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6. HYMEX-SOPI : The Field Campaign Dedicated to Heavy Precipitation and Flash Flooding in the Northwestern Mediterranean

Author

Ducrocq, Véronique, Braud, Isabelle, Davolio, Silvio, Ferretti, Rossella, Flamant, Cyrille, Jansa, Agustin, Kalthoff, Norbert, Richard, Evelyne, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, Ayral, Pierre-Alain, Belamari, Sophie, Berne, Alexis, Borga, Marco, Boudevillain, Brice, Bock, Olivier, Boichard, Jean-Luc, Bouin, Marie-Noëlle, Bousquet, Olivier, Bouvier, Christophe, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Cimini, Domenico, Corsmeier, Ulrich, Coppola, Laurent, Cocquerez, Philippe, Defer, Eric, Delanoë, Julien, Di Girolamo, Paolo, Doerenbecher, Alexis, Drobinski, Philippe, Dufournet, Yann, Fourrié, Nadia, Gourley, Jonathan J., Labatut, Laurent, Lambert, Dominique, Le Coz, Jérôme, Marzano, Frank S., Molinié, Gilles, Montani, Andrea, Nord, Guillaume, Nuret, Mathieu, Ramage, Karim, Rison, William, Roussot, Odile, Said, Frédérique, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Testor, Pierre, Van Baelen, Joël, Vincendon, Béatrice, Aran, Montserrat, and Tamayo, Jorge

Published
2014

7. SUPPLEMENT : HYMEX-SOPI The Field Campaign Dedicated to Heavy Precipitation and Flash Flooding in the Northwestern Mediterranean

Author

Ducrocq, Véronique, Braud, Isabelle, Davolio, Silvio, Ferretti, Rossella, Flamant, Cyrille, Jansa, Agustin, Kalthoff, Norbert, Richard, Evelyne, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, Ayral, Pierre-Alain, Belamari, Sophie, Berne, Alexis, Borga, Marco, Boudevillain, Brice, Bock, Olivier, Boichard, Jean-Luc, Bouin, Marie-Noëlle, Bousquet, Olivier, Bouvier, Christophe, Chiggiato, Jacopo, Cimini, Domenico, Corsmeier, Ulrich, Coppola, Laurent, Cocquerez, Philippe, Defer, Eric, Delanoë, Julien, Di Girolamo, Paolo, Doerenbecher, Alexis, Drobinski, Philippe, Dufournet, Yann, Fourrié, Nadia, Gourley, Jonathan J., Labatut, Laurent, Lambert, Dominique, Le Coz, Jérôme, Marzano, Frank S., Molinié, Gilles, Montani, Andrea, Nord, Guillaume, Nuret, Mathieu, Ramage, Karim, Rison, William, Roussot, Odile, Said, Frédérique, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Testor, Pierre, Van Baelen, Joël, Vincendon, Béatrice, Aran, Montserrat, and Tamayo, Jorge

Published
2014

10. Hydrometeorological evaluation of two nowcasting systems for Mediterranean heavy precipitation events with operational considerations.

Author

Lovat, Alexane, Vincendon, Béatrice, and Ducrocq, Véronique

Subjects
NUMERICAL weather forecasting, PRECIPITATION forecasting, FLOOD forecasting, LEAD time (Supply chain management)
Abstract

Heavy precipitation events and subsequent flash floods regularly affect the Mediterranean coastal regions. In these situations, forecasting rainfall and river discharges is crucial especially up to 6 h, which is a relevant lead time for emergency services in times of crisis. The present study investigates the hydrometeorological skills of two new nowcasting systems: a numerical weather model AROME-NWC and a nowcasting system blending numerical weather prediction and extrapolation of radar estimation called PIAF. Their performance is assessed for 10 past heavy precipitation events that occurred in southeastern France. Precipitation forecasts are evaluated at a 15- min time resolution and the availability times of forecasts, based on the operational Météo-France suites, are taken into account when performing the evaluation. Rainfall observations and forecasts were first compared using a point-to-point approach. Then the evaluation was conducted from an hydrological point of view, by comparing observed and forecast precipitation over watersheds affected by floods. In general, the results led to the same conclusions for both evaluations. On the very first lead times, up to 1 h 15 min and 1 h 30 min of forecast, the performance of PIAF was higher than AROME-NWC. For longer lead times (up to 3 h) their performances were generally equivalent. An assessment of river discharges simulated with the ISBA-TOP coupled system, which is dedicated to Mediterranean flash flood simulations and driven by AROME-NWC and PIAF rainfall forecasts, was also performed on two exceptional past flash flood events. The results obtained for these two events show that using AROME-NWC or PIAF rainfall forecasts is promising for flash flood forecasting in terms of peak intensity, timing, and first wave of discharge, with an anticipation of these phenomena that can reach several hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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12. Hydrometeorological evaluation of two nowcasting systems for Mediterranean heavy precipitation events with operational considerations.

