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Background and Aim: The impact of exogenous melatonin on the sperm quality of small ruminants is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize previous findings on the influence of melatonin injection on sperm quality, steroid hormones, and testicular blood flow in small ruminants. Materials and Methods: Thirty studies were analyzed by computing the raw mean difference (RMD) as the effect size between the control and melatonin treatment groups, using the inverse of the variance for the random-effect model of the method of moments by DerSimonian and Laird. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using Q test. I2 statistic was used to classify the observed heterogeneity. We used Egger’s regression method to indicate publication bias. Results: Melatonin injection (p < 0.05) affected sperm concentration (RMD = 0.42 × 109/mL), morphology (RMD = 2.82%), viability (RMD = 2.83%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 4.26%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 1.09%). Total motility (RMD = 5.62%), progressive motility (RMD = 7.90%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 8.68%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 2.01%) of post-thawed semen in the melatonin-treated group were also increased (p < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with melatonin (p < 0.05) enhanced total motility (RMD = 5.78%), progressive motility (RMD = 5.28%), curvilinear velocity (RMD = 4.09 μm/s), straight-line velocity (RMD = 5.61 μm/s), and average path velocity (RMD = 4.94 μm/s). Testosterone (RMD = 1.02 ng/mL) and estradiol 17-ß levels (RMD = 0.84 pg/mL) were elevated (p < 0.05) in the melatonin-injected group. Melatonin implantation ameliorated testicular blood flow, as indicated by a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the resistive index (RMD = 0.11) and pulsatility index (RMD = –0.15). Conclusion: Melatonin administration can increase the reproductive performance of small male ruminants.

This study investigates the medicinal properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa by extracting its bioactive compounds with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Ethyl acetate extract had the highest total phenolic content, while hexane extract had the lowest. The ethanol extract had the highest total flavonoid content, with hexane extract having the lowest. Ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 28.61 ± 0.56 μg/mL. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry profiling identified major compounds like menthol and salicylic acid. Fraction 6, with rhodomyrtone content of 728 μg/mL, had the most dominant rhodomyrtone compound. Higher solvent polarity correlated with higher total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity, but lower saponin content. Based on its contents, further studies are needed to investigate its ability to reduce enteric methane, enhance immunity, and adapt to climate change, both in vitro and in vivo in ruminant livestock.

The research aimed to determine the effect of using indigofera leaf meal on quail eggs performance and physical quality. The research was conducted from March to May 2023 at the Poultry Laboratory of Yogyakarta Magelang Agricultural Development Polytechnic (POLBANGTAN). The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, using 200 blaster quails. Treatments included P0 (without Indigofera leaf meal), P1 (7.5% Indigofera leaf meal), P2 (15% Indigofera leaf meal), and P3 (22.5% Indigofera leaf meal). Parameters observed included feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg index, shell thickness, albumen index, egg yolk index, haugh units, and egg yolk color score. The research data was analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis analysis. A further Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was carried out if the treatment had a significant difference. Based on the results, the use of Indigofera leaf meal at different levels had no significant effect (P>0.05) on egg production, feed consumption, egg weight, albumen index, egg yolk index, and haugh units. However, it significantly affected (P

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is leguminous species that contain high nutritional values. This study aimed to determine the effect of the rate of urea fertilizer and harvest age on the productivity of butterfly pea forage. This research used a split-plot design consisting of urea rates (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and harvest ages (30, 45, and 60 days after planting or DAP) with three replications. The variables observed were morphological growth (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and number of branches), and productivity of forage biomass (fresh weight, dry weight, and crude protein). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and the means were separated by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The interaction between fertilizer rates and harvest ages was shown (p

IP-PBX based communication has become a human need in the era of technology. Some researchers design a wireless telecommunication system based on IP PBX using Raspberry Pi. The previous researches have small network coverage and problematic on the ability of the system to support multiple concurrent connections. Based on these problems, these research aims are to expand the coverage area and increase the number of concurrent calls. This study used Asterisk FreePBX for the media configuration of the servers. The clients: laptops and smartphone devices used Linkin and Bria softphone. The testing was conducted in terms of voice and video services in the form of signal strength, CPU performance of servers, and network performance parameters such as delay, jitter, and packet loss. The results obtained that the CPU performance of the servers for seven calls simultaneously is around 16.9% compared with previous research, at an average of 45%. Based on ETSI standards, the measurement of network performance parameters when communicating between clients outperform than previous research. The clients can communicate well up to 390 meters.

