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C20H16N2O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.0094(5) Å, b = 6.7689(3) Å, c = 29.577(2) Å, β = 95.809(6)°, V =1595.27(16) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0457, wRref(F2) = 0.1209, T = 293 K.

We are interested in the existence and asymptotic behavior for the least energy solutions of the following fractional eigenvalue problem (P) (− Δ) s u + V (x) u = μ u + a m (x) ∣ u ∣ 4 s N u , ∫ ℝ N ∣ u ∣ 2 d x = 1 , u ∈ H s (ℝ N) , where s ∈ (0, 1), μ ∈ ℝ, a > 0, V (x) and m(x) are L∞(ℝN) functions with N ≥ 2. We prove that there is a threshold a s ∗ > 0 such that problem (P) has a least energy solution ua (x) for each a ∈ (0 , a s ∗) and ua blows up, as a ↗ a s ∗ , at some point x0 ∈ ℝN, which makes V (x0) be the minimum and m(x0) be the maximum. Moreover, the precise blowup rates for ua are obtained under suitable conditions on V (x) and m(x). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esteya vermicola is a potential biological agent of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, due to its high infectivity. However, knowledge of E. vermicola colonization in the host pine tree is less known. To reveal the distribution pattern of E. vermicola inside the pine tree and the interactions between fungus and PWN, biocontrol tests were conducted on 10 years old Pinus densiflora. A green fluorescence protein (GFP)‐tagged E. vermicola was used to observe the fungal hyphae. Real‐time TaqMan PCR quantification was applied to quantify the fungal hyphae in host tree. The results suggest that inoculation with the fungus significantly improved the survival rate of tested trees. Besides, the number of PWN extracted from fungal inoculated tested trees significantly decreased. Moreover, the fungal hyphae and lunate conidia grown in tested trees were observed with the GFP‐tagged E. vermicola. The real‐time quantification of E. vermicola illustrated the differential distribution of E. vermicola in wilted, wilting and healthy pine trees. Additionally, the promotion of fungal hyphal dispersion by B. xylophilus was found in the pine trees artificially infected with PWN. This study reveals the distribution of E. vermicola and PWN during biocontrol of pine wilt disease and provides direct evidence of the effectiveness of this fungus to control PWN. The migration of PWN infected by E. vermicola was supposed to improve the fungal extension in host pine tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND As the causal agent of pine wilt disease, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a serious pathogen of forest pine trees. Esteya vermicola is a nematophagous fungus of B. xylophilus and exhibits great potential as a biological control agent. However, the in vivo infection mechanism of E. vermicola on B. xylophilus is unclear. Experiments were conducted to study the colonization of host plant and infection of B. xylophilus by E. vermicola inside pine tree xylem. RESULTS: A green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged E. vermicola transformant was constructed as a biomarker to study the in vivo colonization and infection of B. xylophilus in pine trees. The in vitro infection of B. xylophilus by E. vermicola was observed through GFP expression. The bacilloid conidia produced by trophic hyphae in the body of the nematode are described. Additionally, the monitoring of in vivo colonization by GFP‐tagged E. vermicola showed the germination and hyphal extension of this fungus after inoculation. Moreover, B. xylophilus infected by this biocontrol agent were extracted from healthy seedlings and observed in the xylem of trees that were wilting due to pine wilt disease. CONCLUSION: Evidence of fungal colonization and infection of B. xylophilus by E. vermicola is provided to improve our understanding of the in vivo infection mechanisms used by this nematophagous fungus against B. xylophilus. The infection of B. xylophilus by E. vermicola was inferred to begin with the implantation of propagules, and this inference will require future investigation. The colonization of Esteya vermicola in host pine tree xylem and the in vivo infection of pinewood nematode by E. vermicola were investigated using the green fluorescence protein transformant. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C20H16N2O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.0094(5) Å, b = 6.7689(3) Å, c = 29.577(2) Å, β = 95.809(6)°, V =1595.27(16) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0457, wRref(F2) = 0.1209, T = 293 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Asteraceae) (CZ) and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Polygonaceae) (PM) have been used traditionally to treat different systemic diseases and acclaimed for various biological activities including hair growth. Objective: This study investigates the hair restoration efficacy of selected medicinal plant extracts on nude mice. Materials and methods: Nude mice genetically predisposed to pattern balding were used in this study. Topical methanol extracts of CZ and PM (10 mg/mouse/d) with standardized vehicle formulation, only vehicle (propylene glycol:ethanol:dimethyl sulfoxide, 67:30:3% v/v) and Minoxidil (2%) were applied daily for 40 consecutive days. Results: In our study, the maximum hair score (2.5 ± 0.29) was obtained in the CZ-treated group. Histological observation revealed a significant increase ( p < 0.001) in the number of hair follicles (HF) in CZ-treated mice (58.66 ± 3.72) and Minoxidil-treated mice (40 ± 2.71). Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed the follicular keratinocyte proliferation by detection of BrdU-labeling, S-phase cells in Minoxidil and CZ-treated mouse follicular bulb and outer root sheaths. Conclusion: Our study revealed the underlying mechanism of stimulating hair growth in athymic nude mice by repair the nu/nu follicular keratin differentiation defect. Thus, the topical application of CZ may represent a novel strategy for the management and therapy of certain forms of alopecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esteya vermicola, an endoparasitic fungus of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode (PWN), exhibits great potential as a biological control agent against this nematode. E. vermicola produces blastospores in liquid media and aerial conidia on solid media. The agent was mass-produced using two kinds of culture media: S (50 % wheat bran and 50 % pine wood powder), L (0.5 g wheat bran and 0.5 g pinewood powder in 200 ml of potato dextrose broth), and two controls: SC (potato dextrose agar), LC (potato dextrose broth). Yields, multiple stress tolerance, storage life, new generation conidial number, and PWN mortality rates of the spores were measured in each of these four media and compared. The spore yields, new generation conidial number, and nematode mortality rates of blastospores were higher than those of conidia. Nevertheless, the conidia had a higher germination rate than the blastospores during the storage process and multiple stress treatments. Considering the number of spores surviving from the process of the storage and multiple stress treatments per unit of mass media, the blastospores from L survived most. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the L culture medium is the most optimal medium for mass production relatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La 2O 3-doped Ba 0.8Sr 0.2TiO 3 dielectric ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state ceramic route. Scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the surface morphologies. The capacitance C and dielectric loss factor D of the samples were measured with automatic LCR Meter 4225 at 10 kHz respectively. The results show that: εr of the samples decreases and tgδ first decreases then increases with increasing amount of La 2O 3 doping. εr reaches better value, tgδ obtains the minimum value at 0.5 mol% La 2O 3. εr increases and tgδ decreases when sintering temperature increases. The samples doped with 0.5 mol% La 2O 3 sintered at 1,350 °C for 10 h exhibited attractive properties, including high relative dielectric constant (>4,000), low dielectric loss (16.8 × 10 −4), low temperature coefficient of relative dielectric constant(<±21 %) in the temperature range of +25 to +85 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaSrTiO-CoFeO (BST-CFO) multilayered composite films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO/Si substrates via a sol-gel method and spin-coating technique. Microstructures, electric property, magnetic property and magnetoelectric (ME) property of the composites were studied. Results show that the composite films calcined at 750 °C have BST and CFO phases and no obvious impurity phases were detected. Further, the composite films exhibit layered structures and a transition layer which is composed of interfacial delamination exists at the interface between BST and CFO layers. Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties were simultaneously observed in the films, evidencing the coexistence of the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization value of the composite film is lower than that of the pure CFO film derived by the same processing as a result of the effect of the nonferromagnetic BST layers. Also, ferroelectric hysteresis loops reveal that the saturated polarization and remanent polarization of the composite film are lower than those of the pure BST films. In addition, the composite film exhibits a strong ME effect, which makes the composite film attractive for technological applications as devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd are the two main types of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng and have been used as an additive to against alopecia. However, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. To determine how ginsenosides prevent hair loss, we topically applied protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd over the shaved skin of B57CL/6 mice, and monitored and assessed them for 35 days. We then investigated the effects of ginsenosides on cell genesis in different phases of adult hair follicles (HFs), using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine as a marker for dividing cells. Moreover, p63, a specific marker and a major regulator of keratinocyte progenitor cells of the multi-layered epithelia, was detected in epidermis. Results indicated that treatment with ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd increased cell proliferation in both anagen and telogen of HFs. However, it had no significant effect on the survival of cells in the bulge and upper follicle region. Investigation of p63 demonstrated that up-regulation of p63 expression in the matrix and outer root sheath might be one of the mechanisms by which ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd promote cell proliferation in HFs. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which ginsenoside promotes hair growth through p63 induction in follicular keratinocytes and indicates that ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd might be developed as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of hair loss. