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8. Historical diversification of Pseudonympha Wallengren, 1857 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).

Author

van Steenderen, Clarke J. M., Pringle, Ernest L., and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
SUBSPECIES, NYMPHALIDAE, BIOLOGICAL extinction, BUTTERFLIES, CONTINENTAL drift, LEPIDOPTERA, HOST plants, CICADAS
Abstract

The butterfly genus Pseudonympha and several related genera are endemic to southern Africa. Although many of the species are montane, some inhabit the arid interior of South Africa, offering an opportunity to study the palaeobiogeography of this biome. Morphological data (for all species of Pseudonympha and allied African and Asian genera) and molecular data (WG and COI genes for nine of the 15 species of Pseudonympha and all of the southern African endemic genera of Ypthimina) were compiled. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Pseudonympha apparently originated in the Cape Fold Mountains about 15 Mya ago and spread steadily eastwards and northwards along the Great Escarpment during the aridification of the region, perhaps assisted by orogeny in the east and oceanic cooling in the west. Aridification cycles seem to have intermittently isolated some early lineages in elevated habitats in the interior, so that those lineages show lower speciation rates (or perhaps higher extinction rates) than those in the east. Four species delineation techniques indicated that some species are taxonomically oversplit. Based on genetic polyphyly and morphological similarity, we propose that the status of P. swanepoeli be reduced to that of a subspecies of P. varii, such that all the north-eastern populations from Harrismith to Tzaneen fall under P. varii swanepoeli van Son stat. n., and all the southern populations fall under P. varii varii van Son stat. n. Ultimately, the diversification of both of these lineages seems tied to their host plants' response to aridification brought on by continental drift and orogeny. Sympatric organisms (eg cicadas) with biologies focused around different resources (eg savanna trees) show other patterns of diversification. The phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Ypthimina also supports the monophyly of Paternympha, paraphyly of Ypthima, recognition of Thymipa Moore stat. rev. as a phylogenetic independent genus, and new relationships for Strabena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. #SideHustle: Jason G. H. Londt's contribution to holdings of the South African Cicadidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum.

Author

Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
*HOMOPTERA, *MUSEUMS, *PREDATION, *CICADAS
Abstract

Jason G.H. Londt contributed almost a quarter of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum's specimens of Cicadidae, including a strong sample of females, and probably the best set to date of African records of predation on cicadas by robber flies. The collection provides evidence that robber flies catch more male cicadas; speculatively, because attacks on the heavier-bodied female fail more often. The metadata derived from these specimens also provide a small gazetteer of Londt's collecting sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. The uses of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in forensic entomology

Author

Badenhorst, Rozane and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, forensic entomology, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Review, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, taxonomy, 0302 clinical medicine, Chrysomya megacephala, morphology, life cycle, Carrion, Forensic entomology, Calliphoridae, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, lcsh:K5000-5582, biogeography, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, Forensic science, 010602 entomology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Geography, Anthropology, lcsh:Criminal law and procedure, Forensic sciences, ecology
Abstract

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) occurs on every continent and is closely associated with carrion and decaying material in human environments. Its abilities to find dead bodies and carry pathogens give it a prominence in human affairs that may involve prosecution or litigation, and therefore forensic entomologists. The identification, geographical distribution and biology of the species are reviewed to provide a background for approaches that four branches of forensic entomology (urban, stored-product, medico-criminal and environmental) might take to investigations involving this fly.

