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1. Somatic genetic rescue of a germline ribosome assembly defect

Author

Vasileios Kargas, Mélanie Parisot, Norberto Escudero-Urquijo, Alexis Bertrand, Christine Bellanné-Chantelot, Jean Donadieu, Mohammed Zarhrate, Patrick Nitschke, Cécile Masson, Laëtitia Kermasson, Beatriz Goyenechea, Sophie Kaltenbach, Alan J. Warren, David Traynor, Stefano Fumagalli, Li Jin, Blandine Beaupain, Bruno Reversade, Ahmed Z. Boukerrou, Peter J. Bond, M. Rossmann, Olivier Alibeu, Jean-Alain Martignoles, Christine Bole-Feysot, Jonathan Moreil, Shengjiang Tan, François Delhommeau, Patrick Revy, Kong Boo Phua, Alexandre Faille, Aurore Pouliet, Christine Hilcenko, Frédéric Tores, Isabelle Radford-Weiss, Ai Ling Koh, Isabelle Callebaut, Jean-Pierre de Villartay, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology [Cambridge, UK] (LMB), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Medical Research Council, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker (SFR Necker - UMS 3633 / US24), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), KK Women's and Children's Hospital [Singapore], Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Bioinformatics Institute [Singapore], Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), National University of Singapore (NUS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Babraham Research Campus [Cambridge, Royaume-Uni], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Escudero-Urquijo, Norberto [0000-0002-8201-5884], Parisot, Mélanie [0000-0003-4312-2035], Reversade, Bruno [0000-0002-4070-7997], Bond, Peter J. [0000-0003-2900-098X], Bellanné-Chantelot, Christine [0000-0001-8415-6771], Warren, Alan J. [0000-0001-9277-4553], Revy, Patrick [0000-0003-0758-8022], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Hilcenko, Christine [0000-0002-9596-7833], Rossmann, Maxim [0000-0001-8811-3277], Bond, Peter J [0000-0003-2900-098X], Warren, Alan [0000-0001-9277-4553], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Warren, Alan J [0000-0001-9277-4553]

Subjects
Somatic cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Germline, 631/208/737, 692/699/1541, Ribosome assembly, 13/1, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, 38/22, Dictyostelium, Eukaryotic Initiation Factors, Child, Cells, Cultured, Biological Phenomena, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 631/208/514/2254, article, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic, Ribosome, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 64/24, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Drosophila, Haematological diseases, Protein Binding, Adult, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Adolescent, Science, 45/23, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biology, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 82/80, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Germline mutation, Animals, Humans, Gene, Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Eukaryotic Large Ribosomal Subunit, Point mutation, Infant, Proteins, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, General Chemistry, SBDS, 96/44, Peptide Elongation Factors, Germ Cells, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Protein Biosynthesis, Mutation, Next-generation sequencing, 631/337/574/1789, Ribosomes
Abstract

Indirect somatic genetic rescue (SGR) of a germline mutation is thought to be rare in inherited Mendelian disorders. Here, we establish that acquired mutations in the EIF6 gene are a frequent mechanism of SGR in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), a leukemia predisposition disorder caused by a germline defect in ribosome assembly. Biallelic mutations in the SBDS or EFL1 genes in SDS impair release of the anti-association factor eIF6 from the 60S ribosomal subunit, a key step in the translational activation of ribosomes. Here, we identify diverse mosaic somatic genetic events (point mutations, interstitial deletion, reciprocal chromosomal translocation) in SDS hematopoietic cells that reduce eIF6 expression or disrupt its interaction with the 60S subunit, thereby conferring a selective advantage over non-modified cells. SDS-related somatic EIF6 missense mutations that reduce eIF6 dosage or eIF6 binding to the 60S subunit suppress the defects in ribosome assembly and protein synthesis across multiple SBDS-deficient species including yeast, Dictyostelium and Drosophila. Our data suggest that SGR is a universal phenomenon that may influence the clinical evolution of diverse Mendelian disorders and support eIF6 suppressor mimics as a therapeutic strategy in SDS., Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a leukemia predisposition disorder that is caused by defective release of eIF6 during ribosome assembly. Here the authors show that acquired somatic EIF6 mutations are frequent in the hematopoietic cells from individuals with SDS and provide a selective advantage over non-modified cells.

