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The operation of reservoir is to optimize the utilization of water resources and bring its maximum benefit. Most studies of reservoir scheduling generally pursue the maximization of revenue, and rarely consider the demand of water supply from reservoirs to agriculture or factories in the scheduling process. The few studies that have taken this into account have included this demand in the objective function or constraint, rather than in terms of marginal benefits. This work presents a method to determine water supply decision of reservoir based on marginal benefit. By iteratively linearizing the cascaded reservoir scheduling model and calculating the optimal solution to the dual problem of the model, this method provides a reference for the water supply plan of reservoir to agricultural departments and factories. The proposed method has been applied to 8 reservoirs on the Jinsha River cascade. Convergence in water head is achieved after 15 iterations, and numerical comparisons of the marginal value of water resources at different locations and periods across various reservoirs are obtained.

Exploring and taming the diffraction phenomena and divergence of light are foundational to enhancing comprehension of nature and developing photonic technologies. Despite the numerous types of nondiffraction beam generation technologies, the 3D deformation and intricate wavefront shaping of structures during propagation have yet to be studied through the lens of nanophotonic devices. Herein, the dynamic conversion of a circular Airy beam (CAB) to a Bessel beam with a single‐layer spin‐selective metasurface is demonstrated. This spatial transformation arises from the interplay of 1D local and 2D global phases, facilitating the 3D control of non‐diffractive light fields. An additional overall phase gradient and orbital angular momentum are introduced, which effectively altering the propagation direction and transverse fields of complex amplitude beams along the optical path. The manifested samples exhibit superior defect resistance, laying a crucial application in micro/nanolithography technologies. This approach expands the in‐plane spin‐selective mechanism and leverages the out‐of‐plane propagation dimension, allowing for integrated high‐resolution imaging, on‐chip optical micromanipulation, and micro/nanofabrication within a versatile nanophotonic platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With a surge in the prevalence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing starting in October 2022, hospitalisation rates increased markedly. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Using data from hospitalised patients, sex-based differences in clinical characteristics, in-hospital management, and in-hospital mortality among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were evaluated. Predictive factors associated with mortality in 1,091 patients admitted to the Beijing Anzhen Hospital (Beijing, China) for COVID-19 between October 2022 and January 2023 were also evaluated. Results: Data from 1,091 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. In-hospital mortality rates for male and female patients were 14.9% and 10.4%, respectively. Multifactorial logistic analysis indicated that lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) (odds ratio [OR] 0.863, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.805–0.925; p < 0.001), uric acid (OR 1.004, 95% CI: 1.002–1.006; p = 0.001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 1.094, 95% CI: 1.012–1.183; p = 0.024) levels were independently associated with COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality. Among female patients, multifactorial analysis revealed that LYM% (OR 0.856, 95% CI: 0.796–0.920; p < 0.001), older age (OR 1.061, 95% CI: 1.020–1.103; p = 0.003), obesity (OR 2.590, 95% CI: 1.131–5.931; p = 0.024), and a high high-sensitivity troponin I level (OR 2.602, 95% CI: 1.157–5.853; p = 0.021) were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the ROC curve, showed that the efficacy of LYM% in predicting in-hospital death was 0.800 (sensitivity, 63.2%; specificity, 83.2%) in male patients and 0.815 (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 64.4%) in female patients. Conclusion: LYM% is a consistent predictor of in-hospital mortality for both sexes. Older age and markers of systemic inflammation, myocardial injury, and metabolic dysregulation are also associated with a high mortality risk. These findings may help identify patients who require closer monitoring and tailored interventions to improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study integrates genetic algorithms with simulation programs, applying the genetic algorithm's (GA) fitness calculation within the simulation to reduce complexity and significantly improve the efficiency of the optimization process. Additionally, the simulation introduces the concept of "Field Leveling" (FL), utilizing a push–pull strategy to explore more space for absorbing and utilizing unnecessary spillage for energy generation, thereby maximizing electricity production and ensuring optimal reservoir scheduling. Two methods are provided, namely the field-leveling genetic algorithms GAFL1 and GAFL2. GAFL1 involves only pushing and does not include a push–pull process; thus, it cannot optimize spillage. On the other hand, GAFL2 implements a complete push–pull strategy, continuously exploring additional space to absorb and utilize unnecessary spillage. Both GAFL1 and GAFL2 achieved reasonable results; specifically, compared to SQP, GAFL1 improved firm yield by 8.3%, spillage increased by 2.2 times, and total energy decreased by 1.2%. GAFL2, building on the basis of GAFL1, effectively reduces spillage under all hydrological conditions without affecting the highest priority of stable output. However, the impact of reducing spillage on energy generation is not consistent; in wet and dry years, reducing spillage increases energy generation. However, in normal years, a reduction in spillage corresponds with decreased energy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a numerical and experimental study of polarization singularity arrays, which are generated by the coherent superposition of orthogonal, linearly polarized, even and odd Ince–Gaussian (IG) beams. The generated array consists of multiple polarization singularities of different types. The type of the polarization singularities can be adjusted effectively by switching the linear polarization states of two IG modes and by modifying the relative phase factor. In addition, we study the evolution of the arrays with the ellipticity parameter, which leads to the splitting and spatial rearrangement of polarization singularities. This work may have implications for material processing, optical trapping, and manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer organic crystals provide an unprecedented opportunity for studies on the intrinsic charge transport of organic semiconductors because of their 2D nature that is free of grain boundaries with fewer defects. However, due to the spatially stochastic molecular nucleation and the difficulty in controlling monolayer assembly, large‐scale growth of monolayer organic crystals remains a formidable challenge. Here, a self‐limited epitaxial growth strategy is proposed to realize large‐area patterned growth of monolayer organic crystals via physical vapor deposition process. Specifically, this approach confines the molecular nucleation and crystallization in defined wetting patterns, whose sizes are smaller than the mean free path of the molecules on substrate, enabling the formation of a single nucleus in wetting pattern. Meanwhile, the intermolecular lattice mismatch between 2,7‐dialkyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (Cn‐BTBT, n = 8 and 10) derivatives inhibits vertical molecular stacking, thereby promoting the monolayer assembly of organic molecules. Using this approach, centimeter‐sized patterned growth of mixed Cn‐BTBT monolayer organic crystals is achieved. Polarization‐sensitive phototransistors based on the monolayer organic crystals exhibit ultrahigh dichroic ratio up to 4.6 × 103, on par with the commercial polarizers (103). This work sheds light on large‐scale patterned growth of monolayer organic crystals toward high‐performance optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a public health emergency with strong infectious, corona virus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan,Hubei in December 2019 has attracted worldwide concern. The epidemiological features of COVID- 19 in China at the early stage are examined. The spread of COVID-19 has reached a peak in China. The epidemic situation is very severe, especially in the regions or central cities closely linked with Wuhan. The increase in cure rate of COVID-19 also predicts a reduction in the risk of fatality.