Published
2018

21. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Zeineb, Zian, Brown, Peter, Tan, Aik-Choon, El-Esawi, Mohamed A., Liehr, Thomas, Blanck, Oliver, Gladue, Douglas P., Almeida, Gabriel M. F., Cernava, Tomislav, Sorzano, Carlos O., Yeung, Andy W. K., Engel, Michael S., Chandrasekaran, Arun Richard, Muth, Thilo, Staege, Martin S., Daulatabad, Swapna V., Widera, Darius, Zhang, Junpeng, Meule, Adrian, Honjo, Ken, Pourret, Olivier, Yin, Cong-Cong, Zhang, Zhongheng, Cascella, Marco, Flegel, Willy A., Goodyear, Carl S., Raaij, Mark J. van, Bukowy-Bieryllo, Zuzanna, Campana, Luca G., Kurniawan, Nicholas A., Lalaouna, David, Hüttner, Felix J., Ammerman, Brooke A., Ehret, Felix, Cobine, Paul A., Tan, Ene-Choo, Han, Hyemin, Xia, Wenfeng, McCrum, Christopher, Dings, Ruud P. M., Marinello, Francesco, Nilsson, Henrik, Nixon, Brett, Voskarides, Konstantinos, Yang, Long, Costa, Vincent D., Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, Bradshaw, William, Grimm, Dominik G., Kumar, Nitin, Martis, Elvis, Prieto, Daniel, Sabnis, Sandeep C., Amer, Said E. D. R., Liew, Alan W. C., Perco, Paul, Rahimi, Farid, Riva, Giuseppe, Zhang, Chongxing, Devkota, Hari P., Ogami, Koichi, Basharat, Zarrin, Fierz, Walter, Siebers, Robert, Tan, Kok-Hian, Boehme, Karen A., Brenneisen, Peter, Brown, James A. L., Dalrymple, Brian P., Harvey, David J., Ng, Grace, Werten, Sebastiaan, Bleackley, Mark, Dai, Zhanwu, Dhariwal, Raman, Gelfer, Yael, Hartmann, Marcus D., Miotla, Pawel, Tamaian, Radu, Govender, Pragashnie, Gurney-Champion, Oliver J., Kauppila, Joonas H., Zhang, Xiaolei, Echeverría, Natalia, Subhash, Santhilal, Sallmon, Hannes, Tofani, Marco, Bae, Taeok, Bosch, Oliver, Cuív, Páraic O., Danchin, Antoine, Diouf, Barthelemy, Eerola, Tuomas, Evangelou, Evangelos, Filipp, Fabian V., Klump, Hannes, Kurgan, Lukasz, Smith, Simon S., Terrier, Olivier, Tuttle, Neil, Ascher, David B., Janga, Sarath C., Schulte, Leon N., Becker, Daniel, Browngardt, Christopher, Bush, Stephen J., Gaullier, Guillaume, Ide, Kazuki, Meseko, Clement, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Zaucha, Jan, Al-Farha, Abd A., Greenwald, Noah F., Popoola, Segun I., Rahman, Md Shaifur, Xu, Jialin, Yang, Sunny Y., Hiroi, Noboru, Alper, Ozgul M., Baker, Chris I., Bitzer, Michael, Chacko, George, Debrabant, Birgit, Dixon, Ray, Forano, Evelyne, Gilliham, Matthew, Kelly, Sarah, Klempnauer, Karl-Heinz, Lidbury, Brett A., Lin, Michael Z., Lynch, Iseult, Ma, Wujun, Maibach, Edward W., Mather, Diane E., Nandakumar, Kutty S., Ohgami, Robert S., Parchi, Piero, Tressoldi, Patrizio, Xue, Yu, Armitage, Charles, Barraud, Pierre, Chatzitheochari, Stella, Coelho, Luis P., Diao, Jiajie, Doxey, Andrew C., Hu, Pingzhao, Kaiser, Stefan, Mitchell, Kate M., Salama, Mohamed F., Shabalin, Ivan G., Song, Haijun, Stevanovic, Dejan, Yadollahpour, Ali, Zeng, Erliang, Zinke, Katharina, Alimba, C. G., Beyene, Tariku J., Cao, Zehong, Chan, Sherwin S., Gatchell, Michael, Kleppe, Andreas, Piotrowski, Marcin, Torga, Gonzalo, Woldesemayat, Adugna A., Cosacak, Mehmet I., Haston, Scott, Ross, Stephanie A., Williams, Richard, Wong, Alvin, Abramowitz, Matthew K., Effiong, Andem, Lee, Senhong, Abid, Muhammad Bilal, Agarabi, Cyrus, Alaux, Cedric, Albrecht, Dirk R., Atkins, Gerald J., Beck, Charles R., Bonvin, A. M. J. J., Bourke, Emer, Brand, Thomas, Braun, Ralf J., Bull, James A., Cardoso, Pedro, Carter, Dee, Delahay, Robin M., Ducommun, Bernard, Duijf, Pascal H. G., Epp, Trevor, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Fallah, Mazyar, Farber, Debora B., Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Feyerabend, Frank, Florio, Tullio, Friebe, Michael, Furuta, Saori, Gabrielsen, Mads, Gruber, Jens, Grybos, Malgorzata, Han, Qian, Heinrich, Michael, Helanterä, Heikki, Huber, Michael, Jeltsch, Albert, Jiang, Fan, Josse, Claire, Jurman, Giuseppe, Kamiya, Haruyuki, Keersmaecker, Kim de, Kristiansson, Erik, Leeuw, Frank-Erik de, Li, Jiuyong, Liang, Shide, Lopez-Escamez, Jose A., Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J., Marchbank, Kevin J., Marschalek, Rolf, Martín, Carmen S., Miele, Adriana E., Montagutelli, Xavier, Morcillo, Esteban, Nicoletti, Rosario, Niehof, Monika, O’Toole, Ronan, Ohtomo, Toshihiko, Oster, Henrik, Palma, Jose-Alberto, Paterson, Russell, Peifer, Mark, Portilla, Maribel, Portillo, M. C., Pritchard, Antonia L., Pusch, Stefan, Raghava, Gajendra P. S., Roberts, Nicola J., Ross, Kehinde, Schuele, Birgitt, Sergeant, Kjell, Shen, Jun, Stella, Alessandro, Sukocheva, Olga, Uversky, Vladimir N., Vanneste, Sven, Villet, Martin H., Viveiros, Miguel, Vorholt, Julia A., Weinstock, Christof, Yamato, Masayuki, Zabetakis, Ioannis, Zhao, Xin, Ziegler, Andreas, Aizat, Wan M., Atlas, Lauren, Bridges, Kristina M., Chakraborty, Sayan, Deschodt, Mieke, Domingues, Helena S., Esfahlani, Shabnam S., Falk, Sebastian, Guisado, J. L., Kane, Nolan C., Kueberuwa, Gray, Lau, Colleen L., Liang, Dai, Liu, Enwu, Luu, Andreas M., Ma, Chuang, Ma, Lisong, Moyer, Robert, Norris, Adam D., Panthee, Suresh, Parsons, Jerod R., Peng, Yousong, Pinto, Inês Mendes, Reschke, Cristina R., Sillanpää, Elina, Stewart, Christopher J., Uhle, Florian, Yang, Hui, Zhou, Kai, Zhu, Shu, Ashry, Mohamed, Bergsland, Niels, Berthold, Maximilian, Chen, Chang-Er, Colella, Vito, Cuypers, Maarten, Eskew, Evan A., Fan, Xiao, Gajda, Maksymilian, Gonzálezlez-Prendes, Rayner, Goodin, Amie, Graham, Emily B., Groen, Ewout J. N., Gutiérrez-Sacristán, Alba, Habes, Mohamad, Heffler, Enrico, Higginbottom, Daniel B., Janzen, Thijs, Jayaraman, Jayakumar, Jibb, Lindsay A., Jongen, Stefan, Kinyanjui, Timothy, Koleva-Kolarova, Rositsa G., Li, Zhixiu, Liu, Yu-Peng, Lund, Bjarte A., Lussier, Alexandre A., Ma, Liping, Mier, Pablo, Moore, Matthew D., Nagler, Katja, Orme, Mark W., Pearson, James A., Prajapati, Anilkumar S., Saito, Yu, Tröder, Simon E., Uchendu, Florence, Verloh, Niklas, Voutchkova, Denitza D., Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Bakkach, Joaira, Baumert, Philipp, Dono, Marcos, Hanson, Jack, Herbelet, Sandrine, Hobbs, Emma, Kulkarni, Ameya, Kumar, Narendra, Liu, Siqi, Loft, Nikolai D., Reddan, Tristan, Senghore, Thomas, Vindin, Howard, Xu, Haotian, Bannon, Ross, Chen, Branson, Cheung, Johnny T. K., Cooper, Jeffrey, Esnakula, Ashwini K., Feghali, Karine A., Ghelardi, Emilia, Gnasso, Agostino, Horbar, Jeffrey, Lai, Hei M., Li, Jian, Ma, Lan, Ma, Ruiyan, Pan, Zihang, Peres, Marco A., Pranata, Raymond, Seow, Esmond, Sydes, Matthew, Testoni, Ines, Westermair, Anna L., Yang, Yongliang, Afnan, Masoud, Albiol, Joan, Albuquerque, Lucia G., Amiya, Eisuke, Amorim, Rogerio M., An, Qianli, Andersen, Stig U., Aplin, John D., Argyropoulos, Christos, Asmann, Yan W., Assaeed, Abdulaziz M., Atanasov, Atanas G., Atchison, David A., Avery, Simon V., Avillach, Paul, Baade, Peter D., Backman, Lars, Badie, Christophe, Baldi, Alfonso, Ball, Elizabeth, Bardot, Olivier, Barnett, Adrian G., Basner, Mathias, Batra, Jyotsna, Bazanova, O. M., Beale, Andrew, Beddoe, Travis, Bell, Melanie L., Berezikov, Eugene, Berners-Price, Sue, Bernhardt, Peter, Berry, Edward, Bessa, Theolis B., Billington, Craig, Birch, John, Blakely, Randy D., Blaskovich, Mark A. T., Blum, Robert, Boelaert, Marleen, Bogdanos, Dimitrios, Bosch, Carles, Bourgoin, Thierry, Bouvard, Daniel, Boykin, Laura M., Bradley, Graeme, Braun, Daniel, Brownlie, Jeremy, Brühl, Albert, Burt, Austin, Butler, Lisa M., Byrareddy, Siddappa N., Byrne, Hugh J., Cabantous, Stephanie, Calatayud, Sara, Candal, Eva, Carlson, Kimberly, Casillas, Sònia, Castelvetro, Valter, Caswell, Patrick T., Cavalli, Giacomo, Cerovsky, Vaclav, Chagoyen, Monica, Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Dong F., Chen, Hao, Chen, Hui, Chen, Jui-Tung, Chen, Yinglong, Cheng, Changxiu, Cheng, Jianlin, Chinapaw, Mai, Chinopoulos, Christos, Cho, William C. S., Chong, Lillian, Chowdhury, Debashish, Chwalibog, Andre, Ciresi, A., Cockcroft, Shamshad, Conesa, Ana, Cook, Penny A., Cooper, David N., Coqueret, Olivier, Corea, Enoka M., Costa, Elisio, Coupland, Carol, Crawford, Stephanie Y., Cruz, Aparecido D., Cui, Huijuan, Cui, Qiang, Culver, David C., D’Angiulli, Amedeo, Dahms, Tanya E. S., Daigle, France, Dalgleish, Raymond, Danielsen, Håvard E., Darras, Sébastien, Davidson, Sean M., Day, David A., Degirmenci, Volkan, Demaison, Luc, Devriendt, Koenraad, Ding, Jiandong, Dogan, Yunus, Dong, X. C., Donner, Claudio F., Dressick, Walter, Drevon, Christian A., Duan, Huiling, Ducho, Christian, Dumaz, Nicolas, Dwarakanath, Bilikere S., Ebell, Mark H., Eisenhardt, Steffen, Elkum, Naser, Engel, Nadja, Erickson, Timothy B., Fairhead, Michael, Faville, Marty J., Fejzo, Marlena S., Festa, Fernanda, Feteira, Antonio, Flood-Page, Patrick, Forsayeth, John, Fox, Simon A., Franks, Steven J., Frentiu, Francesca D., Frilander, Mikko J., Fu, Xinmiao, Fujita, Satoshi, Galea, Ian, Galluzzi, Luca, Gani, Federica, Ganpule, Arvind P., García-Alix, Antonio, Gedye, Kristene, Giordano, Maurizio, Giunta, Cecilia, Gleeson, Paul A., Goarant, Cyrille, Gong, Haipeng, Gora, Diop, Gough, Michael J., Goyal, Ravinder, Graham, Kathryn E., Grande-Pérez, Ana, Graves, Patricia M., Greidanus, Harm, Grice, Darren, Grunau, Christoph, Gumulya, Yosephine, Guo, Yabin, Gurevich, Vsevolod V., Gusev, Oleg, Hacker, Elke, Hage, Steffen R., Hagen, Guy, Hahn, Steven, Haller, Dagmar M., Hammerschmidt, Sven, Han, Jianwei, Han, Renzhi, Handfield, Martin, Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige C., Harder, Timm, Hardingham, Jennifer E., Heck, Michelle, Heers, Marcel, Hew, Khe F., Higuchi, Yohei, Hilaire, Cynthia St, Hilton, Rachel, Hodzic, Enisa, Hone, Andrew, Hongoh, Yuichi, Hu, Guoku, Huber, Heinz P., Hueso, Luis E., Huirne, Judith, Hurt, Lisa, Idborg, Helena, Ikeo, Kazuho, Ingley, Evan, Jakeman, Philip M., Jensen, Arne, Jia, Hong, Jia, Husen, Jia, Shuqin, Jiang, Jianping, Jiang, Xingyu, Jin, Yi, Jo, Daehyun, Johnson, Andrew M., Johnston, Marie, Jonscher, Karen R., Jorens, Philippe G., Jorgensen, Jens O. L., Joubert, Johan W., Jung, Sin-Ho, Junior, Antonio M., Kahan, Thomas, Kamboj, Sunjeev K., Kang, Yong-Kook, Karamanos, Yannis, Karp, Natasha A., Kelly, Ryan, Kenna, Ralph, Kennedy, Jonathan, Kersten, Birgit, Khalaf, Roy A., Khalid, Javaria M., Khatlani, T., Khider, Tarig, Kijanka, Gregor S., King, Sarah R. B., Kluz, Tomasz, Knox, Paul, Kobayashi, Tatsuya, Koch, Karl-Wilhelm, Kohonen-Corish, Maija R. J., Kong, Xiangpeng, Konkle-Parker, Deborah, Korpela, Kalevi M., Kostrikis, Leondios G., Kraiczy, Peter, Kratz, Harald, Krause, Günter, Krebsbach, Paul H., Kristensen, Søren R., Kumari, Prerna, Kunimatsu, Akira, Kurdak, Hatice, Kwon, Young D., Lachat, Carl, Lagisz, Malgorzata, Laky, Brenda, Lammerding, Jan, Lange, Matthias, Larrosa, Mar, Laslett, Andrew L., LeClair, Elizabeth E., Lee, Kyung-Woo, Lee, Ming-Yih, Lee, Moon-Soo, Li, Genyuan, Li, Jiansheng, Lieb, Klaus, Lim, Yau Y., Lindsey, Merry L., Line, Paul-Dag, Liu, Dengcai, Liu, Fengbin, Liu, Haiyan, Liu, Hongde, Lloyd, Vett K., Lo, Te-Wen, Locci, Emanuela, Loidl, Josef, Lorenzen, Johan, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lovell, Nigel H., Lu, Hua, Lu, Wei, Lu, Zhiyong, Luengo, Gustavo S., Lundh, Lars-Gunnar, Lysy, Philippe A., Mabb, Angela, Mack, Heather G., Mackey, David A., Mahdavi, S. R., Maher, Pamela, Maher, Toby, Maity, Sankar N., Malgrange, Brigitte, Mamoulakis, Charalampos, Mangoni, Arduino A., Manke, Thomas, Manstead, Antony S. R., Mantalaris, Athanasios, Marsal, Jan, Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich, Martin, Francis L., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Salas, Encarnacion, Mathieu, Daniel, Matsui, Yoichi, Maza, Elie, McCutcheon, James E., McKay, Gareth J., McMillan, Brian, McMillan, Nigel, Meads, Catherine, Medina, Loreta, Merrick, B. Alex, Metzger, Dennis W., Meunier, Frederic A., Michaelis, Martin, Micheau, Olivier, Mihara, Hisaaki, Mintz, Eric M., Mizukami, Takuo, Moalic, Yann, Mohapatra, D. P., Monteiro, Antonia, Montes, Matthieu, Moran, John