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/CoFe2O4 layered heterostructure film was grown on a Pt/TiO0.2/SiO0.2/Si substrate by rf-magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction shows that the film consists of perovskite Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 and spinel CoFe2O4 phases. The microstructures of the film were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), showing good surface morphology and clear interfaces among the Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 film, the CoFe2O4 film and the substrate. The variations of dielectric properties with frequency of the heterostructure film are investigated. The heterostructure film simultaneously displays distinct ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. Moreover, an obvious magnetoelectric coupling effect was observed in the heterostructure film with a maximum magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 5.0 mV⋅cm-1Oe-1, which is about seven times larger than that of the Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/CoFe2O4 particulate composite ceramics in a previous report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room-temperature photoluminescence and optical transmittance spectroscopy of Co-doped (1x1014, 5x1016, and 1x1017 cm-2) and Cu-doped (5x1016cm-2) ZnO wafers irradiated by D-D neutrons (fluence of 2.9x1010 cm-2) have been investigated. After irradiation, the Co or Cu metal and oxide clusters in doped ZnO wafers are dissolved, and the wurtzite structure of ZnO substrate for each sample remains unchanged and keeps in high c-axis preferential orientation. The degree of irradiation-induced crystal disorder reflected from the absorption band tail parameter (E0) is far greater for doped ZnO than the undoped one. Under the same doping concentration, the Cu-doped ZnO wafer has much higher irradiation-induced disorder than the Co-doped one. Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the introduction rate of both the zinc vacancy and the zinc interstitial is much higher for the doped ZnO wafer with a high doping level than the undoped one. In addition, both crystal lattice distortion and defect complexes are suggested to be formed in doped ZnO wafers. Consequently, the Co- or Cu-doped ZnO wafer (especially with a high doping level) exhibits very low radiation hardness compared with the undoped one, and the Cu-doped ZnO wafer is much less radiation-hard than the Co-doped one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 thin films with a buffer layer of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 thin film are deposited on p-Si(100) substrates by Sol-Gel method. The P-E hysteresis loops and current-voltage curve of the Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 /Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 film system are measured respectively. The results are performed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi 3.25 La 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 films are prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate by Sol-Gel method. The XRD patterns indicate that the BLT films annealed at different temperatures are randomly orientated and the single perovskite phase is obtained at 550°C annealed. The ferroelectric properties and leakage current characteristics are studied. The remnant polarization increases and the coercive field decreases with the annealing temperature increasing. The leakage current density of the BLT films annealed at 700°C is about 5.8 × 10 -8 A/cm 2 at 250 kV/cm. There are unambiguously differentiated mechanisms responsible for electrical transport at different electric field regimes in the BLT films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable room temperature ferromagnetism in pure single-crystal rutile TiO2 (001) samples irradiated by D—D neutron has been investigated. By combining X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime, the contracted lattice has been clearly identified in irradiated TiO2, where Ti4+ ions can be easily reduced to the state of Ti3+. As there were no magnetic impurities that could contaminate the samples during the whole procedure, some Ti3+ ions reside on interstitial or substituted sites accompanied by oxygen vacancies should be responsible for the ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the preparation and properties of Bi4Zr0.5Ti2.5O12 thin films on the LaNiO3 bottom electrode. The Bi4Zr0.5Ti2.5O12 thin films were fabricated on the LaNiO3 bottom electrode using the sol–gel method. The structure and morphology of the films were characterized using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the films are a perovskite phase with a dense microstructure. The 2Pr and 2Vc of the Pt/BZT/LaNiO3 capacitor are 28.2 µC cm−2 and 14.7 V respectively under the applied voltage of 25 V. After the switching of 1 × 1010 cycles, the Pr value decreases to 87% of its pre-fatigue values. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss are about 204 and 0.024 at 1 kHz, respectively. The films show good insulating behaviour according to the test of leakage current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. The backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age. Crude aqueous extracts of deer antler were prepared at either 4 °C or 100 °C and injected subcutaneously to two separate groups of mice (n = 9) at 1 mL/day for 10 consecutive days, with water as a vehicle control group. The mice skin quantitative hair growth parameters were measured and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine was used to identify label-retaining cells. We found that, in both the 4 °C and the 100 °C deer antler aqueous extract-injection groups, the anagen phase was extended, while the number of BrdU-incorporated cells was dramatically increased. These results indicate that deer antler aqueous extract promotes hair growth by extending the anagen phase and regulating cell proliferation in the hair follicle region.