Author

Lovat, Alexane, Vincendon, Béatrice, and Ducrocq, Véronique

Abstract

Heavy precipitation events and subsequent flash floods regularly affect the Mediterranean coastal regions. In these situations, forecasting rainfall and river discharges is crucial especially up to six hours, which is a relevant lead time for emergency services in crisis time. The present study investigates the hydrometeorological skills of two new nowcasting systems: a numerical weather model AROME-NWC and a nowcasting system blending numerical weather prediction and extrapolation of radar estimation called PIAF. Their performance is assessed for 10 past heavy precipitation events that occurred in southeastern France. Precipitation forecasts are evaluated at a 15 min time resolution and the availability times of forecasts, based on the operational Météo-France suites, are taken into account when performing the evaluation. Rainfall observations and forecasts were first compared using a point-to-point approach. Then the evaluation was conducted from an hydrologic point of view, by comparing observed and forecast precipitation over watersheds affected by floods. In general, the results led to the same conclusions for both evaluations. On the very first lead times, up to 1h15/1h30 of forecast, the performance of PIAF is higher than AROME-NWC. For longer lead times (up to 3h) their performance are equivalent in general. An assessment of river discharges simulated with the ISBA-TOP coupled system, which is dedicated to Mediterranean flash-flood simulations, forced by AROME-NWC and PIAF rainfall forecasts, was also performed on two exceptional past flash flood events. The results obtained for these two events show that using AROME-NWC or PIAF rainfall forecasts is promising for flash-flood forecasting in terms of peak intensity, timing, and first rise of discharge, with an anticipation of these phenomena that can reach several hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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13. Assessing the impact of resolution and soil datasets on flash-flood modelling.

Author

Lovat, Alexane, Vincendon, Béatrice, and Ducrocq, Véronique

Subjects
SOIL texture, LAND cover, SOILS, LAND use, RUNOFF, SCIENTIFIC models, WATERSHEDS
Abstract

The present study assesses the impacts of two grid resolutions and the descriptors of soil texture and land cover on flash-flood modelling at local and basin scales. The ISBA-TOP coupled system, which is dedicated to Mediterranean flash-flood simulations, is used with two grid-cell sizes (300 and 1000 m), two soil texture datasets, and two land use databases to model 12 past flash-flood events in southeastern France. The skill of the hydrological simulations is assessed using conventional data (discharge measurements from operational networks) and proxy data such as post-event surveys and high-water marks. The results show significant differences between the experiments in terms of both the simulated river discharge and the spatial runoff, whether at the catchment scale or at the local scale. The spatial resolution has the largest impact on the hydrological simulations. In this study, it is also shown that the soil texture has a larger impact on the results than the land cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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14. Climate monitoring and heat and cold waves detection over France using a new spatialization of daily temperature extremes from 1947 to present.

Author

Besson, François, Dubuisson, Brigitte, Etchevers, Pierre, Gibelin, Anne-Laure, Lassegues, Pierre, Schneider, Michel, and Vincendon, Béatrice

Subjects
HEAT waves (Meteorology), HEAT, TEMPERATURE, CLIMATOLOGY, NEW product development, COMMON cold
Abstract

For many years real-time climate monitoring for temperature over France has been performed using a national index built by averaging the daily mean temperatures of constant subset of 30 stations with long-term series. In order to derive climate indices at finer scales, a spatialization of extreme daily temperatures (called ANASTASIA) had been produced on a 1 km regular grid using a regression-kriging method. The production covers 1947 to present period. Cross-validation shows low biases after the 1960s. The temporal homogeneity of the product is satisfying at the national scale from the 1970s. However, a high impact of the network density has been found and the use of a too coarse observation network deteriorates the analysis creating temporal heterogeneities. Finally, the ANASTASIA analysis has been used for real-time monitoring over France and detection of heat and cold wave episodes. The new products based on ANASTASIA are consistent with the current operational ones at national scale while bringing added values at local scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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15. First results from the HyMeX-SOP1 field campaign dedicated to Mediterranean heavy precipitation and flash-floods