V., Morozov, Sergey Y., Mort, Matthew, Murai, Noriyuki, Murphy, Denis J., Murphy, Susan K., Murray, Shauna A., Naganawa, Shinji, Nammi, Srinivas, Nasios, Grigorios, Natoli, Roman M., Nguyen, Frederique, Nicol, Christine, Nieuwerburgh, Filip van, Nilsen, Erlend B., Nobile, Clarissa J., O’Mahony, Margaret, Ohlsson, Sophie, Olatunbosun, Oluremi, Olofsson, Per, Ortiz, Alberto, Ostrikov, Kostya, Otto, Siegmar, Outeiro, Tiago F., Ouyang, Songying, Paganoni, Sabrina, Page, Andrew, Palm, Christoph, Paradies, Yin, Parsons, Michael H., Parsons, Nick, Pascal, Pigny, Paul, Elisabeth, Peckham, Michelle, Pedemonte, Nicoletta, Pellizzon, Michael A., Petrelli, M., Pichugin, Alexander, Pinto, Carlos J. C., Plevris, John N., Pollesello, Piero, Polz, Martin, Ponti, Giovanna, Porcelli, Piero, Prince, Martin, Quinn, Gwendolyn P., Quinn, Terence J., Ramula, Satu, Rappsilber, Juri, Rehfeldt, Florian, Reiling, Jan H., Remacle, Claire, Rezaei, Mohsen, Riddick, Eric W., Ritter, Uwe, Roach, Neil W., Roberts, David D., Robles, Guillermo, Rodrigues, Tiago, Rodriguez, Cesar, Roislien, Jo, Roobol, Monique J., Rowe, J. Alexandra, Ruepp, Andreas, Ruitenbeek, Jan van, Rust, Petra, Saad, Sonia, Sack, George H., Santos, Manuela, Saudemont, Aurore, Sava, Gianni, Schrading, Simone, Schramm, Alexander, Schreiber, Martin, Schuler, Sidney, Schymkowitz, Joost, Sczyrba, Alexander, Seib, Kate L., Shi, Han-Ping, Shimada, Tomohiro, Shin, Jeon-Soo, Shortt, Colette, Silveyra, Patricia, Skinner, Debra, Small, Ian, Smeets, Paul A. M., So, Po-Wah, Solano, Francisco, Sonenshine, Daniel E., Song, Jiangning, Southall, Tony, Speakman, John R., Srinivasan, Mandyam V., Stabile, Laura P., Stasiak, Andrzej, Steadman, Kathryn J., Stein, Nils, Stephens, Andrew W., Stewart, Douglas I., Stine, Keith, Storlazzi, Curt, Stoynova, Nataliya V., Strzalka, Wojciech, Suarez, Oscar M., Sultana, Taranum, Sumant, Anirudha V., Summers, Mathew J., Sun, Gang, Tacon, Paul, Tanaka, Kozo, Tang, Haixu, Tanino, Yoshinori, Targett-Adams, Paul, Tayebi, Mourad, Tayyem, Reema, Tebbe, Christoph C., Telfer, Evelyn E., Tempel, Wolfram, Teodorczyk-Injeyan, Julita A., Thijs, Gert, Thorne, Sally, Thrift, Amanda G., Tiffon, Celine, Tinnefeld, Philip, Tjahjono, Daryono H., Tolle, Fabrice, Toth, Ervin, Tredici, Andria L. del, Tsapas, Apostolos, Tsirigotis, Konstantinos, Turak, Ayse, Tzotzos, George, Udo, Edet E., Utsumi, Toshiaki, Vaidyanathan, Subramanian, Vaillant, Michel, Valsesia, Armand, Vandenbroucke, Roosmarijn E., Veiga, Feliciano H., Vendrell, Marc, Vesk, Peter A., Vickers, Paul, Victor, Victor M., Villemur, Richard, Vohl, Marie-Claude, Voolstra, Christian R., Vuillemin, Anne, Wakelin, Steven, Waldron, Levi, Walsh, Laurence J., Wang, Amanda Y., Wang, Fuan, Wang, Yun, Watanabe, Yoichi, Weigert, Andreas, Wen, Jet-Chau, Wham, Carol, White, Ethan P., Wiener, Jan, Wilharm, Gottfried, Wilkinson, Simon, Willmann, Raffaella, Wilson, Coralie, Wirth, Brunhilde, Wojan, Timothy R., Wolff, Mathieu, Wong, Bryan M., Wu, Tzu-Wei, Wuerbel, Hanno, Xiao, Xiangshu, Xu, Dong, Xu, J. W., Xu, Jianping, Xue, Bin, Yalcin, Suayib, Yan, Hong, Yang, En-Cheng, Yang, Shiqi, Yang, Wei, Ye, Yuzhen, Ye, Zhi-Qiang, Yli-Kauhaluoma, Jari, Yoneyama, Hiroshi, Yu, Ying, Yuan, Guo-Cheng, Yuh, Chiou-Hwa, Zaccolo, Manuela, Zeng, Chen, Zevnik, Branko, Zhang, Chi, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Yingkai, Zhang, Yusen, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zhong-Yin, Zhao, Yuan, Zhou, Min, Zuberbier, Torsten, Aanei, Carmen M., Ahmad, Rafi, Al-Lawama, Manar, Alanio, Alexandre, Allardyce, Judith, Alonso-Caneiro, David, Atack, John M., Baier, Dirk, Bansal, Abhisheka, Benezeth, Yannick, Berbesque, Colette, Berrevoet, Frederik, Biedermann, Peter H. W., Bijleveld, Erik, Bittner, Florian, Blombach, Fabian, Bos, Wouter van den, Boudreau, Shellie A., Bramoweth, Adam D., Braubach, Oliver, Cai, Yufeng, Campbell, Matthew, Cao, Zanxia, Catry, Thibault, Chen, Xin, Cheng, Shuiqin, Chung, Hee-Jung, Chávez-Fumagalli, Miguel A., Conway, Aaron, Costa, Bruno M., Cyr, Normand, Dean, Lorraine T., Denzel, Martin S., Dlamini, S. V., Dudley, Kevin J., Dufies, Maeva, Ecke, Thorsten, Eckweiler, Denitsa, Eixarch, Elisenda, El-Adawy, Hosny, Emmrich, Julius V., Eustace, Alex J., Falter-Wagner, Christine M., Fuss, Johannes, Gao, Jianzhao, Gill, Martin R., Gloyn, Liz, Goggs, Robert, Govinden, Usha, Greene, Garrett, Greiff, Victor, Grundle, D. S., Grüneberg, Patrick, Gumede, Nicksy, Haore, Gbaguidi, Harrison, Pille, Hoenner, Xavier, Hojsgaard, Diego, Hori, Hikaru, Ikonomopoulou, Maria P., Jeurissen, Patrick, Johnson, Daniel M., Kabra, Dhiraj, Kamagata, Koji, Karmakar, Chandan, Kasian, Olga, Kaye, Linda K., Khan, Murad M., Kim, Yong-Min, Kish, J. K., Kobold, Sebastian, Kohanbash, Gary, Kohls, Gregor, Kugler, Jan-Michael, Kumar, Gyanendra, Lacy-Colson, Jon, Latif, Asam, Lauschke, Volker M., Li, Bingling, Lim, Chinten J., Liu, Fang, Liu, Xiaodong, Lu, Jin-Jian, Lu, Qiang, Mahavadi, Poornima, Marzocchi, Ugo, McGarrigle, Christine A., Meerten, Tom van, Min, Rogier, Moal, Iain, Molari, Massimiliano, Molleman, Lucas, Mondal, Saiful R., Mortel, Thea van de, Moss, W. N., Moultos, Othonas A., Mukherjee, Maheswari, Nakayama, Kazuhiko, Narayan, Edward, Navaratnarajah, Neumann, Philipp-Alexander, Nie, Jiyun, Nie, Yingjiu, Niemeyer, Frank, Nolan, Fiona, Nwaiwu, Ogueri, Oldenmenger, Wendy H., Olumayede, Emmanuel, Ou, Jianhong, Pallebage-Gamarallage, Menuka, Pearce, Simon P., Pelkonen, Tuula, Pelleri, Maria C., Pereira, Joana L., Pheko, Mpho, Pinto, Karina A., Piovesan, Allison, Pluess, Michael, Podolsky, Illya M., Prescott, Julie, Qi, Dongchen, Qi, Xingshun, Raikou, Vaia D., Ranft, Andreas, Rhodes, Johanna, Rotge, Jean-Yves, Rowe, Anna D., Saggar, Manish, Schuon, Robert A., Shahid, Shaouli, Shalchyan, Vahid, Shirvalkar, Prasad, Shiryayev, Oleg, Singh, Jugpreet, Smout, Michael J., Soares, António, Song, Chunjiao, Srivastava, Kshitij, Srivastava, Rupesh K., Sun, Jim, Szabo, Attila, Szymanski, Wiktor, Tai, Chan N. P., Takeuchi, Hisashi, Tanadini-Lang, S., Tang, Fei, Tao, Wanyin, Theron, G., Tian, Chang F., Tian, Yu-Shi, Tuttle, Lisa M., Valenti, Anna, Verlot, Pierre, Walker, Mirella, Wang, Jun, Welter, Danielle, Winslade, Matthew, Wu, Dalei, Wu, Yi-Rui, Xiao, Han, Xu, Beisi, Xu, Juan, Xu, Ziyue, Yang, Dongdong, Yang, Mingjun, Yankilevich, Patricio, You, Yuyi, Yu, Chenglong, Zhan, Jian, Zhang, Gong, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Tuo, Zhang, Yi, Zhao, Guoyan, Zhao, Jing, Zhou, Xiaofan, Zhu, Zhenxing, Ajani, Penelope A., Anazodo, Udunna C., Bagloee, Saeed A., Bail, Kasia, Bar, Ido, Bathelt, Joe, Benkeser, David, Bernier, Meghan L., Blanchard, Adam M., Boakye, Dominic W., Bonatsos, Vasileios, Boon, Michele H., Bouboulis, George, Bromfield, Elizabeth, Brown, Joshua, Bul, Kim C. 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A., Lin, Li, Ling, Tong, Liu, Yuchen, Liu, Zhonghua, Lu, Yao, Lum, Fok M., Luo, Hang, Machhi, Jatin, Macleod, Angus, Macwan, Isaac, Madala, Hanumantha R., Madani, Nima, Maio, Nicola de, Makowiecki, Kalina, Mallinson, Daniel J., Margelyte, Ruta, Maria, Caracausi, Markonis, Y., Marsili, Luca, Mavoa, Suzanne, McWilliams, Lorna, Megersa, Moa, Mendes, Caetano S. M., Menichetti, Julia, Mercieca-Bebber, Rebecca, Miller, Jack J., Minde, David-Paul M., Minges, Alexander, Mishra, Eleanor, Mishra, Virendra R., Moores, Carly, Morrice, Nicola, Moskalensky, Alexander E., Navarin, Nicolò, Negera, Edessa, Nolet, Philippe, Nordberg, Ana, Nordén, Rickard, Nowicki, Jessica P., Olova, Nelly, Olszewski, Paweł, Onzima, Robert, Pan, Chih-Long, Park, Charny, Park, Dong Ik, Park, Seyoung, Patil, Chandrashekhar D., Pedro, Sansoa A., Perry, Samuel R., Peter, Jessica, Peterson, Brent M., Pezzuolo, Andrea, Pozdnyakov, Ilya, Qian, Siyu, Qin, Lei, Rafe, Ali, Raote, Ishier, Raza, Ali, Rebl, Henrike, Refai, Osama, Regan, Tim, Richa, Tambi, Richardson, Mark F., Robinson, K. R., Rossoni, Luca, Rouet, Romain, Safaei, Soroush, Schneeberger, Pierre H. H., Schwotzer, Daniela, Sebastian, Agata, Selinski, Jennifer, Seltmann, Stefanie, Sha, Feng, Shalev, Nir, Shang, Jin-Long, Singer, Josef, Singh, Mandeep, Smith, Taylor, Solomon-Moore, Emma, Song, Lijuan, Soraggi, Samuele, Stanley, Ryan, Steckhan, Nico, Strobl, Frederic, Subissi, Lorenzo, Supriyanto, Irwan, Surve, Chinmay R., Suzuki, Tomo, Syme, Caitlin, Sörelius, Karl, Tang, Young, Tantawy, Marwa, Tennakoon, Sumudu, Teseo, Serafino, Toelzer, Christine, Tomov, Nikola, Tovar, Miguel, Tran, Linh, Tripathi, Sushil, Tuladhar, Anil M., Ukubuiwe, Azubuike C., Ung, Carolina O. L., Valgepea, Kaspar, Vatanparast, Hamid, Vidal, Arnau, Wang, Fang, Wang, Qing, Watari, Ricky, Webster, Rebecca, Webster, Ruth, Wei, Junnian, Wibowo, David, Wingenbach, Tanja S. H., Xavier, Rose M., Xiao, Shumin, Xiong, Peng, Xu, Shicai, Xu, Shilin, Yao, Ruifeng, Yao, Wen, Yin, Qinan, Yu, Yongbo, Zaitsu, Masayoshi, Zhan, Xiao-Yong, Zhang, Jilei, Zhang, Rongqiang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xianglilan, Zheng, Shan, Zhou, Bailing, Zhou, Xiaoyan, Ahmad, Haroon, Akinwumi, Sayo A., Albery, Gregory F., Alhowimel, Ahmed, Ali, Junaid, Alshehri, Mansour, Alsuhaibani, Mohammed, Anikin, Andrey, Azubuike, Samuel O., Bach-Mortensen, Anders, Baltiansky, Lior, Bartas, Martin, Belachew, Kiflemariam Y., Bhardwaj, Vivek, Binder, Karin, Bland, Nicholas S., Boah, Michael, Bullen, Benjamin, Calabrò, Giovanna E., Callahan, Tiffany J., Cao, Bing, Chalmers, Kelsey, Chang, Wei, Che, Zhengping, Chen, Andrew T. Y., Chen, Haimin, Chen, Huaming, Chen, Youning, Chen, Zhao, Choi, YoungRok, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin A. K., Christensen, Martin R., Cooke, Robert S. 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A., Williams, Brendan A., Workman, Alan D., Xiang, Tingxiu, Xie, Li-Xin, Xu, Jun, Xu, Taosheng, Yang, Chongjun, Yoon, Jihoon G., Yuan, Christina M., Zaritsky, Arno, Zhang, Yao, Zhao, Haochen, Zuckerman, Hannah, Lyu, Ran, Pullan, Wayne, Zhou, Yaoqi, Gobet, Angélique, Sadoine, Margaux L., Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), British Lung Foundation, Brown, P, Zhou, Y, Tan, A, El-Esawi, M, Liehr, T, Blanck, O, Gladue, D, Almeida, G, Cernava, T, Sorzano, C, Yeung, A, Engel, M, Chandrasekaran, A, Muth, T, Staege, M, Daulatabad, S, Widera, D, Zhang, J, Meule, A, Honjo, K, Pourret, O, Yin, C, Zhang, Z, Cascella, M, Flegel, W, Goodyear, C, van Raaij, M, Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z, Campana, L, Kurniawan, N, Lalaouna, D, Huttner, F, Ammerman, B, Ehret, F, Cobine, P, Tan, E, Han, H, Xia, W, Mccrum, C, Dings, R, Marinello, F, Nilsson, H, Nixon, B, Voskarides, K, Yang, L, Costa, V, Bengtsson-Palme, J, Bradshaw, W, Grimm, D, Kumar, N, Martis, E, Prieto, D, Sabnis, S, Amer, S, Liew, A, Perco, P, Rahimi, F, Riva, G, Zhang, C, Devkota, H, Ogami, K, Basharat, Z, Fierz, W, Siebers, R, Tan, K, Boehme, K, Brenneisen, P, Brown, J, Dalrymple, B, Harvey, D, Ng, G, Werten, S, Bleackley, M, Dai, Z, Dhariwal, R, Gelfer, Y, Hartmann, M, Miotla, P, Tamaian, R, Govender, P, Gurney-Champion, O, Kauppila, J, Zhang, X, Echeverria, N, Subhash, S, Sallmon, H, Tofani, M, Bae, T, Bosch, O, Cuiv, P, Danchin, A, Diouf, B, Eerola, T, Evangelou, E, Filipp, F, Klump, H, Kurgan, L, Smith, S, Terrier, O, Tuttle, N, Ascher, D, Janga, S, Schulte, L, Becker, D, Browngardt, C, Bush, S, Gaullier, G, Ide, K, Meseko, C, Werner, G, Zaucha, J, Al-Farha, A, Greenwald, N, Popoola, S, Rahman, S, Xu, J, Yang, S, Hiroi, N, Alper, O, Baker, C, Bitzer, M, Chacko, G, Debrabant, B, Dixon, R, Forano, E, Gilliham, M, Kelly, S, Klempnauer, K, Lidbury, B, Lin, M, Lynch, I, Ma, W, Maibach, E, Mather, D, Nandakumar, K, Ohgami, R, Parchi, P, Tressoldi, P, Xue, Y, Armitage, C, Barraud, P, Chatzitheochari, S, Coelho, L, Diao, J, 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Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Hosp Leuven, Chongqing Med Univ, Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, China Three Gorges Univ, and Xiangtan Univ

