measured in three different sizes: 0.5–2.5 cm, 2.5–5 cm, and 5–10 cm. A total of 323 cigarette butts were collected, with densities ranging from 0.08 to 3.32 items m−2. The majority of butts were classified as meso-size (0.5–2.5 cm), suggesting incomplete smoking and a higher potential for toxin release. The Cigarette Butt Pollution Index (CBPI) revealed a spectrum of pollution levels, from low to severe, with most beaches exhibiting severe pollution. Factors such as negligent smoking behavior, inadequate waste management infrastructure, and beach environmental conditions were identified as key contributors to this pollution. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies, including public awareness campaigns, improved waste management, and beach clean-ups, to mitigate the environmental impact of cigarette butt pollution on Indonesian beaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of superworm to remove certain plastic polymers has recently been noted. In this study, aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from the gut of Zophobas morio larvae which were fed with polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) polymers. Strains P2 (Leminorella), P6 (Bacillus), P9 (Bacillus), and P5 (Citrobacter) were associated with the highest PS (2.7%), PP (1.3%), PET (1.1%), and PE (0.42%) weight loss after 28 days, respectively. Pretreatments including thermal treatment (80 °C for 10 days), weathering (4 months in the free environment), and nitric and sulfuric acids (1 N, 10 days) improved the degradation of PE (1.3%), PET (1.9%), PP (5.2%), and PS (8.3%) by the same strains, respectively. Further analyses on the PS degradation by Leminorella sp. P2 revealed acid pretreatment promoted the formation of the C = C, C = O, and O˗H functional groups. Surface irregularities, as well as a 3.6-fold increase in surface roughness, were observed in the PS film subjected to biodegradation. The contact angle dropped from 98.4° to 42.2° following the biodegradation. Bacterial depolymerization was confirmed by the 8.7% and 3.4% reduction of Mn and Mw and the change in polydispersity from 1.65 to 1.75. The results suggest that Zophobas morio microbiota in combination with abiotic pretreatment can be considered for plastic waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to optimize the solid waste collection and transportation system using ArcGIS Network Analyst and location-allocation tools. The generated solid waste was characterized by proximate analysis. The generation rate and composition were determined according to standard methods. The average solid waste generation rates for households, commercial sites, institutions, and recreational places were 0.48 kg/c/day, 15.03 kg/fac/day, 9.32 kg/fac/day, and 22.8 kg/fac/day, respectively. The estimated total generation rate of the sub-city is 207,004.03 kg/day and 712.13 m3/day as discarded base. Composition analysis revealed that food waste is the major component of municipal solid waste, with estimated weight and volume of 134,696.08 kg and 299.46 m3, respectively. Proximate analysis indicated that food and textile wastes have relatively high moisture content and fixed carbon. Candidate pre-collection bin allocations were optimized based on factors such as road network, distribution of solid waste generators, and existing temporary dumping sites, resulting in 1052 potential bin locations. Transfer station allocation was optimized by considering land use-land cover, slope, and geology. Twelve transfer routes and four transport routes were established to efficiently serve the bins and final waste destinations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that ArcGIS Network Analyst and location-allocation tools can effectively optimize the municipal solid waste collection and transportation system, providing a robust framework for improving waste management efficiency. However, further research is recommended to validate these findings through field application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the daunting challenge of climate change, driven by escalating greenhouse gas concentrations, our research introduces an innovative solution for CO2 capture. We explore a novel nanoporous carbon derived from Ulva lactuca, activated with eggshell waste, spotlighting waste valorization in mitigating atmospheric CO2. Through a systematic methodology encompassing variable carbonization temperatures (700–900 °C) and nitrogen flow rates (2–4 ml/min), complemented by a suite of characterization techniques, we unveil the synthesis of this pioneering adsorbent. Our study not only presents a novel, sustainable pathway for CO2 capture but also demonstrates superior performance, particularly with the NC800-4 sample, achieving a CO2 capture capacity of 1.40 mmol/g at 30 °C, alongside demonstrating consistent adsorption efficiency over four successive adsorption/desorption cycles. This breakthrough underscores the potential of leveraging waste for environmental remediation, offering a dual solution to waste management and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the rising burden of cancer worldwide, cytotoxic drugs have become a significant threat to health and the environment. This investigation assessed the level of knowledge of oncology nurses regarding the risks associated with handling cytotoxic drugs and the management of cytotoxic waste and their impact on health and the environment. A qualitative study was conducted among oncology nurses at a Moroccan oncology centre. Most demonstrated a good understanding of cytotoxic drugs and their handling. But, there were notable deficiencies in foundational training. Occasional training sessions were offered, but they were considered insufficient in frequency and depth. The workload was identified as a major obstacle to proper safety protocol