Author

Ducrocq, Véronique, Bouttier, François, Delanoë, Julien, Duffourg, Fanny, Flamant, Cyrille, Freney, Evelyn, Nuissier, Olivier, Pinty, Jean-Pierre, Vie, Benoit, Vincendon, Béatrice, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Precipitation, Flash-flood, Mediterranean, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Field campaign 
Abstract

International audience; The Mediterranean region is frequently affected by heavy precipitation events (HPE) associated with flash-floods (FF), landslides and mudslides each year that cost several thousands millions of euros in damage and causing too often casualties. Within the framework of the 10-year international HyMeX program dedicated to the hydrological cycle and related processes in the Mediterranean, a major field campaign has been dedicated to heavy precipitation and flash-floods from September to November 2012. The 2-month field campaign took place over the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea and its surrounding coastal regions in France, Italy and Spain. The observation strategy aimed at documenting four key components leading to heavy precipitation and flash-flooding in that region: (i) the marine atmospheric flows that transport moist and conditionally unstable air towards the coasts; (ii) the Mediterranean Sea as a moisture and energy source; (iii) the dynamics and microphysics of the convective systems; (iv) the hydrological processes during flash-floods. The presentation will briefly provide the rationale for developing this field campaign and an overview of the design and execution of the field campaign (Ducrocq et al, 2013). Highlights on specific Intense Observations Periods (IOPs) will illustrate some first results using aircraft and ground-based observations and associated modeling studies in terms of (i) atmospheric process understanding, (ii) HPE and FF predictability studies and (iii) NWP validation and improvement. HyMeX is endorsed by WWRP-THORPEX and WWRP JSC.

Published
2014

16. Assessing the impact of resolution and soil datasets on flash-flood modelling.

Author

Lovat, Alexane, Vincendon, Béatrice, and Ducrocq, Véronique

Abstract

The present study assesses the impacts of the grid resolution and the descriptors of soil texture and land cover on flash-flood modelling at local and basin scales. The ISBA-TOP coupled system, which is dedicated to Mediterranean flash-flood simulations, is used with two grid-cell sizes (300 m and 1000 m) and various soil datasets to model 12 past flash-flood events in southeastern France. The skill of the hydrological simulations is assessed using conventional data (discharge measurements from operational networks) and proxy data such as post-event surveys and high-water marks. The results show significant differences between the experiments in terms of both the simulated river discharge and the spatial runoff, whether at the catchment scale or at the local scale. The spatial resolution has the largest impact on the hydrological simulations. In this study, it is also shown that the soil texture has a larger impact on the results than the land cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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17. Flash-flood forecasting with the SURFEX/TOPMODEL coupled system

Author

Vincendon, Béatrice, Bouilloud, Ludovic, Chancibault, Katia, Saulnier, Georges-Marie, Ducrocq, V., Habets, Florence, Martin, E., Noilhan, Joël, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published
2007

18. Flash-flood forecasting in two Spanish Mediterranean catchments: a comparison of distinct hydrometeorological ensemble prediction strategies.