Subjects
Technology and Engineering, SCIENTIFIC SEARCH, Expert-curated database, Biokemia, solu- ja molekyylibiologia - Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, Databases, RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomedical research, benchmarking, Biology, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, database, Computer. Automation, Science & Technology, 0804 Data Format, relisch, Scientific research in health sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, litearture search, relisch , database, biomedical research, Biomedical literature, Original Article, RELISH, Mathematical & Computational Biology, RECOMMENDER-SYSTEMS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Mathematics, 0807 Library and Information Studies
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T01:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-29 Griffith University Gowonda HPC Cluster Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research. Griffith Univ, Sch Informat & Commun Technol, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia Griffith Univ, Inst Glyc, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia Univ Colorado, Dept Med Med Oncol, Anschutz Med Campus, Denver, CO USA Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Bot Dept, Tanta, Egypt Friedrich Schiller Univ, Jena Univ Hosp, Inst Human Genet, Jena, Germany Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein, Dept Radiat Oncol, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland Graz Univ Technol, Inst Environm Biotechnol, Graz, Austria CSIC, CNB, Natl Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Macromol Struct, Madrid, Spain Univ Hong Kong, Fac Dent, Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol Appl Oral Sci & Commu, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Kansas, Div Entomol, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA SUNY Albany, RNA Inst, Albany, NY 12222 USA Robert Koch Inst, Dept Methods Dev & Res Infrastruct, Berlin, Germany Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Surg & Conservat Pediat & Adolescent Med, Halle, Germany Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, IU Sch Informat & Comp, Dept BioHlth Informat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Univ Reading, Sch Pharm Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Reading, Berks, England Dali Univ, Sch Engn, Dali City, Yunnan, Peoples R China Univ Hosp Munich LMU, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany Univ Tsukuba, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Ibaraki, Japan UniLaSalle, Aghyle, Beauvais, France Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Dept Immunol, Detroit, MI USA Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Dept Emergency, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Ist Nazl Tumori Fdn Pascale IRCCS, Anesthesia & Pain Med, Naples, Italy NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD USA Univ Glasgow, Inst Infect Immun & Inflammat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Polish Acad Sci, Inst Human Genet, Poznan, Poland Univ Padua, Dept Surg Oncol & Gastroenterol DISCOG, Padua, Italy Eindhoven Univ Technol, Biomed Engn, Eindhoven, Netherlands Univ Strasbourg, IBMC, Strasbourg, France Heidelberg Univ, Dept Gen Visceral & Transplantat Surg, Heidelberg, Germany Univ Notre Dame, Psychol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Harvard Med Sch, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Radiol & Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, KK Res Ctr, Singapore, Singapore Univ Alabama, Educ Psychol, Tuscaloosa, AL USA UCL, Wellcome EPSRC Ctr Intervent & Surg Sci, London, England Maastricht Univ, Dept Nutr & Movement Sci, Maastricht, Netherlands Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, Padua, Italy Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Newcastle, Prior Res Ctr Reprod Sci, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Univ Cyprus, Med Sch, Nicosia, Cyprus Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Agr Big Data Res Ctr, Tai An, Shandong, Peoples R China NIMH, Neuropsychol Lab, Bldg 9, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Inst Discovery, Madison, WI USA Univ Oxford, Struct Genom Consortium, Oxford, England Weihenstephan Triesdorf Univ Appl Sci, TUM Campus Straubing Biotechnol & Sustainabil, Bioinformat, Straubing, Germany Univ Michigan, Cardiovasc Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Bombay Coll Pharm, Pharmaceut Chem, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Dev Neurobiol, Montevideo, Uruguay Gem Hosp & Res Ctr, Surg Gastroenterol & HPB Surg, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Kafr El Sheikh Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Kafr Al Sheikh, Egypt Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Internal Med 4, Innsbruck, Austria Australian Natl Univ, Div Biomed Sci & Biochem, Canberra, ACT, Australia Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Appl Technol Neuropsychol Lab, Milan, Italy Shandong Inst Parasit Dis, Med Entomol, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Kumamoto Univ, Sch Pharm, Kumamoto, Japan Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biol Chem, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Univ Karachi, ICCBS, PCMD, Jamil ur Rahman Ctr Genome Res, Karachi 75270, Pakistan Labormed Zentrum Dr Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein Univ Otago, Med, Dunedin, New Zealand KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Maternal Fetal Med, Singapore, Singapore Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, GERN Tissue Replacement Regenerat & Neogenesis, Dept Orthoped & Trauma Surg, Med Ctr,Fac Med, Freiburg, Germany Heinrich Heine Univ, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Dusseldorf, Germany Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Surg, Galway, Ireland Univ Western Australia, Inst Agr, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England SingHlth Polyclin, Punggol Polyclin, Singapore, Singapore Med Univ Innsbruck, Bioctr, Div Biol Chem, Innsbruck, Austria La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Biochem & Genet, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux, France Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res & Dev Ctr, Lethbridge, AB, Canada St George Hosp, Trauma & Orthopaed, London, England Max Planck Inst Dev Biol, Dept Prot Evolut, Tubingen, Germany Med Univ Lublin, Dept Gynaecol 2, Lublin, Poland ICIT, ICSI Analyt Natl Res & Dev, Ramnicu Valcea, VL, Romania Univ KwaZulu Natal, Occupat Therapy, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa Inst Canc Res, Joint Dept Phys, London, England Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Solna, Sweden Wenzhou Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Orthopaed, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Invest Nucl, Lab Virol Mol, Montevideo, Uruguay Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Biochem & Cell Biol, Gothenburg, Sweden Charite Med Univ Berlin, Pediat Cardiol, Berlin, Germany Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, Dept Neurosci & Neurorehabil, Neurorehabil Unit, Rome, Italy Indiana Univ Sch Med Northwest, Microbiol & Immunol, Gary, IN USA Univ Regensburg, Dept Behav & Mol Neurobiol, Regensburg, Germany Univ Queensland, Diamantina Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Translat Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biomed Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Pharmaceut Sci Dept, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA Univ Durham, Mus, Durham, England Univ Ioannina, Med Sch, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Ioannina, Greece Tech Univ Munich, Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Maximus von Imhof Forum 3, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany Univ Hosp Essen, Inst Transfus Med, Essen, Germany Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Comp Sci, Richmond, VA USA Univ Queensland, Inst Social Sci Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Lyon, Ctr Int Rech Infectiol, Lyon, France Griffith Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Univ Melbourne, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Parkville, Vic, Australia Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biohlth Informat, Sch Informat & Comp, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Philipps Univ Marburg, Inst Lung Res, Marburg, Germany Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA Univ Florida, Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL USA Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Kyoto Univ, Ctr Promot Interdisciplinary Educ & Res, Kyoto, Japan Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Virus Diagnost, Greifswald, Germany Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England Tech Univ Munich, Dept Bioinformat, Munich, Germany Univ Adelaide, Sch Anim & Vet Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia Stanford Univ, Canc Biol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Covenant Univ, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Ota, Nigeria Heinrich Heine Univ, Inst Stem Cell Res & Regenerat Med, Dusseldorf, Germany Univ British Columbia, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada Albert Einstein Coll Med, Psychiat, New York, NY USA Akdeniz Univ, Med Biol & Genet, Antalya, Turkey NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Med Univ Hosp, Internal Med 1, Tubingen, Germany NET ESolut, Netelabs, Mclean, VA USA Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark John Innes Ctr, Mol Microbiol, Norwich, Norfolk, England Univ Adelaide, Waite Res Precinct, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Plant Energy Biol, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge, England Univ Munster, Inst Biochem, Munster, Germany Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth RSPH, Canberra, ACT, Australia Stanford Univ, Neurobiol & Bioengn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Univ Birmingham, Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Perth, WA, Australia George Mason Univ, Ctr Climate Change Commun, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Adelaide, SA, Australia Southern Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Stanford Univ, Pathol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Diagnost & Specialty Med, Bologna, Italy Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, Padua, Italy Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Dept Bioinformat & Syst Biol, Key Lab Mol Biophys,Minist Educ, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biomed Engn, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia French Natl Ctr Sci Res, CNRS, Inst Biol Physicochim, Paris, France Univ Warwick, Dept Sociol, Coventry, W Midlands, England European Mol Biol Lab, Struct & Computat Biol, Heidelberg, Germany Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Canc Biol, Cincinnati, OH USA Univ Waterloo, Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Integrat Biol Marine Models LBI2M, SBR, Roscoff, France Univ Manitoba, Biochem & Med Genet, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Ultrafast Solid State Spect, Stuttgart, Germany Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England Mansoura Univ, Fac Vet Med, Biochem, Mansoura, Egypt Univ Virginia, Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA USA China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China Clin Neurol & Psychiat Children & Youth, Child Psychiat, Belgrade, Serbia Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Med Phys, Ahwaz, Iran Univ Iowa City, Coll Dent, Div Biostat & Computat Biol, Dept Prevent & Community Dent, Iowa City, IA USA Univ Iowa City, Coll Dent, Div Biostat & Computat Biol, Dept Biomed Engn, Iowa City, IA USA Univ Iowa City, Coll Dent, Div Biostat & Computat Biol, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Psychol & Behav Neurobiol, Tubingen, Germany Univ Ibadan, Dept Zool, Ibadan, Nigeria Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA Univ Tasmania, Sch Technol Environm & Design, Discipline ICT, Hobart, Tas, Australia Childrens Mercy Hosp, Radiol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Stockholm, Sweden Oslo Univ Hosp, Inst Canc Genet & Informat, Oslo, Norway CSIRO, CSIRO Mfg, Pullenvale, Qld, Australia Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Urol, Baltimore, MD USA Univ South Africa, Life & Consumer Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Mech Induced Plast Brain, Bonn, Germany UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Dev Biol & Canc, London, England Simon Fraser Univ, Biomed Physiol & Kinesiol, Burnaby, BC, Canada Univ Manchester, Ctr Hlth Informat, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ Queensland, Sch Human Movement & Nutr Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA Georgetown Univ, Kennedy Inst Eth, Washington, DC 20057 USA Dermatol Skin & Canc Fdn, Carlton, Vic, Australia Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Hematol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Oncol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Infect Dis, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA US FDA, Off Biotechnol Prod, Washington, DC 20204 USA Worcester Polytech Inst, Biomed Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA Univ Adelaide, Ctr Orthopaed & Trauma Res, Adelaide, SA, Australia Publ Hlth England, Natl Infect Serv, Bristol, Avon, England Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci Chem, Utrecht, Netherlands Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Pathol, Galway, Ireland Imperial Coll London, NHLI, London, England Danube Private Univ, Neurodegenerat, Krems Donau, Austria Imperial Coll London, Dept Chem, London, England Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, Helsinki, Finland Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Nottingham, Nottingham Digest Dis Ctr, Nottingham, England Univ Toulouse, CNRS, ITAV, USR3505, Toulouse, France ASCR, Inst Mol Genet, CZ Openscreen, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Turku, Inst Biomed, Turku, Finland York Univ, Sch Kinesiol & Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Calif Los Angeles, Stein Eye Inst, Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA USA Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa Res & Dev Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Mat Design & Characterizat, Geesthacht, Germany Unvers Genova, Internal Med, Genoa, Italy Otto von Guericke Univ, Intelligent Catheter INKS, Magdeburg, Germany Univ Toledo, Canc Biol, 2801 W Bancroft St,Hlth Sci Campus, Toledo, OH 43606 USA CRUK Beatson Inst, Struct Biol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Leibniz Inst Primate Res, Med RNA Biol, Gottingen, Germany Univ Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Limoges, France Hainan Univ, Vet Med, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China UCL, Sch Pharam, Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, London, England Univ Oulu, Ecol & Genet Res Unit, Oulu, Finland Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Biochem & Mol Immunol, Aachen, Germany Univ Stuttgart, Inst Biochem & Tech Biochem, Stuttgart, Germany Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Chem Biol & Biotechnol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China GIGA Res Inst, Med Oncol, Liege, Belgium CHULiege, Liege, Belgium Fdn Bruno Kessler, MPBA, Trento, Italy Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Univ Leuven, Oncol, Leuven, Belgium Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Nijmegen, Netherlands Univ South Australia, Sch Informat Technol & Math Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia Bio Thera Solut Ltd, Dept Computat Biol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Inst Invest Biosanitario Granada IBS, Otolaryngol, Granada, Spain Curtin Univ, Sch Mol & Life Sci, Perth, WA, Australia Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England Goethe Univ, Biol DCAL, Inst Pharm, Frankfurt, Germany Univ Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Lyon, France Inst Pasteur, Dept Genomes & Genet, Paris, France Univ Valencia, Pharmacol, Valencia, Spain Council Agr Res & Econ, Res Ctr Olive Citrus & Tree Fruit, Caserta, Italy Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med ITEM, Preclin Pharmacol & Vitro Toxicol, Hannover, Germany Univ Tasmania, Sch Med, Hobart, Tas, Australia Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Oncol Lifecycle Management Dept, Tokyo, Japan Univ Lubeck, Inst Neurobiol, Lubeck, Germany NYU, Sch Med, Neurol, New York, NY USA Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Plant Pathol, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia Univ N Carolina, Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA Univ Southampton, Fac Hlth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England Univ Highlands & Islands, Genet & Immunol Res Grp, Inverness, Scotland Heidelberg Univ, Inst Pathol, Heidelberg, Germany Indraprastha Inst Informat Technol, Dept Computat Biol, New Delhi, India Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Sch Hlth & Life Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Liverpool John Moores Univ, Pharm & Biomol Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England Parkinsons Inst & Clin Ctr, Basic Res, Sunnyvale, CA USA Luxembourg Inst Sci & Technol, Environm Res & 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Kansas, Med Ctr, Family Med Res Div, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Multimodal Mol Biol, Singapore, Singapore Univ Leuven, Dept Chron Dis Metab & Ageing, Leuven, Belgium Int Iberian Nanotechnol Lab INL, Braga, Portugal Anglia Ruskin, Comp & Technol, Cambridge, England Max Planck Inst Biochem, Struct Cell Biol, Planegg, Germany Univ Seville, Dept Comp Architecture & Technol, Seville, Spain Univ Colorado, EBIO, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Manchester, Canc Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia Singapore MIT Alliance Res & Technol, Biosyst, Singapore, Singapore Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Musculoskeletal Hlth & Ageing Res Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Ruhr Univ Bochum, Gen Surg, St Josef Hosp, Bochum, Germany Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Xianyang, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Plant Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia Battelle Mem Inst, 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Univ Bari, Dept Vet Med, Bari, Italy Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Primary & Community Care, Nijmegen, Netherlands EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA Mayo Clin, Cardiovasc Dept, Rochester, MN USA Med Univ Silesia, Sch Med Katowice, Dept Epidemiol, Katowice, Poland Univ Lleida, Anim Sci, Lleida, Spain Univ Florida, Coll Pharm, Pharmaceut Outcomes & Policy, Gainesville, FL USA Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Earth & Biol Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Discovery Brain Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Harvard Med Sch, Dept Biomed Informat, Boston, MA 02115 USA Univ Penn, Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Humanitas Univ & Res Hosp, Asthma & Allergy Unit, Biomed Sci Personalized Med, Rozzano, Italy Australian Natl Univ, Dept Quantum Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Ecol Genom, Oldenburg, Germany Int Med Univ, Paediat Dent & Orthodont, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Univ Ottawa, Sch Nursing, Ottawa, ON, Canada Maastricht Univ, Dept Educ Support, Maastricht, Netherlands Univ Manchester, Math, Manchester, Lancs, England Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, Sch Populat Hlth Sci, London, England Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Harbin Med Univ, Publ Hlth Sch, Epidemiol, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Chem, Tromso, Norway Cornell Univ, Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY USA East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Shanghai, Peoples R China Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Fac Biol, Mainz, Germany Univ Massachusetts, Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Max Planck Inst Terr Microbiol, Complex Adapt Traits Res Grp, Marburg, Germany NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Resp, Ctr Exercise & Rehabil Sci, Leicester, Leics, England Yale Univ, Dept Internal Med, Sect Endocrinol, New Haven, CT USA Sardar Patel Univ, Dept Biosci, Anand, Gujarat, India Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo, Japan Univ Cologne, Vivo Res Facil ivRF, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, Cologne, Germany Natl Open Univ Nigeria, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Lagos, Nigeria Univ Hosp Regensburg, Dept Radiol, Regensburg, Germany Natl Univ Singapore, Geog, Singapore, Singapore Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abdelmalek Essaadi Univ, Fac Sci & Techn Tangier, Biomed Genom & Oncogenet Res Lab, Tetouan, Morocco Tech Univ Munich, Fac Sport & Hlth Sci, Exercise Biol Grp, Munich, Germany Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Psicoloxia Social Basica & Metodoloxia, Galiza, Spain Griffith Univ, Signal Proc Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Ghent, Dept Neurol, Ghent, Belgium Ghent Univ Hosp, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Merelbeke, Belgium Albert Einstein Coll Med, Inst Clin & Translat Res, New York, NY USA Anglia Ruskin Univ, Fac Med Sci, Cambridge, England Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Herlev & Gentofte Hosp, Dept Dermatol & Allergy, Hellerup, Denmark Lady Cilento Childrens Hosp, Med Imaging & Nucl Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Gambia, Sch Med & Allied Hlth Sci, Nursing & Reprod Hlth, Brikama, Gambia Univ Sydney, Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia Wayne State Univ, Comp Sci, Detroit, MI USA Aberdeen Royal Infirm, Otolaryngol, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Toronto, Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Ageing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Emergency Med, Omaha, NE USA Univ Florida, Coll Med, Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Pisa, Translat Res NTMS, Pisa, Italy Magna Grecia Univ, Clin & Expt Med, Catanzaro, Italy Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Pediat, Burlington, VT USA Sun Yat Sen Univ, Canc Ctr, Diagnost & Intervent Ultrasound, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Inst Brain Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Jinzhong, Shanxi, Peoples R China Univ Toronto, Inst Med Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Adelaide, ARCPOH, Adelaide, SA, Australia Pelita Harapan Univ, Fac Med, Cardiol & Vasc Med, Tangerang, Indonesia Inst Mental Hlth, Res Div, Singapore, Singapore UCL, MRC Clin Trials Unit, London, England Univ Padua, Dept Philosophy Sociol Educ & Appl Psychol FISPPA, Padua, Italy Univ Lubeck, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Lubeck, Germany Dalian Univ Technol, Ctr Mol Med, Dalian, Liaoning, Peoples R China Tianjin United Family Healthcare, Reprod Med, Tianjin, Peoples R China Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Engn Quim Biol & Ambiental, Barcelona, Spain Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Computat Biol, Canc Syst Biol, Ingolstadter Land Str 1, D-85764 Munich, Germany Univ Tokyo, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Tokyo, Japan Sao Paulo State Univ, Vet Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil Zhejiang Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Aarhus Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Manchester, St Marys Hosp, Maternal & Fetal Hlth, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ New Mexico, Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA Mayo Clin, Div Biomed Stat & Informat, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA King Saud Univ, Plant Prod, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Polish Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Anim Breeding, Dept Mol Biol, Warsaw, Poland Queensland Univ Technol, Optometry & Vis Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Nottingham, Sch Life Sci, Nottingham, England Canc Council Queensland, Canc Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Umea Univ, Dept Chem, Umea, Sweden Publ Hlth England, Ctr Radiat Chem & Environm Hazards, Bristol, Avon, England Univ Campania L Vanvitelli, DISTABIF, Caserta, Italy Bartshealth, Obstet & Gyanecol, London, England Univ Clermont Auvergne, GReD Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France INRA Abeilles & Environm, Avignon, France Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Work, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Penn, Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Novosibirsk State Univ, Res Inst Physiol & Basic Med, Novosibirsk, Russia UCL, Dept Chem, London, England La Trobe Univ, Anim Plant & Soil Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Arizona, Epidemiol & Biostat, Tucson, AZ USA Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, ERIBA, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Gothenburg, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Radiat Phys, Gothenburg, Sweden SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Biochem & Mol Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Inst Environm Sci & Res ESR, Food Water & Environm Microbiol, Christchurch, New Zealand Univ Otago, Food Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand Florida Atlantic Univ, Biomed Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Hosp Wurzburg, Inst Clin Neurobiol, Wurzburg, Germany Inst Trop Med, Publ Hlth, Antwerp, Belgium Univ Thessaly, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Dept Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Larisa, Greece Univ Basel, UZB Univ Ctr Dent Med, Dept Orthodont & Pediat Dent, Basel, Switzerland Sorbonne Univ, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Inst Systemat Evolut Biodiversite ISYEB, MNHN,CNRS,UMR 7205,EPHE, Paris, France CNRS, Inst Adv Biosci, Paris, France Univ Western Australia, Sch Mol Sci, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Ft Hare, Biochem & Microbiol, Alice, South Africa Univ Tubingen, Phys, Tubingen, Germany Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Philosoph Theol Hsch Vallendar, Stat & Standardised Methods, Vallendar, Germany Imperial Coll London, Life Sci, London, England Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Neurosci, Omaha, NE USA Technol Univ Dublin, FOCAS Res Inst, Dublin, Ireland INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Canc Res Ctr Toulouse, Paris, France Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Bioloxia Func, Grp BRAINSHARK, Galiza, Spain Univ Nebraska, Biol, Kearney, NE USA Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain Univ Pisa, Chem & Ind Chem, Pisa, Italy Univ Manchester, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Matrix Res, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inst Human Genet, Montpellier, France Czech Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic CSIC, Natl Ctr Biotechnol CNB, Computat Syst Biol Grp, Madrid, Spain Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan, Taiwan Harvard Med Sch, Schepens Eye Res Inst, Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Lanzhou Univ, Hosp 2, Dept Gen Surg, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia JT Chen Clin, Gynecol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Western Australia, Sch Agr & Environm, Perth, WA, Australia Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Missouri, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Columbia, MO USA Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Dept Publ & Occupat Hlth, Amsterdam, Netherlands Semmelweis Univ, Med Biochem, Budapest, Hungary Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Clin Oncol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Pittsburgh, Chem, Pittsburgh, PA USA GB Pant Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Neurol, New Delhi, India Univ Copenhagen, Vet & Anim Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Palermo, Biomed Dept Internal & Specialist Med DIBIMIS, Sect Endocrinol, Palermo, Italy UCL, NPP, London, England Univ Florida, Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL USA Univ Salford, Sch Hlth Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England Cardiff Univ, Inst Med Genet, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales INSERM, ICO Canc Ctr, Angers, France Univ Colombo, Fac Med, Microbiol, Colombo, Sri Lanka Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Sch Chinese Mat Med, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Porto, Fac Pharm, Porto, Portugal Univ Nottingham, Div Primary Care, Nottingham, England Univ Illinois, Pharm Syst Outcomes & Policy, Chicago, IL USA Pontificia Univ Catolica Goias, Escola Ciencias Agr & Biol, Goiania, Go, Brazil China Japan Friendship Hosp, Dept Oncol, Beijing, Peoples R China Boston Univ, Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA Amer Univ, Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA Carleton Univ, Neurosci, Ottawa, ON, Canada Univ Regina, Chem & Biochem, Regina, SK, Canada Univ Montreal, Microbiolgy, Montreal, PQ, Canada Univ Leicester, Dept Genet & Genome Biol, Leicester, Leics, England Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Gatton, Qld, Australia CNRS, BIOM, Paris, France UCL, Hatter Cardiovasc Inst, London, England Flinders Univ S Australia, Sci & Engn, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Warwick, Engn, Coventry, W Midlands, England Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Leuven, Belgium Fudan Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China Dokuz Eylul Univ, Biol Educ, Izmir, Turkey Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Mondo Med, Pulm Dis, Borgomanero, Italy US Naval, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway Peking Univ, Dept Mech & Engn Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Saarland Univ, Dept Pharm Pharmaceut & Med Chem, Saarbrucken, Germany INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Skin Res Inst, Paris, France Shanghai Proton & Heavy Ion Ctr, Res & Dev, Shanghai, Peoples R China Univ Georgia, Epidemiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Hand Surg, Freiburg, Germany Sidra Med, Res, Doha, Qatar Rostock Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oral Maxillofacial & Plast Surg, Rostock, Germany Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA AgResearch, Forage Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med, Los Angeles, CA USA Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Virginia G Piper Ctr Personalized Diagnost, Tempe, AZ USA Sheffield Hallam Univ, Res Inst, Mat & Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England Aneurin Bevan Univ Healthboard, Resp Med, Newport, Shrops, England Univ Calif San Francisco, Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Univ Western Australia, UWA Dent Sch, Perth, WA, Australia Fordham Univ, Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, Helsinki, Finland Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China Univ Fukui, Dept Frontier Fiber Technol & Sci, Fukui, Japan Univ Southampton, Fac Med, Clin & Expt Sci, Southampton, Hants, England Univ Urbino, Dept Biomol Sci, Urbino, Italy Osped San Luigi, Allergol Unit, Turin, Italy Muljibhai Patel Urol Hosp, Dept Urol, Nadiad, Gujarat, India Univ Granada, Stratig & Paleontol, Granada, Spain Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Auckland, New Zealand CNR, High Performance Comp & Networking Inst, Naples, Italy Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Div Metab, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Childrens Res Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Melbourne, Biochem & Mol Biol, Parkville, Vic, Australia Inst Pasteur, Leptospirosis Res & Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Cheikh Anta Diop Univ UCAD, Sci Fac, Biol Anim Dept, Dakar, Senegal Providence Portland Med Ctr, Earle A Chiles Res Inst, Portland, OR USA Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res & Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB, Canada Alberta Innovates, Performance Management & Evaluat, Edmonton, AB, Canada Univ Malaga, CSIC, Inst Hortofruticultura Subtrop Mediterranea La Ma, IHSM,UMA, Malaga, Spain James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Cairns, Qld, Australia European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France CSIRO, Floreat, WA, Australia Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Mem Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Vanderbilt Univ, Pharmacol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA RIKEN, KFU RIKEN Translat Genom Unit, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Univ Tubingen, Neurobiol Vocal Commun, Tubingen, Germany Univ Colorado, UCCS Ctr Biofrontiers Inst, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA Fred Hutchinson Canc Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA USA Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Primary Care Unit, Geneva, Switzerland Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Mol Genet & Infect Biol, Greifswald, Germany East China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Fine Chem, Shanghai, Peoples R China Ohio State Univ, Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Oragenics, R&D, Tampa, FL USA Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, Singapore, Singapore Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Diagnost Virol, Greifswald, Germany Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Oncol, Woodville, SA, Australia USDA, Emerging Pests & Pathogens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Epilepsy Ctr, Freiburg, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Fac Educ, Informat & Technol Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & life Sci, Agr & Environm Biol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh Heart Lung & Blood Vasc Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Directorate Transplant Renal & Urol, London, England Univ Sarajevo, Clin Ctr, Clin Heart Blood Vessel & Rheumat Dis, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Life Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Appl Sci Munich, Laser Ctr Dept Appl Sci & Mechatron, Munich, Germany CIC NanoGUNE, Nanodevices, San Sebastian, Spain Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Gynaecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands Cardiff Univ, Med Sch, Div Populat Med, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Solna, Sweden Natl Inst Genet, Ctr Informat Biol, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan Murdoch Univ, Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Limerick, Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Limerick, Ireland Ruhr Univ Bochum, Campus Clin Gynecol, Univ Str, Bochum, Germany Southwest Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Biostat, Luzhou, Sichuan, Peoples R China Beijing Canc Hosp, Minist Educ Beijing, Key Lab Carcinogenesis & Translat Res, Ctr Mol Diagnost, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Herpetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China Key Lab Nano Biol Effects & Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China NIBR, PK Sci, Basel, Switzerland Daejeon St Marys Hosp, Pain Ctr, Daejeon, South Korea Univ Western Ontario, Sch Hlth Studies, London, ON, Canada Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Psychol Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Colorado, Anesthesiol, Anschutz Med Campus, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Antwerp, UZA Antwerp Univ Hosp, Crit 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Res Ctr, Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Univ Bahri, Ind Pulp & Paper, Khartoum, Sudan Univ Queensland, Mater Med Res Inst, Mater Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA Rzeszow Univ Hosp, Ob Gyn Dept, Rzeszow, Poland Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Neurosci, Oldenburg, Germany UNSW, St George & Sutherland Clin Sch, Microbiome Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia NYU, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10016 USA NYU, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, New York, NY USA Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Med Infect Dis, Jackson, MS 39216 USA Tampere Univ, Fac Social Sci Psychol, Tampere, Finland Univ Cyprus, Dept Biol Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus Goethe Univ, Inst Med Microbiol & Infect Control, Frankfurt, Germany Charite Med Univ Berlin, Inst Radiol, Berlin, Germany Univ Cologne, Univ Hosp Cologne, Internal Med 1, Cologne, Germany Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, Sect Periodont, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Aalborg, Denmark Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Pharm Practice, Manipal, Karnataka, India Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiol, Tokyo, Japan Cukurova Univ, Family Med, Fac Med, Adana, Turkey Catholic Univ Korea, Coll Med, Dept Humanities & Social Med, Seoul, South Korea Univ Ghent, Food Technol Safety & Hlth, Ghent, Belgium UNSW Sydney, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Sydney, NSW, Australia St Vincent Shoulder & Sports Clin, Res Unit, Vienna, Austria Cornell Univ, Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY USA Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, Res Grp Bioinformat & Informat Technol, Gatersleben, Germany Univ Europea Madrid, Sch Doctoral Studies, Madrid, Spain CSIRO Mfg, Biomed Mfg, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Depaul Univ, Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA Konkuk Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea Chang Gung Univ, Grad Inst Med Mechatron, Taoyuan, Taiwan Korea Univ, Coll Med, Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea Princeton Univ, Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Henan Univ Chinese Med, Henan Key Lab Chinese Med Resp Dis, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China Univ Med Ctr Mainz, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Mainz, Germany Monash Univ Malaysia, Sch Sci, Selangor, Malaysia Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Physiol & Biophys, Jackson, MS 39216 USA Univ Oslo, Dept Transplantat Med, Oslo, Norway Sichuan Agr Univ, Triticeae Res Inst, Yaan, Sichuan, Peoples R China Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Gastroenterol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Southeast Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Mt Allison Univ, Biol, Sackville, NB, Canada Ithaca Coll, Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA Univ Cagliari, Dept Med Sci & Publ Hlth, Monserrato, Italy Univ Vienna, Chromosome Biol, Vienna, Austria Univ Zurich, Nephrol, Zurich, Switzerland Friedrich Schiller Univ, Inst Nutr Sci, Jena, Germany UNSW Sydney, Grad Sch Biomed Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Biochem & Mol Biol, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA NINDS, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIH, NCBI, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA LOreal Res & Innovat, Aulnay Sous Bois, France Lund Univ, Dept Psychol, Malmo, Sweden Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Rech Expt & Clin, Brussels, Belgium Georgia State Univ, Neurosci Inst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA Univ Melbourne, Ophthalmol, Surg, Parkville, Vic, Australia Univ Western Australia, Ctr Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Perth, WA, Australia Iran Univ Med Sci, Med Phys, Fac Med, Tehran, Iran Salk Inst Biol Studies, Cellular Neurobiol, La Jolla, CA USA Imperial Coll London, Fibrosis Res Grp, London, England Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Genitourinary Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Liege, GIGA Neurosci, Liege, Belgium Univ Crete, Sch Med, Urol, Iraklion, Greece Flinders Univ S Australia, Flinders Med Ctr, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Adelaide, SA, Australia Max Planck Inst Immunobiol & Epigenet, Bioinformat, Breisgau, Germany Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Imperial Coll London, Chem Engn, London, England Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden Sahlgrens Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Med, Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Cent Lancashire, Sch Pharm & Biomed Sci, Preston, Lancs, England Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Valencia, Spain Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Genome Dynam & Funct, Madrid, Spain Unvivers Hosp Lille, Dept Intens Care, Lille, France Kansai Med Univ, Surg, Osaka, Japan Univ Toulouse, Inst Natl Polytech Toulouse, Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, Lab Genom & Biotechnol Fruit, Toulouse, France UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Inst Psychol, Tromsto, Norway Queens Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Univ Manchester, Ctr Primary Care & Hlth Serv Res, Manchester, Lancs, England Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Anglia Ruskin Univ, FHSCE, Cambridge, England Univ Lleida, Dept Expt Med, Lleida, Spain NIEHS, Biomol Screening Branch, Div Natl Toxicol Program, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA Albany Med Coll, Immunol & Microbial Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Kent, Sch Biosci, Canterbury, Kent, England Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, INSERM, LNC, UMR 1231, Besancon, France Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Shiga, Japan Kent State Univ, Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Safety Res Blood & Biol Prod, Tokyo, Japan European Inst Marine Studies, Lab Microbiol Extreme Environm, Plouzane, France Univ Iowa, Dept Pharmacol, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Natl Univ Singapore, Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, Lab GBA, EA4627, Paris, France Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow, Russia Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol, Tokyo, Japan Univ South Wales, Genom & Computat Biol, Treforest, Wales Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC USA Univ Technol Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Sydney, NSW, Australia Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Western Sydney Univ, Sch Sci & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia TEI Epirus, Dept Speech & Language Therapy, Ioannina, Greece Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Oniris, Vet Pathol, Nantes, France Royal Vet Coll, Pathobiol & Populat Sci, Hatfield, Herts, England Univ Ghent, Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Ghent, Belgium Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Terr Ecol, Trondheim, Norway Univ Calif Merced, Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA USA Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Engn, Ctr Transport Res, Dublin, Ireland Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, Nephrol, Malmo, Sweden Univ Birmingham, Mech Engn, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, OB GYN, Lund, Sweden Fdn Jimenez Diaz Hosp, Nephrol & Hypertens, Madrid, Spain Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Chem Phys & Mech Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Otto von Guericke Univ, Psychol, Magdeburg, Germany Univ Med Ctr Gottingen, Dept Expt Neurodegenerat, Gottingen, Germany Harvard Med Sch, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02115 USA Quadram Inst Biosci, Sci Operat, Norwich, Norfolk, England Ostbayer Tech Hsch Regensburg OTH Regensburg, Regensburg Med Image Comp ReMIC, Regensburg, Germany Deakin Univ, Fac Arts & Educ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Biochem & Mol Biol, Paris, France Univ Liege, Tax Inst, Liege, Belgium Univ Leeds, Sch Mol & Cellular Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England IRCCS Ist Giannina Gaslini, UOC Genet Med, Genoa, Italy Res Diets Inc, Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA Univ Perugia, Dept Phys & Geol, Perugia, Italy Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Cellular Immunol, Bethesda, MD USA Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Biol Sci Ctr, Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol Dept, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Edinburgh, Royal Infirm, Ctr Liver & Digest Disorders, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Orion Pharma, Crit Care Proprietary Prod Div, Espoo, Finland MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Univ Turin, Dept Vet Sci, Turin, Italy Univ G dAnnunzio, Dept Psychol Hlth & Territorial Sci, Chieti, Italy NYU, Sch Med, OB GYN, New York, NY USA Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Turku, Finland Tech Univ Berlin, Bioanalyt, Berlin, Germany Univ Goettingen, Inst Phys Biophys 3, Gottingen, Germany Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Inst Appl Canc Sci, Translat Res Adv Therapeut & Innovat Oncol TRACTI, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Liege, Life Sci, Liege, Belgium Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Med Sci, Dept Toxicol, Tehran, Iran ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA Univ Regensburg, RCI Regensburg Ctr Intervent Immunol, Regensburg, Germany Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham, England NIH, Pathol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Carlos III Madrid, Elect Engn, Madrid, Spain Inst Med Mol, Chem Biol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Costa Rica, CIET, San Jose, Costa Rica Univ Stavanger, Fac Hlth Sci, Stavanger, Norway Erasmus MC, Urol, Rotterdam, Netherlands Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland German Res Ctr Environm Hlth GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol IBIS, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany Leiden Univ, Huygens Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Vienna, Nutr Sci, Vienna, Austria Kolling Inst Med Res, Med, St Leonards, NSW, Australia Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD USA Univ Montreal, Med Nutr & Microbiome Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada GlaxoSmithKline, Cell & Gene Therapy, Stevenage, Herts, England Univ Trieste, Life Sci, Trieste, Italy Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Radiol, Aachen, Germany Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Hosp Essen, West German Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Essen, Germany Med Univ Vienna, Obstet & Gynecol, Vienna, Austria FHI 360, Social & Behav Hlth Sci Div, Washington, DC USA KU Leuven VIB, Switch Lab, Leuven, Belgium Bielefeld Univ, Fac Technol, Bielefeld, Germany Capital Med Univ, Beijing Shijitan Hosp, Dept Clin Nutr, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Beijing, Peoples R China Meiji Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Kawasaki, Japan Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Microbiol, Seoul, South Korea Johnson & Johnson EAME, Maidenhead, Berks, England Penn State Coll Med, Pediat, Hershey, PA USA Univ N Carolina, Dept Social Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA Univ Western Australia, ARC CoE Plant Energy Biol, Perth, WA, Australia Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr & Hlth, Wageningen, Netherlands Kings Coll London, Dept Neuroimaging, London, England Univ Murcia, Biochem & Mol Biol, Murcia, Spain Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA Monash Univ, Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Pittsburgh, Pharmacol & Chem Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA Univ Lausanne, Ctr Integrat Genom, Lausanne, Switzerland Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK Gat, Genebank, Gatersleben, Germany Piramal Imaging, Res & Dev, Berlin, Germany Univ Leeds, Civil Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Univ Missouri, Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA Ajinomoto Genet Res Inst, Moscow, Russia Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Biochem Biophys & Biotechnol, Dept Plant Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland Univ Puerto Rico, Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR USA Univ Regina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Regina, SK, Canada Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA Univ Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast Mind & Neurosci Thompson Inst, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Beijing, Peoples R China Griffith Univ, Griffith Ctr Social & Cultural Res, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging Canc, Dept Mol Oncol, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Indiana Univ, Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN USA Fukushima Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Fukushima, Japan MEDIVIR AB, Biol, Huddinge, Sweden Western Sydney Univ, Neuroimmunol, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Jordan, Nutr & Food Technol, Amman, Jordan Thunen Inst Forest Genet, Fed Res Ctr Rura Areas Forestry & Fisheries, Inst Biodivers, Grosshansdorf, Germany Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Integrat Physiol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Toronto, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON, Canada Canadian Mem Chiropract Coll, Grad Educ & Res, Toronto, ON, Canada Agilent Technol, R&D, Leuven, Belgium Univ British Columbia, Sch Nursing, Vancouver, BC, Canada Monash Univ, Monash Hlth, Sch Clin Sci, Stroke & Ageing Res,Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia French Natl Canc Inst, Innovat, Transfer, Biol, Boulogne, France Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Phys Chem, NanoBioSci, Munich, Germany Bandung Inst Technol, Sch Pharm, Med Chem, Bandung, Indonesia Univ Luxembourg, Life Sci Res Unit, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Malmo, Sweden Millennium Hlth, Translat Genet, San Diego, CA USA Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Med Dept 2, Clin Res & Evidence Based Med Unit, Thessaloniki, Greece Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Piotrkow Trybunalski Branch, Dept Psychol, Kielce, Poland McMaster Univ, Engn Phys, Hamilton, ON, Canada Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Agr Food & Environm Sci, Ancona, Italy Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Microbiol, Kuwait, Kuwait Fujita Hlth Univ, Dept Breast Surg, Toyoake, Aich, Japan North West Reg Spinal Injuries Ctr, Spinal Injuries Ctr, Southport, Merseyside, England Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Competence Ctr Methodol & Stat, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Nestle Inst Hlth Sci SA, Metab Hlth, Ecublens, Vaud, Switzerland Ctr Inflammat Res VIB, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Dept Biomed Mol Biol, Ghent, Belgium Univ Lisbon, Inst Educ, Curriculo Formacao Prof & Tecnol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Inflammat Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic, Australia Northumbria Univ, Comp & Informat Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England Univ Valencia, Endocrinol, Valencia, Spain INRS, Inst Armand Frappier, Laval, PQ, Canada Univ Laval, INAF, Sch Nutr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany Univ Cote dAzur, LAMHESS, Nice, France Scion, Syst Ecol, Christchurch, New Zealand CUNY, Grad Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Policy, Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia George Inst Global Hlth, Renal & Metab Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Univ Minnesota, Radiat Oncol, Minneapolis, MN USA Goethe Univ, Fac Med, Frankfurt, Germany Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept & Grad Sch Safety & Environm Engn, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Massey Univ, Sch Sport Exercise & Nutr, Auckland, New Zealand Univ Florida, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA Bournemouth Univ, Dept Psychol, Poole, Dorset, England Robert Koch Inst, Project Grp P2, Berlin, Germany Univ Edinburgh, MRC Inst Genet & Mol Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland Univ Wollongong, Sch Med, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Univ Cologne, Inst Human Genet, Cologne, Germany Rural Econ Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA Uivers Bordeaux, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cognit & Integrat Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Mackay Med Coll, Dept Med, New Taipei, Taiwan Univ Bern, Div Anim Welf, Bern, Switzerland Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Inst Interdisciplinary Med Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China McMaster Univ, Biol, Hamilton, ON, Canada Univ S Florida, Dept Cell Biol Microbiol & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL USA Hacettepe Univ, Inst Canc, Med Oncol, Ankara, Turkey City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei, Taiwan Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev Agr, Ecol Secur, Beijing, Peoples R China Florida State Univ, Inst Mol Biophys, Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL USA Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, State Key Lab Chem Oncogen, Lab Computat Chem & Drug Design, Shenzhen, Peoples R China Univ Helsinki, Fac Pharm, Div Pharmaceut Chem & Technol, Drug Res Program, Helsinki, Finland Tohoku Univ, Microbial Biotechnol, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Basical Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tianjin, Peoples R China Dana Farber Canc Inst, Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Mol & Genom Med, Zhunan, Taiwan 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77030 USA Adnan Menderes Univ Aydin, Fac Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Nursing, Aydin, Turkey Oasi Res Inst IRCCS, Dept Neurol IC, Troina, Italy Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA Kings Coll London, Kings Ctr Mil Hlth Res, London, England LSHTM, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England Leibniz Univ Hannover, BMWZ Organ Chem, Hannover, Germany Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Pathophysiol, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Univ South Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Oncol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Shenzhen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Inst Translat Med, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England ASTAR, Singapore Immunol Network, Lab Microbial Immun, Singapore, Singapore Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Bridgeport, Biomed Engn, Bridgeport, CT 06601 USA Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Pharmaceut Sci, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA Univ Montana, Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA Univ Goettingen, Dept Syst Neurosci, Gottingen, Germany NHLBI, Lab Syst Genet, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Cleveland Clin, Lou Ruvo Ctr Brain Hlth, Imaging, Las Vegas, NV USA Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Nutr & Dietet, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Padua, Dept Math, Padua, Italy Lund Univ, Fac Law, Lund, Sweden Univ Gothenburg, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden NARO, Kachwekano Zardi, Entebbe, Uganda Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Aarhus Univ, Dept Biomed, Danish Res Inst Translat Neurosci DANDRITE, Aarhus, Denmark Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Math & Comp Sci, Maputo, Mozambique Univ Bern, Dept Old Age Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland RAS, Inst Cytol, Lab Cytol Unicellular Organisms, St Petersburg, Russia Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med ITEM, Inhalat Toxicol, Hannover, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Hlth Network, Anesthesia & Pain Med, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath, Avon, England Univ Copenhagen, Computat & RNA Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada Goethe Univ, CEF MC, BMLS, Phys Biol, Frankfurt, Germany Albert Einstein Coll Med, Anat & Struct Biol, New York, NY USA Queensland Govt, Dept Environm & Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Uppsala Univ, Vasc Surg Sect, Dept Surg Sci, Uppsala, Sweden Childrens Canc 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Informat Engn, Xiangtan, Hunan, Peoples R China Univ Hlth Network, Mood Disorders & Psychopharmacol, Toronto, ON, Canada Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Vet Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Published
2019

