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Objective: To present the clinical features of retinal astrocytic hamartoma (RAH) based on the acquired experience Methods: Medical records were analyzed on 10 patients diagnosed with RAH at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia, between 2013 and 2023. The average age of the patients was 16 years (range, 1 month – 32 years). Among these patients were 6 men, 1 woman, and 3 children (1 boy and 2 girls). The patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including visometry, tonometry, perimetry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and B-scan ultrasonography to determine the location and size of the lesion, as well as optical coherence tomography (OCT) for secondary retinal detachment Results: The average visual acuity (VA) of patients at the time of diagnosis was 0.7 (range, 0.16-1.0). VA in young children was assessed by tracking moving objects. All children were able to fixate and actively track the object. Most patients (n=8; 80%) were diagnosed with RAH based on the clinical (ophthalmoscopic) picture of the fundus, ultrasound, and OCT data. The average height of the RAH was 1.7 mm (range, 1.0 to 3.2 mm), and the average length was 4.2 mm (range, 0.4 to 7.6 mm). In all cases, the B-scan results showed lesions with hyperechogenicity of high amplitude. 4 patients displayed common signs – thickening of the neuroepithelium with optically empty spaces with a lobulated, "moth-eaten" appearance on the OCT. In contrast, the remaining patients had a homogeneous hyper-reflective thickening of the neuroepithelium in the lesion area. Two patients (20%) had cystoid macular edema in the fovea and secondary flat detachment of the neuroepithelium extending from the hamartoma to the fovea Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of RAH and retinoblastoma (RB) is crucial because, if misdiagnosed, it leads to unnecessary and aggressive treatment

Abstract Paleoclimate model simulations provide reference data to help interpret the geological record and offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of current models under diverse boundary conditions. Here, we present a dataset of 35 climate model simulations of the warm early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; ~ 50 million years ago) and corresponding preindustrial reference experiments. To streamline the use of the data, we apply standardised naming conventions and quality checks across eight modelling groups that have carried out coordinated simulations as part of the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP). Gridded model fields can be downloaded from an online repository or accessed through a new web application that provides interactive data exploration. Local model data can be extracted in CSV format or visualised online for streamlined model-data comparisons. Additionally, processing and visualisation code templates may serve as a starting point for advanced analysis. The dataset and online platform aim to simplify accessing and handling complex data, prevent common processing issues, and facilitate the sharing of climate model data across disciplines.

Introduction. The use of mineral additives in cement concrete compositions makes it possible to reduce the consumption of Portland cement, which, with increasing construction rates, reduces the negative impact on the environment during its production. However, the high cost and territorial limitation of the production of the most effective modifiers (microsilica, metakaolin) do not allow to satisfy the growing demand for them. The development of mineral additives from widely used raw materials will help solve the problem of the deficit of the most common additives, as well as to reduce the consumption of Portland cement. The mechanism of hardening of Portland cement with widespread mineral additives was studied in sufficient detail. At the same time, there are practically no works describing the processes of hydration of cement binder modified with mineral additives based on thermally activated clay and carbonate rocks.Materials and methods. The following mineral additives were used: thermally activated clay (Nikitskoye deposit, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia), dolomite (Elniki village, Republic of Mordovia), thermally activated mixture of clay and limestone (Atemar village, Republic of Mordovia). Using the method of X-ray phase analysis, the mechanisms of action of these mineral additives on hydration processes are considered.Results. It was established that the use of these mineral additives makes it possible to increase the degree of hydration of Portland cement and change the phase composition of the cement stone in a targeted manner.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the prospects and relevance of the direction for the development of concretes with modifying additives based on thermally activated polymineral clays and carbonate rocks, which makes it possible to expand the range of modified cement composites produced today due to more complete use of the local mineral resource base.

Ukraine's economy is in a state of crisis caused by the war. The agricultural sector in extreme conditions is trying to fulfill its function of ensuring the food security of the state, supporting its export potential despite limited resources and logistical problems. Agrarian science in the conditions of budget funding deficit is trying to find ways to use the scientific and experimental base, developed varieties and technologies to promote the stabilization and revival of agro-industrial production in the industry and regions. Effective models of implementing the innovative potential of agrarian science on a business basis are necessary. The purpose of the study is to justify the platform of market adaptation of science to crisis conditions and the mobilization of scientific potential in the breakthrough directions of the development of the agrarian sphere on the basis of innovative bioeconomy and close cooperation between science and business. To realize the set goal, the work assessed the possibilities of integrating science and business on the platform of innovative bioeconomy in the crisis economic and legal conditions of Ukraine; the bio-ecosystem of the platform and its operational mechanism of the partnership of science and business for the implementation of joint innovation and investment projects are substantiated. For the introduction of a well-founded bioecosystem, a set of measures is proposed for the formation of a platform in the system of agrarian science on the basis of conducted tests and adopted organizational decisions based on the example of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Cooperation between agricultural science and business on the basis of the proposed public-private partnership platform ensures the mobilization of scientific potential to solve pressing issues of innovative development of agricultural production, rural areas through the creation and transfer of breakthrough and supporting bioinnovations, the production of competitive innovative agro-food products.

A novel approach to the protection of unstable fat-soluble vitamins, using retinol as an example, is presented in this work. This method is based on introducing vitamin A molecules into casein micelles. Protective properties of micellar casein towards different forms of retinol (native vitamin and palmitic acid ester) in vitro and in emulsion-type meat products are investigated. A technology of the introduction using micellar casein concentrate (MCC) has been developed. Conditions similar to those in which vitamin molecules can be in meat emulsions during heat treatment are simulated in vitro. The optimal time of “encapsulation” (2 hours) and the need for additional surfactant (tween-80) are identified. The use of the casein micelles protection made it possible to increase the number of retinol molecules that did not undergo decomposition under model conditions (in vitro) from ~30% to ~80%. Using the vitamin premix the degree of degradation of vitamin molecules does not exceed 4% after heat treatment. Data received allowed us to determine the efficiency of the protection properties of casein micelles for unstable vitamin A molecules.