implementation. Although all participants recognised the dangers of improper disposal of cytotoxic waste, none had detailed knowledge of the specific environmental impacts. Improved training programmes and a reduced workload are critical to enhancing safety and efficiency in oncology centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a sustainable ecology, slaughterhouse sludge must be managed effectively in preview of the parasitic or coliforms' spill over to the community. In order to determine the effectiveness of a customized biological decomposer solution in lowering the parasitic eggs and coliform bacteria, three composting units (Unit 1, Unit 2, and Unit 3) were treated with its different amounts. Over a period of 60 days, pH, temperature, humidity, number of the parasitic eggs per gram (EPG) of faecal material, viability of eggs, and coliform counts were evaluated. By the fifth day of the composting process, pH had significantly (P < 0.05) increased across all the treatments and then decreased gradually. Also on the 5th day, all three units entered the thermophilic range (> 45 °C), which persisted for 20 days for Unit 3 and 15 days for Units 1 and 2. Humidity levels initially increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all three units (Unit 3 = 71%, Unit 2 = 64%, and Unit 1 = 55%) but then gradually decreased. On day 5, no decrease in EPG in Unit 1 was detected; however, a non-significant (P > 0.05) 12.5% decline in EPG in Unit 2 and Unit 3 was recorded. After that, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in EPG was observed in all the three treatments until day 25. By day 5, decreased egg viability was significantly (P < 0.05) recorded in Unit 3 (21.43%); in Unit 1 and Unit 2, the decrease was 6.25% and 14.29%, respectively. Additionally, all units showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total coliforms, meeting minimum allowable limit in Unit 2 and 3 on day 10 and on day 15 in Unit 1. The most substantial reduction in faecal coliforms was observed in Unit 3 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.3 log₁₀), followed by Unit 2 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.5 log₁₀), and then Unit 1 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.6 log₁₀). The results of this study support recommendation of advanced composting techniques to eradicate or reduce the abundance of pathogens (parasites and coliforms). Hence, we endorse the value of careful composting procedures in environment-friendly abattoir waste management and agricultural practices through creating pathogen-free, eco-friendly fertilizers to promote both agricultural and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating accumulation of textile waste in landfill sites poses a significant environmental hazard that requires immediate intervention. This study focused on the sustainable and value-enhancing management of used fabrics via chemical recycling. The acid hydrolysis of six distinct types of cotton-based fabric waste (FW) has been conducted for the first time using a milder concentration (10%) of acid. The experiments resulted in the successful extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The product underwent various analytical techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TGA, DTG, and PL spectroscopy, to verify the presence of microcrystalline cellulose (I-cellulose). The various sources of cellulose yielded varying results for MCC in terms of the yield (ranging from 28.2% to 80.2%), crystallinity index (ranging from 83.9% to 87%), crystallite size (ranging from 5.287 to 5.952 nm), thermal stability (ranging from 310 °C to 327 °C), and heat of fusion (ranging from 302 to 364 J g−1). The physico-chemical parameters of these six MCC samples were similar, with the carbon content ranging from 38.7% to 47%. The samples exhibited a range of bulk density values between 0.077 and 0.1975 g cc−1, and a water retention value (WRV) between 91.3% and 95.5%. The efficient retrieval of cellulose from various fabric waste sources offers an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to bolster waste management initiatives for fabric-related refuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of Lantana camara biomass for potential bioenergy generation integrates invasive species (IS) management with the unabated demand for bio-energy. In the present investigation, L. camara was used to produce bio-oil by thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis). The resultant product evinced energy yield of 62.58% with 64.95% of elemental carbon (C) content and endorsed the suitability of L. camara bio-oil for biofuel applications and value addition. Thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis revealed a short thermal degradation profile, whereas spectroscopic analyses detected a host of organic compounds such as esters, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, aliphatics, and aromatics. The economic analysis of L. camara biomass conversion technology carried out in this study proved to be commercially competitive and viable versus petroleum refining. Antimicrobial and antioxidant assays with bio-oil evinced highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Candida albicans (31.02 mm), and displayed strong antioxidant property (DPPH IC50 value 233.72 ± 0.2 μg/ml). The bio-oil exhibited rheological characteristics of shear thinning and pseudoplastic fluid, particularly at low and intermediate shear rates. The present study highlights the multifaceted advantages of utilizing L. camara biomass, which include environmental remediation via waste management, bioenergy generation, and the feasibility of generating value-added products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global shift towards sustainable waste management has led to an intensified exploration of co-digestion and co-treatment of sewage and organic waste using anaerobic reactors. This review advocates for an integrated approach where organic waste is treated along with the sewage stream, as a promising solution to collect, treat, and dispose of organic waste, thereby reducing the environmental and economic burden on municipalities. Various efforts, ranging from laboratory to full-scale studies, have been undertaken to assess the feasibility and impacts of co-digestion or co-management of sewage and organic waste, using technologies such as up-flow anaerobic sludge blankets or anaerobic membrane bioreactors. However, there has been no consensus on a standardized definition of co-digestion, nor a comprehensive understanding of its impacts. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in liquid anaerobic co-digestion systems, which typically operate at 1.1% total solids. The research aims to investigate how the integration of organic waste into mainstream anaerobic-based sewage treatment plants has the potential to enhance the sustainability of both sewage and organic waste management. In addition, utilizing the surplus capacity of existing anaerobic reactors leads to significant increases in methane production ranging from 190 to 388% (v/v). However, it should be noted that certain challenges may arise, such as the necessity for the development of tailored strategies and regulatory frameworks to enhance co-digestion practices and address the inherent challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of lightweight aggregate based on waste is an important step towards sustainable and ecological construction. It contributes to reducing the negative impact of the construction sector on the environment by reducing the consumption of natural raw materials and reducing waste of various origins, including rubble concrete. The physical and mechanical properties, including grain shape index, water absorption, bulk density, resistance to crushing, frost resistance, leachability of heavy metals, and porosity of lightweight artificial aggregate made from rubble concrete waste (KRC) were presented in the paper. The obtained test results prove that the proposed artificial aggregate has similar water absorption and bulk density and even better frost and crushing resistance than artificial aggregates available on the market. Due to its properties, it can be used for lightweight concrete, gardening, or as a separating layer in home sewage treatment plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses regional strategies for implementing methane fermentation technology in waste management, considering environmental, technological, and social perspectives. Methane fermentation plays a crucial role in modern waste management and renewable energy production. The article highlights the importance of local climatic, economic, and social conditions that affect the efficiency and profitability of biogas installations. Both barriers and opportunities for technology development in various regions are analyzed, particularly in terms of raw material availability, regulatory support, and social acceptance. Examples of biogas technology applications in different countries are provided, identifying key success factors. The article offers valuable insights for decision-makers responsible for designing and implementing methane fermentation systems, taking into account diverse regional conditions and local needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive consumption of natural resources to meet the growing demands of building and infrastructure projects has put enormous stress on these resources. On the other hand, a significant quantity of soil is excavated for development activities across the globe and is usually treated as waste material. This study explores the potential of excavated soils in the Brittany region of France for its reuse as earthen construction materials. Characterization of soil recovered from building sites was carried out to classify the soils and observe their suitability for earthen construction materials. These characteristics include mainly Atterberg limits, granulometry, organic matter and optimum moisture content. Soil samples were separated into fine and coarse particles through wet sieving. The percentage of fines (particles smaller than 0.063 mm) in studied soil samples range from 28% to 65%. The methylene blue value (MBV) for Lorient, Bruz and Polama soils is 1, 1.2 and 1.2 g/100 g, and French classification (Guide de terrassements des remblais et des couches de forme; GTR) of soil samples is A1, B5 and A1, respectively. The washing of soils with lower fine content helps to recover excellent-quality sand and gravel, which are a useful and precious resource. However, residual fine particles are a waste material. In this study, three soil formulations were used for manufacturing earth blocks. These formulations include raw soil, fines and restructured soil. In restructured soil, a fine fraction of soil smaller than 0.063 mm was mixed with 15% recycled sand. Restructuring of soil fine particles helps to improve soil matrix composition and suitability for earth bricks. Compressed-earth blocks of 4 × 4 × 16 cm were manufactured at a laboratory scale for flexural strength testing by using optimum molding moisture content and compaction through Proctor normal energy. Compressive strength tests were performed on cubic blocks of size 4 × 4 × 4 cm. Mechanical testing of bricks showed that bricks with raw soil had higher resistance with a maximum of 3.4 MPa for Lorient soil. Removal of coarse particles from soil decreased the strength of bricks considerably. Restructuring of fines with recycled sand improves their granular skeleton and increases the compressive strength and durability of bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]