22. A New Species of Buyisa Distant, 1907 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini) from South Africa.

Author

Sanborn, Allen F. and Villet, Martin H.

Abstract

A new species of the cicada genus Buyisa Distant, 1907 is described from South Africa for an undetermined species referenced in the literature. Buyisa eccaensis new species is described and illustrated and notes on its biology are provided. A key to the officially described species of Buyisa is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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23. The cicada genus Tugelana Distant, 1912 (Hemiptera, Cicadidae): phylogenetic position and conservation status.

Author

Villet, Martin H. and Edwards, Shelley

Subjects
*CICADAS, *CYTOCHROME oxidase, *BAYESIAN field theory, *MOLECULAR phylogeny, *SYSTEM identification, *HEMIPTERA
Abstract

The cicada genus Tugelana Distant, 1912 is monotypic and endemic to south-eastern Africa. Material was not available for a recent molecular phylogeny of its tribe, so its precise phylogenetic placement is unestablished. Consequently, a 627 bp sequence of the cytochrome oxidase gene was obtained and its candidate relatives identified as several species of Platypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 using the BOLD Identification System and NCBI Genbank's BLAST. Bayesian inference analyses indicated that the type species, the Maputaland Orangewing Cicada Tugelana butleri Distant, 1912, is closely related to the Dune Koko Orangewing Cicada Platypleura zuluensis Villet, 1989, which has a geographical distribution that is parapatric with T. butleri and which has aberrant genitalia for a member of Platypleura. This pair of species is placed fairly deep within the African clade of Platypleura. We therefore formally recognized Platypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 as a senior synonym of Tugelana Distant, 1912, syn. nov., and assign T. butleri Distant, 1912 to Platypleura as Platypleura butleri (Distant 1912), comb. nov. The species occurs on the wooded grasslands of the Maputaland coastal plateau east of Lebombo Mountains and south of Maputo Bay. Its Extent of Occurrence is about 6360 km2, which would qualify it as Vulnerable under the IUCN's classification criteria for conservation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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25. Revision of the Afrotropical genus Fainia Zumpt, 1958, with notes on the morphology of Rhiniidae subfamilies (Diptera, Oestroidea).