This research focused on the quality assessment of national project management in the Russian Federation as one of the most significant tools aimed at implementing an effective policy for socioeconomic development. The hypothesis was that increased investment in national programmes and their prioritisation in the framework of public administration could improve socioeconomic development in Russia. The human development index (HDI), which directly assesses the level of human development in different countries based on indicators such as life expectancy, education, and well-being, shows this level. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of Russian socioeconomic programmes based on an independent analysis of the HDI. The authors highlight the urgent need for improvement and articulate the range of potential challenges and solutions through a statistical analysis of the correlation between the HDI and indicators of project management costs in Russia and a regression evaluation of project implementation indicators. When implemented, these recommendations can improve the spending efficiency of federal funds, estimated at 8.5 trillion rubles, as well as regional and local funds allocated for executing national projects.

This study is dedicated to the investigation of the relationship between the wave activity in February and temperature variations in the Arctic lower stratosphere in March. To study this relationship, the correlation coefficients (CCs) between the minimum temperature of the Arctic lower stratosphere in March (Tmin) and the amplitude of the planetary wave with zonal number 1 (PW1) in February were calculated. Tmin determines the conditions for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) following the chemical destruction of the ozone layer. The NCEP and ERA5 reanalysis data and the modern and future climate simulations of the Earth system models INM CM5 and SOCOLv4 were employed. It is shown that the maximum significant CC value between Tmin at 70 hPa in the polar region in March and the amplitude of the PW1 in February in the reanalysis data in the lower stratosphere is 0.67 at the pressure level of 200 hPa. The CCs calculated using the model data are characterized by maximum values of ~0.5, also near the same pressure level. Thus, it is demonstrated that the change in the planetary wave activity in the lower extratropical stratosphere in February can be one of the predictors of the Tmin. For further analysis of the dynamic structure in the lower stratosphere, composites of 10 seasons with the lowest and highest Tmin of the Arctic lower stratosphere in March were assembled. For these composites, differences in the vertical distribution and total ozone content, surface temperature, and residual meridional circulation (RMC) were considered, and features of the spatial distribution of wave activity fluxes were investigated. The obtained results may be useful for the development of forecasting of the Arctic winter stratosphere circulation, especially for the late winter season, when substantial ozone depletion occurs in some years.

The study investigates the limitations posed by low-value heat transfer coefficients and higher wall superheat in conventional tube bundles, which adversely impact the performance of heat exchangers. To address this challenge, semi-closed microstructure tubes, created via deformational cutting at ribbing pitches of 300 µm and 400 µm, are proposed as a potential solution. The research centers on analyzing the two-phase boiling heat transfer performance of these microstructure tubes arranged in 2 × 3 staggered tube bundles. A comparative analysis is conducted, evaluating the thermal effectiveness of the microstructure tube bundles against a 2 × 3 smooth tube bundle and a copper-coated tube bundle under varying mass flux, heat flux, and pitch-to-diameter ratios. The experimental findings indicate the superior heat transfer performance of both microstructure tube bundles, with reduced wall superheat compared to other tube bundles. The findings further indicate that the 2 × 3 semi-closed microstructure tube bundle with a higher ribbing pitch outperforms the microstructure with a lower ribbing pitch. The 2 × 3 high-pitched microstructure tube bundle exhibits a maximum enhancement of 420 % over the 5 × 3 smooth tube bundle and 340 % over the 2 × 3 smooth tube bundle. Moreover, it surpasses the performance of copper-coated tube bundles by 230 % and outperforms its lower-pitch counterpart by 70 %. Particularly, the use of microstructure tube bundles allows for a reduction in the number of tubes required in the heat exchanger configuration without compromising its performance, promoting compactness and cost-effectiveness. Overall, the study highlights the feasibility of implementing these tubes in the two-phase heat exchanger owing to their superior performance compared to conventional tubes.

The present article is focused on the Moscow – Delhi – Beijing strategic “triangle” and its influence on India’s foreign policy. The author traces the history of the “triangle” conceptualizing the dynamic attitude of Russia, India and China to the notion of economic and geopolitical integration in Eurasia. After the dismemberment of the Soviet Union, the “triangle”, for quite a while, was evolving as a “2 plus 1” geometric figure; the highly controversial India – China relationship being the main reason for geostrategic stumbling block. The nascent regrouping of forces at the global level is pushing Beijing and Delhi to geopolitical rapprochement. What is emerging as a pivotal bilateral issue is the strategic stake of the Elephant and the Dragon in the coming polycentric world order. Also, the author believes that this reciprocal motion is encouraged by tectonic powershifts in world politics that have come into the open after the 24th of February, 2022. The “dramatic” remodeling of the international geopolitical space envisages a new intensity of Russia – India economic relations inside the “triangle”. Widening and deepening scope of bilateral economic relations might be sustained by an open mutual clearing system with absolute transparency. In Russia, to raise the effectiveness of bilateral economic ties, the state-guided strategic governance will come to rescue. The principles of strategic governance were successfully tested in the “developmental state” practiced by Japan, South Korea as well as other advanced societies of the Far East and South-east Asia. Another emerging “driver” of Russia – India relations is the scheme of the International Transportation Corridor with an active participation of Iran.