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411 results on '"Wang, Zixing"'

27. Tumor immune contexture is a determinant of anti-CD19 CAR T cell efficacy in large B cell lymphoma

Author

Scholler, Nathalie, Perbost, Regis, Locke, Frederick L., Jain, Michael D., Turcan, Sarah, Danan, Corinne, Chang, Edmund C., Neelapu, Sattva S., Miklos, David B., Jacobson, Caron A., Lekakis, Lazaros J., Lin, Yi, Ghobadi, Armin, Kim, Jenny J., Chou, Justin, Plaks, Vicki, Wang, Zixing, Xue, Allen, Mattie, Mike, Rossi, John M., Bot, Adrian, and Galon, Jérôme

Published
2022
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35. Reinforcement learning for individualized lung cancer screening schedules: A nested case–control study.

Author

Wang, Zixing, Sui, Xin, Song, Wei, Xue, Fang, Han, Wei, Hu, Yaoda, and Jiang, Jingmei

Subjects
*REINFORCEMENT learning, *EARLY detection of cancer, *LUNG cancer, *PULMONARY nodules, *MEDICAL screening, *SOLITARY pulmonary nodule, *DELAYED diagnosis
Abstract

Background: The current guidelines for managing screen‐detected pulmonary nodules offer rule‐based recommendations for immediate diagnostic work‐up or follow‐up at intervals of 3, 6, or 12 months. Customized visit plans are lacking. Purpose: To develop individualized screening schedules using reinforcement learning (RL) and evaluate the effectiveness of RL‐based policy models. Methods: Using a nested case–control design, we retrospectively identified 308 patients with cancer who had positive screening results in at least two screening rounds in the National Lung Screening Trial. We established a control group that included cancer‐free patients with nodules, matched (1:1) according to the year of cancer diagnosis. By generating 10,164 sequence decision episodes, we trained RL‐based policy models, incorporating nodule diameter alone, combined with nodule appearance (attenuation and margin) and/or patient information (age, sex, smoking status, pack‐years, and family history). We calculated rates of misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, and delayed diagnosis, and compared the performance of RL‐based policy models with rule‐based follow‐up protocols (National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline; China Guideline for the Screening and Early Detection of Lung Cancer). Results: We identified significant interactions between certain variables (e.g., nodule shape and patient smoking pack‐years, beyond those considered in guideline protocols) and the selection of follow‐up testing intervals, thereby impacting the quality of the decision sequence. In validation, one RL‐based policy model achieved rates of 12.3% for misdiagnosis, 9.7% for missed diagnosis, and 11.7% for delayed diagnosis. Compared with the two rule‐based protocols, the three best‐performing RL‐based policy models consistently demonstrated optimal performance for specific patient subgroups based on disease characteristics (benign or malignant), nodule phenotypes (size, shape, and attenuation), and individual attributes. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of using an RL‐based approach that is both clinically interpretable and performance‐robust to develop personalized lung cancer screening schedules. Our findings present opportunities for enhancing the current cancer screening system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Greatly Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Flexible Cu 2−x S Composite Film on Nylon by Se Doping.

Author

Zuo, Xinru, Han, Xiaowen, Wang, Zixing, Liu, Ying, Li, Jiajia, Zhang, Mingcheng, Huang, Changjun, and Cai, Kefeng

Subjects
CARRIER density, NYLON, HYDROTHERMAL synthesis, HOT pressing, POWER density
Abstract

In this work, flexible Cu2−xS films on nylon membranes are prepared by combining a simple hydrothermal synthesis and vacuum filtration followed by hot pressing. The films consist of Cu2S and Cu1.96S two phases with grain sizes from nano to submicron. Doping Se on the S site not only increases the Cu1.96S content in the Cu2−xS to increase carrier concentration but also modifies electronic structure, thereby greatly improves the electrical properties of the Cu2−xS. Specifically, an optimal composite film with a nominal composition of Cu2−xS0.98Se0.02 exhibits a high power factor of ~150.1 μW m−1 K−2 at 300 K, which increases by ~138% compared to that of the pristine Cu2−xS film. Meanwhile, the composite film shows outstanding flexibility (~97.2% of the original electrical conductivity is maintained after 1500 bending cycles with a bending radius of 4 mm). A four-leg flexible thermoelectric (TE) generator assembled with the optimal film generates a maximum power of 329.6 nW (corresponding power density of 1.70 W m−2) at a temperature difference of 31.1 K. This work provides a simple route to the preparation of high TE performance Cu2−xS-based films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. Sample size calculation for mixture model based on geometric average hazard ratio and its applications to nonproportional hazard.

Author

Wang, Zixing, Zhang, Qingyang, Xue, Allen, and Whitmore, James

Subjects
*LOG-rank test, *SAMPLE size (Statistics), *PROPORTIONAL hazards models, *GEOMETRIC modeling, *TREATMENT delay (Medicine), *HAZARDS
Abstract

With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, some special features including delayed treatment effect, cure rate, diminishing treatment effect and crossing survival are often observed in survival analysis. They violate the proportional hazard model assumption and pose a unique challenge for the conventional trial design and analysis strategies. Many methods like cure rate model have been developed based on mixture model to incorporate some of these features. In this work, we extend the mixture model to deal with multiple non‐proportional patterns and develop its geometric average hazard ratio (gAHR) to quantify the treatment effect. We further derive a sample size and power formula based on the non‐centrality parameter of the log‐rank test and conduct a thorough analysis of the impact of each parameter on performance. Simulation studies showed a clear advantage of our new method over the proportional hazard based calculation across different non‐proportional hazard scenarios. Moreover, the mixture modeling of two real trials demonstrates how to use the prior information on the survival distribution among patients with different biomarker and early efficacy results in practice. By comparison with a simulation‐based design, the new method provided a more efficient way to compute the power and sample size with high accuracy of estimation. Overall, both theoretical derivation and empirical studies demonstrate the promise of the proposed method in powering future innovative trial designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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