Author

Thomas-Cabianca, Arianna, Martínez-Sánchez, Anabel, Villet, Martin H., and Rojo, Santos

Subjects
DIPTERA, MORPHOLOGY, TERMINALIA, TAXONOMY, SYNONYMS
Abstract

The taxonomy and diversity of Fainia Zumpt, 1958, an exclusive Afrotropical genus, had not been reviewed recently. The genus included six nominal species, but the status of several of them was debated. Identification of most Fainia species depends on characters of the male terminalia; females are poorly known and, in several cases, are not adequately diagnosed. We conducted a taxonomic revision of the genus and generated identification tools. Based on the study of type material and specimens available in entomological collections in Africa and Europe, we recognise here three of the six species as valid (F. albitarsis (Macquart, 1846), F. elongata (Bezzi, 1908) and F. inexpectata Zumpt, 1973). We also provide an identification key to both sexes, redescriptions of the species, updated distribution records and high resolution photographs of males' and females' habitus and male terminalia. The description of Fainia kagerana Lehrer, 2007a nom. nud. is an invalid nomenclatural act in terms of ICZN Article 13.1.1. Based on examinations of their holotypes, F. sambura Lehrer, 2008 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of F. albitarsis; F. kirinyaga Lehrer, 2007b syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of F. inexpectata; and Fainia giriama Lehrer, 2007b is moved from the genus Fainia to the genus Rhinia Robineau-Desvoidy, as Rhinia giriama (Lehrer, 2007b) comb. nov.. We propose two apomorphies that support the status of the subfamily Rhiniinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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26. Cryptic variation in an ecological indicator organism: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data confirm distinct lineages of Baetis harrisoni Barnard (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in southern Africa

Author

Pereira-da-Conceicoa Lyndall L, Price Benjamin W, Barber-James Helen M, Barker Nigel P, de Moor Ferdy C, and Villet Martin H

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Baetis harrisoni Barnard is a mayfly frequently encountered in river studies across Africa, but the external morphological features used for identifying nymphs have been observed to vary subtly between different geographic locations. It has been associated with a wide range of ecological conditions, including pH extremes of pH 2.9–10.0 in polluted waters. We present a molecular study of the genetic variation within B. harrisoni across 21 rivers in its distribution range in southern Africa. Results Four gene regions were examined, two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] and small subunit ribosomal 16S rDNA [16S]) and two nuclear (elongation factor 1 alpha [EF1α] and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [PEPCK]). Bayesian and parsimony approaches to phylogeny reconstruction resulted in five well-supported major lineages, which were confirmed using a general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model. Results from the EF1α gene were significantly incongruent with both mitochondrial and nuclear (PEPCK) results, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting of the EF1α gene. Mean between-clade distance estimated using the COI and PEPCK data was found to be an order of magnitude greater than the within-clade distance and comparable to that previously reported for other recognised Baetis species. Analysis of the Isolation by Distance (IBD) between all samples showed a small but significant effect of IBD. Within each lineage the contribution of IBD was minimal. Tentative dating analyses using an uncorrelated log-normal relaxed clock and two published estimates of COI mutation rates suggest that diversification within the group occurred throughout the Pliocene and mid-Miocene (~2.4–11.5 mya). Conclusions The distinct lineages of B. harrisoni correspond to categorical environmental variation, with two lineages comprising samples from streams that flow through acidic Table Mountain Sandstone and three lineages with samples from neutral-to-alkaline streams found within eastern South Africa, Malawi and Zambia. The results of this study suggest that B. harrisoni as it is currently recognised is not a single species with a wide geographic range and pH-tolerance, but may comprise up to five species under the phylogenetic species concept, each with limited pH-tolerances, and that the B. harrisoni species group is thus in need of taxonomic review.

Published
2012
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28. Intermediate disturbance promotes diversity and the conservation of dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae and Aphodiidae) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Author

Tocco, Claudia, Midgley, J.M., and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
DUNG beetles, SCARABAEIDAE, RANCHES, BIOINDICATORS, DAIRY farms, BEETLES
Abstract

• Medium grazing intensity supports a higher abundance and richness of dung beetles. • Land use change has different effects on endocoprids, paracoprids and telecoprids. • A mix of game and cattle ranching maintains dung beetles' diversity and abundance. • Dung beetles are reliable ecological indicators with consistent annual trends. Environmental fluctuations, such as changes in climate, agricultural management and anthropogenic land-use patterns can affect the diversity of organisms inhabiting an area. Losses of biodiversity alter ecosystems processes, eroding their capacity to deliver ecosystem services. Dung beetles are critical ecosystem service providers, making them an ideal ecological indicator to explore the effects of land-use change on biodiversity. Dung beetles were sampled across three land-use types, in the summers of 2015 and 2016 in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Game ranching is regarded as a relatively low-intensity land use type. It was compared with cattle ranching (medium intensity) and dairy farming (high intensity) to examine their effect on dung beetle assemblage metrics (abundance, species richness and true Shannon diversity index), guild diversity (as nesting guilds) and spatial turnover. The intermediate grazing intensity of cattle ranching supported a higher abundance and diversity of both whole dung beetle assemblage and the nesting guilds, followed by the game ranches and then dairy farms. Differences between the sampling years were dependent on the beetle nesting guild, and largely correlated with rainfall and temperature. Cattle and game ranches shared a higher number of species than either shared with dairy farms. Whittaker's Beta-diversity index showed the highest species turnover between game ranches and dairy farms. A mix of game and cattle ranching, minimising dairy farming or restricting it to already ecological degraded sites, appears the best alternative for maintenance of dung beetle diversity and their ecosystem services. The year-to-year trends of the data were in general consistent, confirming that dung beetles are reliable ecological indicators; but also suggest that climate change that affects rainfall will result in the reduction of the abundance and diversity of this key ecological group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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29. Book Review: Field Guide to Insects of South Africa

Author

Villet, Martin H.

Abstract

Book Title: Field Guide to Insects of South AfricaBook Authors: M. Picker, C. Griffiths & A. Weaving. StruikCape Town. 2002. Pp. 440. Price R180 (paperback).ISBN 1 86872 713 0.

Published
2017

30. Book Review: Medical Entomology for Students

Author

Villet, Martin H.

Abstract

Book Title: Medical Entomology for Students (2nd edn)Book Author: M.W. Service. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2000.Pp. xii + 283. Price R250 (paperback). ISBN 0 521 66659 7.

Published
2017

31. Book Reviews

Author

Cross, Robin and Villet, Martin H.

Abstract

Book Review 1Book Title: Electron microscopy methods and protocolsBook Author: Editor M.A. Nasser HajibagheriMethods in molecular biology, Volume 117. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey. 1999. ISBN 0-896-03640-5. Paperback, 283 pp.Book Review 2Book Title: Identifying British insects and arachnids: an annotated bibliography of key worksBook Author: Editor P.C. BarnardCambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1999. ISBN 0 521 63241 2. Hardback, 533pp.

Published
2017

32. Book Reviews

Author

Cliff, Geremy, Forbes, A.T., Brain, C.K., and Villet, Martin H.

Abstract

Book Review 1Book Title: Sharks and Rays of AustraliaBook Authors: P.R. Last & J.D. StevensPrinted and distributed by CSIRO, P.O. Box 89 East Melbourne. 3002 Australia, 1994. 612 pages and 84 colour plates.Book Review 2Book Title: The Ecology of Mangrove and Related Ecosystems. Proceedings of the International Symposium held at Mombasa, Kenya 24-30 September 1990Book Authors: Edited by Victor Jaccarini & Els MartensKluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1993. 272 pages. Hardbound. ISBN 0-7923-2049-2.Book Review 3Book Title: Rotifer Symposium VI. Proceedings of the Sixth International Rotifer Symposium, held in Banyoles, Spain, June 3-8, 1991Book Authors: Edited by J.J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M.R. MiracleReprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols 255-256, as Developments in Hydrobiology 83Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht /Boston /London. 572 pagesBook Review 4Book Title: Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the WorldBook Author: Barry BoltonHarvard University Press, 1994. 224 pages, 522 SEM photographs. ISBN 0-674-44280-6

Published
2017

33. Habitat requirements affect genetic variation in three species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa.

Author

Taylor, Chantal L., Barker, Nigel P., Barber-James, Helen M., Villet, Martin H., and Pereira-da-Conceicoa, Lyndall L.

Subjects
MAYFLIES, HABITAT selection, HABITATS, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, SPECIES diversity, MOUNTAIN soils
Abstract

This study investigates genetic diversity in three species of Ephemeroptera, one eurytopic and therefore widespread (Afroptilum sudafricanum) and two stenotopic and thus endemic (Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis) species, all of which co-occur in the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between the habitat generalist and the two habitat specialists. Afroptilum sudafricanum showed no indication of population genetic structure due to geographic location, while both Demoreptus species revealed clear genetic differentiation between geographic localities and catchments, evident from phylogenetic analyses and high FST values from AMOVA. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses indicate some deeper haplotype divergences within A. sudafricanum and Demoreptus that merit taxonomic attention. These results give important insight into evolutionary processes occurring through habitat specialisation and population isolation. Further research and sampling across a wider geographic setting that includes both major mountain blocks of the Escarpment and lowland non-Escarpment sites will allow for refined understanding of biodiversity and associated habitat preferences, and illuminate comparative inferences into gene flow and cryptic speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Out of Africa? A dated molecular phylogeny of the cicada tribe Platypleurini Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), with a focus on African genera and the genus Platypleura Amyot & Audinet‐Serville.

Author

Price, Benjamin W., Marshall, David C., Barker, Nigel P., Simon, Chris, and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
MOLECULAR phylogeny, CICADAS, HEMIPTERA, TRIBES, MOLECULAR clock, BOVIDAE
Abstract

The Platypleurini is a large group of charismatic cicadas distributed from Cape Agulhas in South Africa, through tropical Africa, Madagascar, India and eastern Asia to Japan, with generic diversity concentrated in equatorial and southern Africa. This distribution suggests the possibility of a Gondwanan origin and dispersal to eastern Asia from Africa or India. We used a four‐gene (three mitochondrial) molecular dataset, fossil calibrations and molecular clock information to explore the phylogenetic relationships of the platypleurine cicadas and the timing and geography of their diversification. The earliest splits in the tribe were found to separate forest genera in Madagascar and equatorial Africa from the main radiation, and all of the Asian/Indian species sampled formed a younger clade nested well within the African taxa. The tribe appears to have diversified during the Cenozoic, beginning c. 50–32 Ma, with most extant African lineages originating in the Miocene or later, well after the breakup of the Gondwanan landmass. Biogeographical analysis suggests an African origin for the tribe and a single dispersal event founding the Asian platypleurines, although additional taxon sampling and genetic data will be needed to confirm this pattern because key nodes in the tree are still weakly supported. Two Platypleurini genera from Madagascar (Pycna Amyot & Audinet‐Serville, Yanga Distant) are found to have originated by late Miocene dispersal of a single lineage from Africa. The genus Platypleura is recovered as polyphyletic, with Platypleura signifera Walker from South Africa and many Asian/Indian species apparently requiring assignment to different genera, and a new Platypleura concept is proposed with the synonymization of Azanicada Villet syn.n. The genera Orapa Distant and Hamza Distant, currently listed within separate tribes but suspected of platypleurine affinity, are nested deeply within the Platypleurini radiation. The tribe Orapini syn.n. is here synonymized while the tribe Hamzini is pending a decision of the ICZN to preserve nomenclatorial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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35. Checklist, endemism, English vernacular names and identification of the cicadas (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadidae) of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Author

Armstrong, Adrian John and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
*CICADAS, *INSECTS, *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, *PROTECTED areas, *ENDEMIC animals, *MILLIPEDES, *HEMIPTERA
Abstract

Public understanding of the goals of applied biology and conservation is promoted by showcasing charismatic or significant organisms using vernacular names. Conservation activities in the province of Kwa- Zulu-Natal, South Africa, are prioritising taxa that have high rates of provincial endemism, such as snails, earthworms, millipedes and cicadas. To assist wider public engagement in these activities, an assessment of endemism of the cicadas of KwaZulu-Natal is presented along with a dichotomous, 37-couplet key for the identification of males, based mainly on externally visible morphology and colouration. Standardised English vernacular names coined following a simple naming convention are proposed. Forty-two percent (16 out of 38) of the cicada species known from KwaZulu-Natal are endemic to the province. Photographs of some of the species are included to facilitate their identification. Photographs can be used for identification of various species providing that the diagnostic characters are visible in the photographs. For this purpose, photographs may have to be taken of hand-held individuals. Some of the endemic species are of particular concern for conservation because they are not known to occur in statutory protected areas or are only known from relatively small protected areas. The latter may not be able to ensure the long-term survival of the species. The rate and extent of loss of habitat outside protected areas is likely to be a grave threat to species that are not protected or that are inadequately conserved in statutory protected areas. The standardised vernacular names proposed here provide a tool for communicating provincial conservation plans and concerns with stakeholders in KwaZulu-Natal and for stimulating interest in cicadas amongst land users, environmental impact assessment practitioners, biologists, naturalists and citizen scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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36. Trophic preference of southern African dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) and its influence on bioindicator surveys.