Situation emotion understanding is necessary for interpersonal communication and social interaction. Based on the situation of emotion understanding about autistic children literature at home and abroad, this article analyzed the characteristics of autism situational emotion intervention research, including the research object, research purpose, experimental design, data collection method, intervention method, intervention effect and so on. On this basis, some reflections and suggestions are put forward for the followup intervention.

With the continuous development of China's information technology, medical information is also constantly innovating, which is conducive to the diversity and effectiveness of the treatment of various diseases, including autism. Music therapy is the embodiment of the innovation of information media in medical informationization. Music therapy is a kind of information communication medium that uses music to stimulate and hypnotize people and stimulate physical reactions in various forms of music activities to promote people's physical and mental health. It is often used in the intervention research of autism. This article summarizes the effectiveness of music therapy for children with ASD in the latest research at home and abroad, and the advantages of music therapy in promoting social communication, improving attention, reducing stereotyped behavior, and improving negative emotions in children with ASD. It also reveals music How the treatment can improve the facial emotion recognition ability of children with ASD, the role of assistive robots and family participation in the music therapy of children with ASD.

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol exhibiting potentials in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and tissue regeneration. Despite its biological significances, the extremely low solubility of curcumin is a serious impediment to its clinical practice. In this study, a curcumin-calcium silicate solid dispersion was prepared via a classical ethanol-based solvent evaporation, in which mesoporous calcium silicate (mesoCS) was applied as dispersion medium aimed to improve water solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. The physicochemical properties of the resulting solid dispersions were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, DSC, and BET, respectively. In addition, loaded curcumin revealed a curcumin/mesoCS weight ratio depended dissolution improvement and over 60% of curcumin dissolved in the first 5 min for 1/9 weight ratio group. The released curcumin showed a 3410-fold increase of solubility of the original one, accompanied with anti-oxidant activity preservation. These results suggest mesoCS can be a potential solid dispersion carrier for curcumin in oral administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]