Published
2021
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2. The Ribosome Biogenesis Protein Nol9 Is Essential for Definitive Hematopoiesis and Pancreas Morphogenesis in Zebrafish

Author

Ewa Bielczyk-Maczyńska, Laure Lam Hung, Lauren Ferreira, Tobias Fleischmann, Félix Weis, Antonio Fernández-Pevida, Steven A Harvey, Neha Wali, Alan J Warren, Inês Barroso, Derek L Stemple, Ana Cvejic, Warren, Alan [0000-0001-9277-4553], Barroso, Ines [0000-0001-5800-4520], Cvejic, Ana [0000-0003-3204-9311], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase, lcsh:QH426-470, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Hematopoiesis, lcsh:Genetics, Disease Models, Animal, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Morphogenesis, Animals, Humans, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Pancreas, Ribosomes, Zebrafish, Research Article
Abstract

Ribosome biogenesis is a ubiquitous and essential process in cells. Defects in ribosome biogenesis and function result in a group of human disorders, collectively known as ribosomopathies. In this study, we describe a zebrafish mutant with a loss-of-function mutation in nol9, a gene that encodes a non-ribosomal protein involved in rRNA processing. nol9 sa1022/sa1022 mutants have a defect in 28S rRNA processing. The nol9 sa1022/sa1022 larvae display hypoplastic pancreas, liver and intestine and have decreased numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as definitive erythrocytes and lymphocytes. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed signs of pathological processes occurring in endothelial cells of the caudal vein, emphasizing the complexity of the phenotype observed in nol9 sa1022/sa1022 larvae. We further show that both the pancreatic and hematopoietic deficiencies in nol9 sa1022/sa1022 embryos were due to impaired cell proliferation of respective progenitor cells. Interestingly, genetic loss of Tp53 rescued the HSPCs but not the pancreatic defects. In contrast, activation of mRNA translation via the mTOR pathway by L-Leucine treatment did not revert the erythroid or pancreatic defects. Together, we present the nol9 sa1022/sa1022 mutant, a novel zebrafish ribosomopathy model, which recapitulates key human disease characteristics. The use of this genetically tractable model will enhance our understanding of the tissue-specific mechanisms following impaired ribosome biogenesis in the context of an intact vertebrate., Author Summary The production of ribosomes, the protein-synthesizing machines, is fundamental in all cells. It is a very complex process that requires the coordinated actions of ribosomal and non-ribosomal proteins. Impairment of ribosome formation and function leads to a class of disorders known as “ribosomopathies”. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a zebrafish mutant in nol9, a gene encoding a non-ribosomal protein involved in ribosome biogenesis. The nol9 sa1022/sa1022 mutants show defects in the exocrine pancreas and erythrocytes due to impaired cell proliferation. These phenotypic features of nol9 sa1022/sa1022 mutants are reminiscent of the clinical symptoms of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, a ribosomopathy characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hematopoietic defects. Interestingly, we found that hematopoiesis but not pancreas morphogenesis in nol9 sa1022/sa1022 larvae is Tp53-dependent, highlighting that the consequences of impaired ribosome biogenesis differ between tissues within the same organism. This study provides novel insight into the function of the ribosome biogenesis protein Nol9 in zebrafish development and presents a novel model that will help to decipher the tissue-specific mechanisms of ribosomopathies.

Published
2015

3. Mesenchymal stem cells from Shwachman-Diamond syndrome patients display normal functions and do not contribute to hematological defects

Author

Marta Galbiati, Alan J. Warren, C Cappuzzello, Erica Dander, Giovanna D'Amico, G te Kronnie, A Di Meglio, Valentina Andre, Emanuela Maserati, Marco Cipolli, Andrea Biondi, Cristina Bugarin, Laura Sainati, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Daniela Longoni, M Serafini, Elena Nicolis, Silvia Bresolin, André, V, Longoni, D, Bresolin, S, Cappuzzello, C, Dander, E, Galbiati, M, Bugarin, C, Di Meglio, A, Nicolis, E, Maserati, E, Serafini, M, Warren, A, Te Kronnie, G, Cazzaniga, G, Sainati, L, Cipolli, M, Biondi, A, D'Amico, G, Warren, Alan [0000-0001-9277-4553], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Hematopoietic stem cell niche, CD34, Keywords: Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, Mesenchymal stem cells, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, hematological defects, medicine, SBDS, Keywords: Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow failure, SBDS, Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, mesenchymal stem cells, business.industry, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Mesenchymal stem cell, Hematology, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, bone marrow failure, Immunology, Cancer research, Original Article, Bone marrow, Stem cell, business
Abstract

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by bone marrow (BM) dysfunction and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. SDS patients have an increased risk for myelodisplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the key component of the hematopoietic microenvironment and are relevant in inducing genetic mutations leading to leukemia. However, their role in SDS is still unexplored. We demonstrated that morphology, growth kinetics and expression of surface markers of MSCs from SDS patients (SDS-MSCs) were similar to normal MSCs. Moreover, SDS-MSCs were able to differentiate into mesengenic lineages and to inhibit the proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. We demonstrated in an in vitro coculture system that SDS-MSCs, significantly inhibited neutrophil apoptosis probably through interleukin-6 production. In a long-term coculture with CD34+-sorted cells, SDS-MSCs were able to sustain CD34+ cells survival and to preserve their stemness. Finally, SDS-MSCs had normal karyotype and did not show any chromosomal abnormality observed in the hematological components of the BM of SDS patients. Despite their pivotal role in the hematopoietic stem cell niche, our data suggest that MSC themselves do not seem to be responsible for the hematological defects typical of SDS patients. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

Published
2012

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