The natural disasters of the earthquake, liquefaction, and tsunami that occurred on September 28, 2018 in Palu, Sigi, and Donggala have caused damage and even loss of residence and property of the people in the region. Agricultural land which was a source of livelihood could not be reused. During the recovery phase in the aftermath of natural disasters, the government and humanitarian agencies could rebuild facilities and infrastructure including the economy of disaster victims. Central Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) participated in the socio-economic recovery of natural disaster victims in Sigi Regency through the development of superior BALITBANGTAN (KUB) chicken based on native households in temporary shelters in Jono Oge Village, Sigi Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution and motivation of Sigi disaster victims in raising KUB chickens based on households. The contribution of raising KUB chicken was calculated from the percentage of KUB chicken to total household income while motivation was measured by the scoring method using a Likert scale. Based on the results of the assessment, it was concluded that the income of victims of natural disasters at the Jono Oge Village in Sigi Regency had contribution contribution of raising KUB chickens based on households was 8.08% categorized at

This series of research activities are in the form of a routing simulation using the LEACH protocol as a cluster-based mechanism method that can improve Network Lifetime in the Wireless Sensor Network protocol, using the Network Simulator 2 application device that describes data transmission, remaining nodes, and energy used. Determination of the performance and power consumption of the wireless sensor network by testing scenario one to scenario five due to the influence of the cluster to be applied, such as scenario 1 using 1 cluster (C1) consumes an average of the energy of 0.155 joules and the data sent or obtained is 72,848 bytes. Barriers or disruptions to the clusterhead affect the performance of LEACH, so there is a need for criteria or conditions to determine which nodes should be used as clusterhead.

This research aimed to find out the growth and production of indigofera, lamtoro, and kaliandra in coconut plantations after defoliation. The study was conducted in Bulubete Village, South Dolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. This study was conducted on 3 types of legumes, namely indigofera (Indigofera sp.), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), and calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus). Variables observed were plants height (TT) and fresh production yields (PS) on 30, 60, and 90 days. The results of data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed the average of fresh legumes production were harvested at the age of 90 days in 3 types of legumes: indigofera, lamtoro, and calliandra was 0.96 kg; 0.37 kg; 0.63 kg; and post fertilization reaches 5.50 to 7.66 kg; 0.78 to 2.22 kg; and 2.0 to 3.28 kg. It was concluded that the introduction of three legumes under coconut stands that were very adaptive was indogofera. This can be used as an alternative solution for the limitations of forage in te small farms. Â

Background and Aim: The impact of exogenous melatonin on the sperm quality of small ruminants is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize previous findings on the influence of melatonin injection on sperm quality, steroid hormones, and testicular blood flow in small ruminants. Materials and Methods: Thirty studies were analyzed by computing the raw mean difference (RMD) as the effect size between the control and melatonin treatment groups, using the inverse of the variance for the random-effect model of the method of moments by DerSimonian and Laird. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using Q test. I2 statistic was used to classify the observed heterogeneity. We used Egger's regression method to indicate publication bias. Results: Melatonin injection (p < 0.05) affected sperm concentration (RMD = 0.42 109/mL), morphology (RMD = 2.82%), viability (RMD = 2.83%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 4.26%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 1.09%). Total motility (RMD = 5.62%), progressive motility (RMD = 7.90%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 8.68%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 2.01%) of post-thawed semen in the melatonin-treated group were also increased (p < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with melatonin (p < 0.05) enhanced total motility (RMD = 5.78%), progressive motility (RMD = 5.28%), curvilinear velocity (RMD = 4.09 µm/s), straight-line velocity (RMD = 5.61 µm/s), and average path velocity (RMD = 4.94 µm/s). Testosterone (RMD = 1.02 ng/mL) and estradiol 17-ß levels (RMD = 0.84 pg/mL) were elevated (p < 0.05) in the melatonininjected group. Melatonin implantation ameliorated testicular blood flow, as indicated by a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the resistive index (RMD = 0.11) and pulsatility index (RMD = --0.15). Conclusion: Melatonin administration can increase the reproductive performance of small male ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the Patin fish enlargement pond business in Banua Lawas Village, both from cultivation techniques, production results, revenue, income, profits, and business feasibility. Sampling using the census method with the number of respondents as many as 20. The results showed that the Patin fish enlargement pond business in Banua Lawas Village with 40 ponds with an average seed stocking of 12,100 and a total cost of IDR. 4,220,832,280, the revenue obtained was IDR. 4,299,700,000 with an average of IDR. 214,985,000, the income received was IDR. 513,688,627 with an average of IDR. 25,684,431, the profit obtained in the Patin fish enlargement pond business in Banua Lawas Village was Rp. 78,867,720 with an average of IDR. 3,943,386. The business carried out in Banua Lawas Village is worth working on but has a very small RCR value of 1.02 where every capital spent of IDR. 1 will generate a profit of IDR. 1.02.