Author

Vincendon, Béatrice and Amengual, Arnau

Subjects
FLOOD forecasting, HYDROMETEOROLOGY, RISK assessment
Abstract

Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Systems (HEPSs) are becoming more and more popular methods to deal with the meteorological and hydrological uncertainties that affect discharge forecasts. These uncertainties are particularly difficult to handle when dealing with Mediterranean flash-flood forecasting as many hydrological and meteorological factors take place and precipitation comes from small scale convective systems. In this work, the performances of distinct HEPS are compared for two heavy precipitation events that affected two different semi-arid Spanish Mediterranean catchments: the cases of the 03 November 2011 on the Llobregat River in Catalonia, and the 28 September 2012 on the Guadalentín River near in Murcia. The latter case corresponds to the eighth Intense Observing Period (IOP8) of HYMEX field campaign. The uncertainty on quantitative precipitation forecasting is sampled by using two different convection-permitting meteorological ensemble generation strategies. The first EPS strategy consists in dynamically downscaling the ECMWF-EPS directly by means of the WRF model, whereas the second is based on the AROME-WMED model. Its deterministic QPFs are perturbed based on a previous rainfall forecast error climatology and by using the probability density functions of the errors, in term of total amounts and location of the heaviest rainfalls. The population of both ensembles is of 50 members, which are used to drive the semi-distributed and conceptual HEC-HMS and the fully distributed and physically-based ISBA-TOP hydrological models. For each HEPS, the performance is assessed in term of the quantitative discharge forecasts. The results point out the benefits of using (i) a hydrological model when evaluating highly-variable and convective-driven precipitation fields and (ii) an EPS to better encompass these uncertainties arising from the different elements of the HEPS. Issues about the optimal number of ensemble members and impact of the ensemble forecasting lead time are addressed for optimal flash-flood forecasting purposes as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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19. A high space–time resolution dataset linking meteorological forcing and hydro-sedimentary response in a mesoscale Mediterranean catchment (Auzon) of the Ardèche region, France

Author

Nord, Guillaume, Boudevillain, Brice, Berne, Alexis, Branger, Flora, Braud, Isabelle, Dramais, Guillaume, Gérard, Simon, Le Coz, Jérôme, Legoût, Cédric, Molinié, Gilles, Van Baelen, Joel, Vandervaere, Jean-Pierre, Andrieu, Julien, Aubert, Coralie, Calianno, Martin, Delrieu, Guy, Grazioli, Jacopo, Hachani, Sahar, Horner, Ivan, Huza, Jessica, Le Boursicaud, Raphaël, Raupach, Timothy H., Teuling, Adriaan J., Uber, Magdalena, Vincendon, Béatrice, and Wijbrans, Annette

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water
Abstract

A comprehensive hydrometeorological dataset is presented spanning the period 1 January 201131 December 2014 to improve the understanding of the hydrological processes leading to flash floods and the relation between rainfall, runoff, erosion and sediment transport in a mesoscale catchment (Auzon, 116 km(2)) of the Mediterranean region. Badlands are present in the Auzon catchment and well connected to high-gradient channels of bedrock rivers which promotes the transfer of suspended solids downstream. The number of observed variables, the various sensors involved (both in situ and remote) and the space-time resolution (similar to km(2), similar to min) of this comprehensive dataset make it a unique contribution to research communities focused on hydrometeorology, surface hydrology and erosion. Given that rainfall is highly variable in space and time in this region, the observation system enables assessment of the hydrological response to rainfall fields. Indeed, (i) rainfall data are provided by rain gauges (both a research network of 21 rain gauges with a 5 min time step and an operational network of 10 rain gauges with a 5 min or 1 h time step), S-band Doppler dual-polarization radars (1 km(2), 5 min resolution), disdrometers (16 sensors working at 30 s or 1 min time step) and Micro Rain Radars (5 sensors, 100m height resolution). Additionally, during the special observation period (SOP-1) of the HyMeX (Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) project, two X-band radars provided precipitation measurements at very fine spatial and temporal scales (1 ha, 5 min). (ii) Other meteorological data are taken from the operational surface weather observation stations of Meteo-France (including 2m air temperature, atmospheric pressure, 2 m relative humidity, 10m wind speed and direction, global radiation) at the hourly time resolution (six stations in the region of interest). (iii) The monitoring of surface hydrology and suspended sediment is multi-scale and based on nested catchments. Three hydrometric stations estimate water discharge at a 2-10 min time resolution. Two of these stations also measure additional physico-chemical variables (turbidity, temperature, conductivity) and water samples are collected automatically during floods, allowing further geochemical characterization of water and suspended solids. Two experimental plots monitor overland flow and erosion at 1 min time resolution on a hillslope with vineyard. A network of 11 sensors installed in the intermittent hydrographic network continuously measures water level and water temperature in headwater subcatchments (from 0.17 to 116 km(2)) at a time resolution of 2-5 min. A network of soil moisture sensors enables the continuous measurement of soil volumetric water content at 20 min time resolution at 9 sites. Additionally, concomitant observations (soil moisture measurements and stream gauging) were performed during floods between 2012 and 2014. Finally, this dataset is considered appropriate for understanding the rainfall variability in time and space at fine scales, improving areal rainfall estimations and progressing in distributed hydrological and erosion modelling., Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 671

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