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In this paper, based on the weighted metric, the problem of approximating a general continuous fuzzy number u with derivable u(r) and ū(r) (left and right cut functions of level value r) for r ∈ (0, 1] by using the m − n−step type fuzzy number is studied. Two kinds of approximations (I−nearest approximation and II−nearest approximation which satisfy different conditions) of using m − n−step type fuzzy numbers to approximate general continuous fuzzy numbers are defined, and the relationship between the I−nearest approximation and II−nearest approximation is obtained. Then the methods of the two kinds of approximations are respectively presented by the theorems more specifically. At last, an example is given to show the effectiveness and usability of the methods set up by us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to investigate the anthelmintic activity of crude extracts and pure compounds from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla. The methanol extract showed a promising anthelmintic activity [...]

We review the relationship between miRNAs associated with ferroptosis and the evolution of AS. Even though, more evidence is asked to determine the role of miRNAs associated with ferroptosis in the AS, this review will help us understand the role of miRNAs in ferroptosis and AS and may provide new insights for probing new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AS for the time to come. This is a narrative essay. Using PubMed as the main source, a literature search strategy was randomly implemented to index Scopus articles. No specific terminology is used. Studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the development of AS, and a large amount of ferroptosis in cells can lead to the progression of AS. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) have been proved to be taken part in the biological course of ferroptosis and thus the process of AS is affected. The exact regulatory mechanism behind this appearance remains unclear. In order to clarify this, a growing number of studies have concentrated the regulatory role of miRNAs in the process of generation and development of ferroptosis, as well as the function of ferroptosis in the progression of AS. MiRNAs play a significant role in the process of ferroptosis and are incredibly significant in the occurrence, development, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refractive index of LiNiO2 thin films is complex and exhibits both dielectric and metallic properties. With LiNiO2 thin films coated on or inserted in photonic crystals (PCs), it is possible to enhance the absorptance in the designed (AB)nLiNiO2(BA)m PC structures. One-way absorption in the photonic bandgap of (AB) PCs has been observed via changing the optical transmitting direction. The positions, width, and strength of the absorption peaks depend on the thickness of the LiNiO2 films, the incident angles, and the transverse electric/transverse magnetic modes. The photonic band structure can be employed to determine the allowed and forbidden photonic modes and the related optical properties for (AB) PC and (AB)nLiNiO2 PCs. These novel absorption characteristics can enrich the optoelectric properties of LiNiO2 thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, using the transfer-matrix method, the optical transport process is investigated, with graphene inserted into multilayer dielectric structures, theoretically and numerically in the THz regime. When the incident frequency is lower than the graphene Fermi energy, the optical intra-band transitions provide the main contribution to the graphene surface current. The absorptance can be enhanced to about 50% with only one graphene/dielectric layer in air. When increasing the number of dielectric layers coated with graphene, the absorption increases. Periodic absorption peaks are observed in multilayer structures. The positions of the absorption peaks as a function of the frequency and the incident angle are in accordance with the positions of the abrupt change in the reflection coefficient phase and of the imaginary solution of the Bloch wavevector in expanding periodic structures using Bloch theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many electrically assisted processes have been reported to induce changes in microstructure and metal plasticity. To understand the physics-based mechanisms behind these interesting phenomena, however, requires an understanding of the interaction between the electric current and heterogeneous microstructure. In this work, multiscale modeling of the electric current flow in a nanocrystalline material is reported. The cellular automata method was used to track the nanoscale grain boundaries in the matrix. Maxwell's electromagnetic equations were solved to obtain the electrical potential distribution at the macro scale. Kirchhoff's circuit equation was solved to obtain the electric current flow at the micro/nano scale. The electric current distribution at two representative locations was investigated. A significant electric current concentration was observed near the grain boundaries, particularly near the triple junctions. This higher localized electric current leads to localized resistive heating near the grain boundaries. The electric current distribution could be used to obtain critical information such as localized resistive heating rate and extra system free energy, which are critical for explaining many interesting phenomena, including microstructure evolution and plasticity enhancement in many electrically assisted processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]