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308 results on '"Wand, Gary S"'

10. Early Life Stress as a Predictor of Co-Occurring Alcohol Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Author

Lee, Richard S., Oswald, Lynn M., and Wand, Gary S.

Subjects
Alcohol use, Physiological aspects, Analysis, Insurance industry, Insurance industry -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Epigenetic inheritance -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Neural circuitry -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Drinking (Alcoholic beverages) -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Alcoholism -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Medical research -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Psychopathology -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Glucocorticoids -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Physiological aspects -- Analysis, Clinical trials, Phenotypes, Genetic research, Genes, Brain
Abstract

Overview Although various forms of stress experienced during adulthood can be antecedents for the onset of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), stressful events suffered during childhood [...]

Published
2018

14. Disrupted executive cerebro‐cerebellar functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder.

Author

Rice, Laura C., Langan, Mackenzie T., Cheng, Dominic T., Sheu, Yi‐Shin, Peterburs, Jutta, Hua, Jun, Qin, Qin, Rilee, Jessica J., Faulkner, Monica L., Mathena, Joanna R., Munro, Cynthia A., Wand, Gary S., McCaul, Mary E., and Desmond, John E.

Subjects
ALCOHOLISM risk factors, STATISTICS, LARGE-scale brain networks, FUNCTIONAL connectivity, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, BRAIN mapping, RISK assessment, CEREBELLUM diseases, QUESTIONNAIRES, RESEARCH funding, DATA analysis
Abstract

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects 283 million people worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Despite the role of the cerebellum in executive control and its sensitivity to alcohol, few studies have assessed its involvement in AUD‐relevant functional networks. The goal of this study is to compare resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) patterns in abstinent adults with a history of AUD and controls (CTL). We hypothesized that group differences in cerebro‐cerebellar FC would be present, particularly within the frontoparietal/executive control network (FPN). Methods: Twenty‐eight participants completed a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) study. CTL participants had no history of AUD, comorbid psychological conditions, or recent heavy drinking and/or drug use. AUD participants had a history of AUD, with sobriety for at least 30 days prior to data collection. Multivariate pattern analysis, an agnostic, whole‐brain approach, was used to identify regions with significant differences in FC between groups. Seed‐based analyses were then conducted to determine the directionality and extent of these FC differences. Associations between FC strength and executive function were assessed using correlations with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance. Results: There were significant group differences in FC in nodes of the FPN, ventral attention network, and default mode network. Post hoc analyses predominantly identified FC differences within the cerebro‐cerebellar FPN, with AUD showing significantly less FC within the FPN. In AUD, FC strength between FPN clusters identified in the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) analysis (Left Crus II, Right Frontal Cortex) was positively associated with performance on the WCST. Conclusions: Our results show less engagement of the FPN in individuals with AUD than in CTL. FC strength within this network was positively associated with performance on the WCST. These findings suggest that long‐term heavy drinking alters cerebro‐cerebellar FC, particularly within networks that are involved in executive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Higher levels and blunted diurnal variation of cortisol in frail older women

Author

Varadhan, Ravi, Walston, Jeremy, Cappola, Anne R., Carlson, Michelle C., Wand, Gary S., and Fried, Linda P.

Subjects
Aged women -- Physiological aspects, Aged women -- Health aspects, Frail elderly -- Physiological aspects, Hydrocortisone -- Health aspects, Circadian rhythms -- Health aspects, Women -- Health aspects, Women -- Research, Health, Seniors
Abstract

Background. Frailty is an important geriatric condition with increased vulnerability to stressors (e.g., infection and injury) and for developing functional dependence and mortality. Impairments in signaling pathways, including neuroendocrine alterations, are thought to be involved in the etiology of frailty, but have not been well characterized to date. We evaluated whether higher levels and blunted diurnal variation of salivary cortisol are cross-sectionally associated with frailty burden. Methods. Two hundred fourteen community-dwelling women, 80-90 years old, from the Women's Health and Aging Study participated in this study between 2004 and 2005. Seven saliva samples were collected for cortisol measurement over a 24-hour period. Main outcomes were awakening, evening, and overall mean cortisol; diurnal amplitude; and rate of decline of cortisol level during morning hours. All cortisol concentrations were log-transformed. Frailty burden was calculated, based on a previously validated tool, as the number (0-5) of the following criteria present: weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, slowness, and inactivity. Results. Significant positive associations were found between frailty burden and evening cortisol ([beta] = 0.11, p = .04), and between frailty burden and 24-hour mean cortisol ([beta] = 0.07, p = .03). Increasing frailty burden was significantly associated with smaller declines in cortisol during morning hours ([beta] = 0.04, p = .02). Frailty burden of [greater than or equal to] 2 was associated with a smaller diurnal amplitude [beta] = -0.34, p = .03). Awakening cortisol was not significantly associated with frailty burden ([beta] = 0.01, p = .8). All analyses included adjustments for several important confounders. Conclusions, Our findings provide the first epidemiological evidence that higher levels and blunted diurnal variation of cortisol may be involved in the vulnerability and clinical presentation observed in frail older women. Key Words: Frailty--Salivary cortisol--Diurnal rhythm--HPA axis--Evening cortisol.

Published
2008

41. Associations of salivary cortisol with cognitive function in the Baltimore Memory Study

Author

Lee, Brian K., Glass,Thomas A., McAtee, Matthew J., Wand, Gary S., Bandeen-Roche, Karen, Bolla, Karen I., and Schwartz, Brian S.

Subjects
Hydrocortisone -- Analysis, Cognition disorders in old age -- Risk factors, Sex factors in disease -- Research, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2007

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