Author

Balmer, Jonathan P., Villet, Martin H., and Tocco, Claudia

Subjects
*DUNG beetles, *BIOINDICATORS, *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, *SURVEYS
Abstract

Environmental assessments using bioindicators gain value if the interpretability of the indicator used is high, and it is clear how survey methods affect survey comparisons. Because dung beetles are favoured as bioindicators, we studied the trophic preference of a southern African beetle community and its potential effects on surveys of beetle diversity using manual sampling of droppings and pitfall traps baited with carnivore, ruminant or nonruminant dung. Manual sampling showed no significant differences between dung types in either dung beetles abundance or species richness. Generalised linear mixed models of total and endocoprid abundances, species richness and Real Shannon index of trap samples showed higher dung beetle diversity associated with ruminant than with nonruminant dung, which in turn was significantly preferred over carnivore dung. Hide beetles (248 Troginae specimens) were attracted almost exclusively to carnivore dung. Paracoprid abundance was comparable between ruminant and nonruminant dung. IndVal analysis showed that, of a total of 47 species, six preferred ruminant dung and only one preferred nonruminant dung. These results imply that different dung beetle species may be used as ecological indicators, depending on their natural history, and that the survey method and the dung type used to survey will influence such assessment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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37. Climate change effects on animal and plant phylogenetic diversity in southern Africa

Author

Pio, Dorothea V, Engler, Robin, Linder, H Peter, Monadjem, Ara, Cotterill, Fenton P D, Taylor, Peter J, Schoeman, M Corrie, Price, Benjamin W, Villet, Martin H, Eick, Geeta, Salamin, Nicolas, Guisan, Antoine, University of Zurich, and Guisan, Antoine

Subjects
2300 General Environmental Science, 10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, 580 Plants (Botany), 2303 Ecology
Published
2014

39. Species identification of adult African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance.

Author

Lutz, Lena, Williams, Kirstin A., Villet, Martin H., Ekanem, Mfon, and Szpila, Krzysztof

Subjects
BLOWFLIES, DIPTERA, IDENTIFICATION of animals, FORENSIC entomology, CARRION insects
Abstract

Necrophagous blowflies can provide an excellent source of evidence for forensic entomologists and are also relevant to problems in public health, medicine, and animal health. However, access to useful information about these blowflies is constrained by the need to correctly identify the flies, and the poor availability of reliable, accessible identification tools is a serious obstacle to the development of forensic entomology in the majority of African countries. In response to this need, a high-quality key to the adults of all species of forensically relevant blowflies of Africa has been prepared, drawing on high-quality entomological materials and modern focus-stacking photomicroscopy. This new key can be easily applied by investigators inexperienced in the taxonomy of blowflies and is made available through a highly accessible online platform. Problematic diagnostic characters used in previous keys are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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40. The uses of <italic>Chrysomya megacephala</italic> (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in forensic entomology.

Author

Badenhorst, Rozane and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
BLOWFLIES, FORENSIC entomology, SPECIES distribution, CARRION insects, FORENSIC sciences
Abstract

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) occurs on every continent and is closely associated with carrion and decaying material in human environments. Its abilities to find dead bodies and carry pathogens give it a prominence in human affairs that may involve prosecution or litigation, and therefore forensic entomologists. The identification, geographical distribution and biology of the species are reviewed to provide a background for approaches that four branches of forensic entomology (urban, stored-product, medico-criminal and environmental) might take to investigations involving this fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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41. Optimising design and effort for environmental surveys using dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Author

Tocco, Claudia, Quinn, Danielle E.A., Midgley, John M., and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
DUNG beetles, BIOLOGICAL monitoring, PITFALL traps, INSECT traps
Abstract

In biological monitoring, deploying an effective standardised quantitative sampling method, optimised by trap design and sampling effort, is an essential consideration. To exemplify this using dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) communities, three pitfall trap designs (un-baited (TN), baited at ground level (flat trap, TF), and baited above the trap (hanging trap, TH)), employed with varying levels of sampling effort (number of traps=1, 2, 3 … 10; number of days=1, 2, 3), were evaluated for sampling completeness and efficiency in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Modelling and resampling simulation approaches were used to suggest optimal sampling protocols across environmentally diverse sites. Overall, TF recovered the greatest abundance and species richness of dung beetles, but behavioural guilds showed conflicting trends: endocoprids preferred TH while paracoprids and telocoprids preferred TF. Resampling simulation of trap type and the two components of sampling effort suggested that six TF traps left for three days was most efficient in obtaining a representative sample and allowed differentiation between trap types, allowing the improved efficiency to be recognised. The effect of trap type on non-target specimens, particularly ants, was also investigated. TF and TH caught almost no by-catch, which is ethically desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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42. The temporal occurrence of flesh flies (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) at carrion-baited traps in Grahamstown, South Africa.

Author

Villet, Martin H., Clitheroe, Crystal, and Williams, Kirstin A.

Subjects
*SARCOPHAGIDAE, *ANIMAL traps, *ANIMAL populations, *ANIMAL ecology
Abstract

Eleven species of flesh fly were identified in a sample of 737 specimens captured during fortnightly trapping at three sites in Grahamstown, South Africa, over a year. Sarcophaga africa Wiedemann, 1824, S. inaequalis Austen, 1909, S. exuberans Pandellé, 1896 and S. tibialis Macquart, 1851 showed well-defined peaks between early October 2001 and late April 2002, and only S. africa was trapped at other times of year. These peaks occurred when average minimum and maximum ambient air temperatures were above 12°C and 22°C, respectively, and showed no obvious relationship to rainfall. There were indications of population cycles in all of these species. Sarcophaga hera Zumpt, 1972, S. arno Curran, 1934, S. inzi Curran, 1934, S. langi Curran, 1934, S. freyi Zumpt, 1953, S. nodosa Engel, 1925 and S. samia Curran, 1934 were too scarce to assess their patterns of occurrence rigorously. Insects attending a corpse are reputed to assist forensic entomologists in estimating the time of year when the body died. Some flesh flies provide more precise estimates than others, so several species should be used for cross-validation. Insect activity at a corpse depends on the weather, so that presence of a species indicates particular environmental conditions and not simply calendar dates (particularly if climate changes). Absence of a species is not necessarily evidence of specific conditions because species may not be present at all sites simultaneously, populations cycle even when their members are active, and low population densities may hamper detection of a species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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43. Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic reevaluation of the river sardine, Mesobola brevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini).

Author

Riddin, Megan A., Bills, I. Roger, and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, MORPHOMETRICS, RIVER sardine, CLASSIFICATION of fish, CYTOCHROME oxidase
Abstract

The river sardine, Mesobola brevianalis (Boulenger, 1908), is the type species of Mesobola Howes, 1984. Standard phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I gene of individuals from populations across southern Africa that are currently identified as M. brevianalis showed that these populations represent four genetically distinct allopatric lineages. Furthermore, Engraulicypris sardella (Günther, 1868), the type species of Engraulicypris Günther, 1894, was convincingly nested amongst these clades. These findings support synonymisation of Engraulicypris and Mesobola syn. n.; restoration of Engraulicypris gariepinus (Barnard, 1943), stat. rev. for the lower Orange River population; description of two new species, Engraulicypris ngalala sp. n. and Engraulicypris howesi sp. n. from the Rovuma and Kunene river systems, respectively; affirmation of the synonymy of Engraulicypris brevianalis (Boulenger, 1908), comb. n. sensu stricto and Engraulicypris whitei van der Horst, 1934; and restoration of Engraulicypris bredoi Poll, 1945, stat. rev. and Engraulicypris spinifer Bailey & Matthes, 1971, stat. rev. from Mesobola. Discriminant function analysis of a truss network of five traditional morphometric measurements and 21 morphometric measurements that characterised the shape of the fishes was used to seek morphological markers for the genetically distinct populations. Only E. gariepinus was morphometrically distinctive, but live colouration differed between the lineages. Detailed taxonomic descriptions and an identification key for the species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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44. Heat accumulation and development rate of massed maggots of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Author

Kotzé, Zanthé, Villet, Martin H., and Weldon, Christopher W.

Subjects
*LUCILIA cuprina, *BLOWFLIES, *DIPTEROLOGY, *MAGGOTS, *ENTOMOLOGISTS
Abstract

Blowfly larvae aggregate on exposed carcasses and corpses and pass through three instars before wandering from the carcass and pupating. The developmental landmarks in this process can be used by forensic entomologists to estimate the time since the insects colonised the carcass, which sets a minimum post mortem interval. Large aggregations of feeding larvae generate a microclimate with temperatures up to 15 °C above ambient conditions, which may accelerate larval development and affect forensic estimates of post-mortem intervals. This study investigated the effects of heat accumulated by maggot masses of Lucilia cuprina at aggregations of 20, 50 and 100 larvae, each at incubation temperatures of 18 °C, 24 °C and 30 °C, using body length and life stage as developmental indicators. Aggregation temperatures reached up to 18.7 °C above ambient temperature, with significant effects of both size and temperature of the aggregation on the development time of its larvae. Survivorship was highest for all life stages at 24 °C, which is near the developmental optimum of L. cuprina . The results of this study provide a broadly applicable method of quantifying heat accumulation by aggregations of a wide range of species of forensic importance, and the results obtained from such studies will demonstrate that ambient temperature cannot be considered the only source of heat that blowfly larvae experience when they develop on a carcass. Neglect of temperatures within larval aggregations will result in an overestimation of post-mortem intervals and thus have far-reaching medicolegal consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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47. Song Analysis of South African Pygmy Bladder Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Tettigomyiini).

Author

Sanborn, Allen F., Phillips, Polly K., and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
INSECT sounds, CICADAS, HEMIPTERA, INSECT communication, INSECT ecology, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

The callings songs of five species from three genera of South African pygmy bladder cicadas are analyzed. The call of each species has a distinct temporal pattern and frequency spectrum. The songs are of significantly lower frequency than would be predicted based on body mass or body length. Comparison of bladder cicada calls from Australia and South Africa show similar lower than predicted frequencies in species of independent evolutionary origin. The inflated abdomen found in these cicadas appears to be a convergent adaptation to permit more efficient song production at lower carrier frequencies that increase the distance the songs will travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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48. Sperm ultrastructure and spermatodesm morphology of the spittle bug Locris transversa (Thunberg 1822) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae).

Author

Hodgson, Alan N., Ridgeway, Jaryd A., and Villet, Martin H.

Abstract

The structure of the spermatozoon and spermatodesm of the spittlebug Locris transversa (Thunberg 1822) was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Males produced only one size class of sperm, which was 93–106 μm long. During spermatogenesis groups of spermatozoa are arranged around, and attached by their acrosomes to, a small central extracellular matrix to form a ball-shaped spermatodesm. Spermatodesmata were found in the testis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of males and spermatheca of females. The sperm are filiform, each consisting of a ~15-μm-long head containing an anteriorly positioned conical ~2-μm-long acrosome and ~13-μm-long nucleus, and a midpiece and tail with a 9+9+2 axoneme. The acrosome, which has two posterior extensions that lie along one side of the anterior region of the nucleus, contains longitudinally orientated microfilaments. The nucleus has two unequal anterior extensions, whereas posteriorly it is flattened laterally to accommodate a putative centriolar adjunct and anterior ends of the two mitochondrial derivatives. The basal body lies posterior to the nucleus. The mitochondrial derivatives are elongated and extend for almost the entire length of the tail. The tail has glycogen within its centre, and towards its terminal end large deposits of glycogen surround the mitochondrial derivatives and axoneme. Compared to other members of the Cicadomorpha, the spermatozoa and spermatodesms of cercopids so far studied have some structural features in common with cicadellids and others in common with cicadas; therefore, if sperm features are to be useful in phylogenetic studies of cicadomorphs, attention must be given to examining key taxa to establish which character states are plesiomorphic or apomorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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49. Allopatric speciation in the flightless Phoberus capensis (Coleoptera: Trogidae) group, with description of two new species.

Author

Strümpher, Werner P., Sole, Catherine L., Villet, Martin H., and Scholtz, Clarke H.

Subjects
VICARIANCE, RELICTS (Biology), BIOLOGICAL evolution, BEETLES, PHYLOGENY
Abstract

The name Phoberus capensis (Scholtz) is applied to a small lightless, keratinophagous beetle endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Its gross distribution stretches from roughly 1000 km from the Cederberg (32°24'22" S, 19°04'50" E) to Grahamstown (33°20'07" S, 26°32'50" E). The populations are spatially discrete, restricted to relict forests of the southern Cape and disjunct high montane refugia of the Cape Fold Mountains. We test the hypothesis that there is more than one distinct species nested within the name P. capensis. Phylogenetic relationships among populations were inferred using molecular sequence data. The results support three distinct evolutionary lineages, which were also supported by morphological characters. Divergence time estimates suggest Pliocene-Pleistocene diversiication. Based on these results, it is suggested that the P. capensis lineage experienced climatically-driven allopatric speciation with sheltered Afrotemperate forests and high mountain peaks serving as important refugia in response to climatic ameliorations. The P . capensis complex thus represents a speciation process in which light-restricted populations evolved in close allopatry, possibly as recently as the Pleistocene. Two diver- gent and geographically distinct lineages are described as novel species: The new species, P. disjunctus sp. n. and P. herminae sp. n., are illustrated by photographs of habitus and male aedeagi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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50. Phylogenetic radiation of the greenbottle flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Luciliinae).

Author

Williams, Kirstin A., Lamb, Jennifer, and Villet, Martin H.

Subjects
INSECT phylogeny, INSECT diversity, GREEN-bottle flies, INSECT identification, BLOWFLIES
Abstract

The subfamily Luciliinae is diverse and geographically widespread. Its four currently recognised genera (Dyscritomyia Grimshaw, 1901, Hemipyrellia Townsend, 1918, Hypopygiopsis Townsend 1916 and Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) contain species that range from saprophages to obligate parasites, but their pattern of phylogenetic diversification is unclear. The 28S rRNA, COI and Period genes of 14 species of Lucilia and Hemipyrellia were partially sequenced and analysed together with sequences of 11 further species from public databases. The molecular data confirmed molecular paraphyly in three species-pairs in Lucilia that hamper barcode identifications of those six species. Lucilia sericata and L. cuprina were confirmed as mutual sister species. The placements of Dyscritomyia and Hypopygiopsis were ambiguous, since both made Lucilia paraphyletic in some analyses. Recognising Hemipyrellia as a genus consistently left Lucilia s.l. paraphyletic, and the occasionally-recognised (sub)genus Phaenicia was consistently paraphyletic, so these taxa should be synonymised with Lucilia to maintain monophyly. Analysis of a matrix of 14 morphological characters scored for adults of all genera and for most of the species included in the molecular analysis confirmed several of these findings. The different degrees of parasitism were phylogenetically clustered within this genus but did not form a graded series of evolutionary stages, and there was no particular relationship between feeding habits and biogeography. Because of the ubiquity of hybridization, introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in blow flies, we recommend that using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers should be a procedural standard for medico-criminal forensic identifications of insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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