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Objectives: The incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in China is increasing. We aim to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the burden of PAD. Methods: We collected information from 1990 to 2019 in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) study. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC). Trends in incidence, mortality and DALYs were forecasted by Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis. Results: In 2019, the number of new cases and prevalence of PAD in China accounted for nearly a quarter of the global proportion. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) declined after rising until 2005. The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) maintained an upward trend. The DALYs was 0.16 million. Incidence, prevalence and DALYs are predominantly female, except for mortality, which is predominantly male. Smoking predominantly affected males, while hypertension and diabetes had a greater impact on females. By 2030, ASDR is elevated, predominantly in males. ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate decline, predominantly in females. Conclusion: It is urgent for China to develop strategies based on the specific distribution characteristics of the PAD burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass-metal hetero-bonding through optical epoxy adhesive is frequently used in opto-mechanics and requires high stability. However, the bonding stability is difficult to achieve and predict in massive use cases, where dozens to thousands of metal pads are bonded to mount large optics. Here a universal adhesive bonding technology was proposed and evaluated through reliability analyses based on a limited number of sample tests. Specimens were prepared and tested via standard procedures and equipment; afterward, the lower strength limits were calculated with high reliability. Nominal tensile (6.7 MPa) and shear (4.3 MPa) strength limits at 99.95% reliability were expected for ongoing 30 m aperture telescopes. This study may improve the quality of opto-mechanical interfaces and reduce the risk on constructing extremely large telescopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine options trading in leveraged Exchange‐Traded Funds (ETFs) and their impact on the performance of the underlying funds. Using implied volatility innovations in call and put options, we demonstrate that option signals from leveraged ETFs are robust predictors of the underlying ETFs' performance. While both levered and unlevered option signals forecast ETF returns, the levered signal is more pronounced in both magnitude and relevance. This predictivity power primarily stems from inverse leveraged ETFs and during economic downturns. Furthermore, we use the leveraged ETF option signals to develop a trading strategy that produces an average abnormal performance of 1.13% per month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrically driven multi-stable cholesteric liquid crystals can be used to adjust the transmittance of incident light. Compared with the traditional liquid crystal optical devices, the multi-stable devices only apply an electric field during switching and do not require a continuous electric field to maintain the various optical states of the device. Therefore, the multi-stable devices have low energy consumption and have become a research focus for researchers. However, the multi-stable devices still have shortcomings before practical application, such as contrast, switching time, and mechanical strength. In this article, the latest research progress on electrically driven multi-stable cholesteric liquid crystals is reviewed, including electrically driven multi-stable modes, performance optimization, and applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of electrically driven multi-stable cholesteric liquid crystals are discussed in anticipation of contributing to the development of multi-stable liquid crystal devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the challenges of ground-based observation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) targets using on-Earth telescopes and proposes solutions for improving image quality and tracking fast-moving objects under atmospheric turbulence conditions. The study investigates major challenges, including atmospheric turbulence-induced aberrations, blurring, telescope platform vibrations, and spatial variations caused by the target motion. A scenario simulation is conducted considering practical limitations, such as feasible time slots for monitoring and the number of available frames within the Field of View (FoV). The paper proposes a novel method for detecting LEO targets using Harris corner features and matching adjacent images upon the corrected frames by Adaptive Optics (AO), with a 38 % reduction in the Mean Squared Error (MSE) achieved for certain frames within the isoplanatic angle. Additionally, a refinement strategy for deblurring images is proposed, combining the post-processing with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) filtering; with a proper filtering factor ( β = 0.1 ), an almost complete collection of 14 corner nodes can be detected. The feasibility of continuously tracking objects with uncontrolled attitudes, such as space debris, is successfully demonstrated with continuous monitoring of certain features. The proposed methods offer promising solutions for ground-based observation of LEO targets, providing insights for further research and application in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores advanced shape control techniques for ultra-lightweight electro-actuated polymers with composite ferroelectric thin films. It begins with an overview of PVDF-TrFE film actuators used in the development of thin-shell composites, emphasizing the need to overcome constraints related to the electrode size for successful scalability. Strain generation in thin-film actuators is investigated, including conventional electrode-based methods and non-contact electron flux excitation. Numerical studies incorporate experimentally calibrated ferroelectric parameters, modeling non-contact actuation with an equivalent circuit representation. The potential distribution generated by electron flux injection highlights its potential for reducing print-through actuation issues. Additionally, the paper outlines a vision for the future of large thin-shell reflectors by integrating the discussed methods for charging ferroelectric polymer films. A hierarchical control strategy is proposed, combining macro- and micro-scale techniques to rectify shape errors in lightweight reflectors. These strategies offer the potential to enhance precision and performance in future spaceborne observation systems, benefiting space exploration and communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]