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The impact of plant health status change, specifically the effect of root rot infection, on rhizosphere microbial structure remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the dynamic variations in soil nutrient and rhizosphere microbial community during cowpea root rot infection. Samples of healthy and moderately to severely diseased cowpea rhizosphere soil were collected from a field in Xiangyang, Hubei, China, and high-throughput sequencing was used to detect changes in soil microbial communities. Our results showed that cowpea biomass decreased significantly with increased disease severity, and differences in soil pH and nutrients (NO3 --N, NH4 +-N, and available phosphorus) were observed between healthy and diseased rhizosphere, particularly under moderate diseased conditions. The process of root rot infection affected the bacterial and fungal community structure in the rhizosphere, but with inconsistent responses. Specifically, bacterial richness decreased with increased disease severity, while minor differences were observed in fungal alpha diversity. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant disparities in rhizosphere bacteria and fungi under healthy and diseased conditions (moderate and severe). Moreover, while bacterial communities underwent notable alterations, fungal communities exhibited no significant changes between moderate and severe diseased conditions. In addition, Redundancy analysis showed that bacteria beta diversity was determined by available potassium and pH in the rhizosphere, whereas fungal beta diversity was determined by soil organic matter and pH. Overall, with root rot infection, both the soil nutrients and microbial community structure of cowpea significant changed. As a result, our study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying cowpea root rot and other plant rhizosphere microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the conference paper "Value of Level III Prenatal Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis," by S. L. Li and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the conference paper "Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal aortic arch anomalies," by Y. Yao and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal anomalies of arch branches," by C. H. Wang and colleagues, is presented.

rpfC is one of a cluster of genes which coordinately regulate the synthesis of extracellular enzymes and exopolysaccharide and pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the black rot pathogen of brassicas. An rpfC homolog which could functionally complement an rpfC mutant of X. campestris pv. campestris was identified in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the gene was characterized. Mutation of this gene in X. oryzae pv. oryzae had no effect on extracellular enzymes, but exopolysaccharide synthesis and virulence to rice were substantially reduced.