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Hispanic women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) face unique disparities. They have poorer health outcomes and are less likely to seek help than their non-Hispanic counterparts. When women remain in relationships where IPV occurs and refuse to disclose or seek treatment, they may resort to self-silencing, which can also worsen health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a theory that explains how self-silencing evolves among Hispanic women who experience IPV. Participants were recruited from two research studies focused on Hispanic women's health, and from snowball sampling, which involved referrals by previously registered participants. Data were collected via Zoom® and included individual interviews. A total of 25 women participated in this study. Analysis followed constructive grounded theory levels of analysis described by Charmaz and constant comparative methods described by Glaser and Strauss. A grounded theory entitled Bearing (Aguantando) With Intimate Partner Violence emerged from the data. The theory explains the main strategy Hispanic women use to deal with violence while remaining in a relationship where IPV occurs. The theory is constructed of four categories with subcategories. The results of this study provide an initial framework to understand the self-silencing process among Hispanic women who experience IPV. In addition, this study identifies different levels of interventions that can be useful for researchers and healthcare providers to promote Hispanic women's ability to become empowered, use their voices, and seek help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HIV epidemic disproportionately affects Hispanics in the U.S., with Hispanic women (HW) accounting for 18% of new HIV diagnoses in 2019 despite comprising only 16% of the female population. The imbalance of power related to cultural values and HW's lack of knowledge and low perception of risk for HIV interferes with prevention efforts (e.g., condom use, HIV testing, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]). It is estimated that in 2019, only 10% of women in the U.S. who could benefit from PrEP were given prescriptions for it. This number is estimated to be significantly lower among HW. PrEP is highly effective for preventing HIV, reducing the risk of acquiring HIV from sexual activity by about 99%. To respond to this need, we developed SEPA+PrEP, a biobehavioral HIV prevention intervention that adapted and integrated SEPA (Salud/Health, Educación/Education, Prevención/Prevention, Autocuidado/Self-Care), an empirically validated behavioral HIV prevention intervention, with the evidence-based biomedical strategy of PrEP. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of SEPA+PrEP among cisgender heterosexual Hispanic women (HW). We used a mixed methods approach to gather data from 44 HW living in the City of Homestead and its surrounding communities in Miami-Dade County, Florida. None of the participants knew about PrEP prior to participating in the study, and the majority (70.5%, n = 23) had not used condoms when engaging in vaginal sex during the previous three months. Overall, study results suggest that SEPA+PrEP is an acceptable and feasible intervention to prevent HIV among HW, with a focus on PrEP knowledge, initiation, and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In 2018, one in six newly diagnosed individuals with HIV in the United States were adults aged 50 years and older, 24% were women, and 60% were Black/African American and Hispanic (42% and 18%, respectively). AIMS: This study aims to examine the factors associated with HIV psychosocial illness impact among Black/African American and Hispanic older women living with HIV. METHOD: Guided by the socioecological model, a secondary data analysis design with cross-sectional data that included 138 Black/African American and Hispanic women aged 50 years and older was conducted. RESULTS: Higher levels of avoidant coping, depressive symptoms, negative self-perception of health, and decreased social support were significant factors associated with HIV psychosocial illness impact among this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study can contribute to identifying solutions to prevent and decrease these negative factors associated with HIV psychosocial illness impact among Black/African American and Hispanic older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latinas continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Effective interventions to address HIV-related disparities among Latinas are available; however, they have not achieved widespread dissemination due to implementation challenges for real-world settings. A culturally tailored intervention that increases access to HIV prevention is urgently needed. The objective of this study was to develop a culturally tailored telenovela (i.e., a soap opera) to promote HIV prevention behaviors (condom use; HIV testing; and pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, access, and use) among Latinas. The study was conducted in community organizations throughout South Florida. A total of 44 Spanish-speaking Latinas, 18–35 years old, and sexually active with a man in the past 6 months participated in the study. The final product was an HIV prevention telenovela that incorporated Latinas' ideas and feedback and was produced as four 10-minute filmed episodes. This study aimed to develop innovative approaches to reduce HIV-related disparities for Latinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current study was to identify biopsychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms among Hispanic women aged ≥50 years. Cross-sectional data related to 10 biological, psychological, and social factors were analyzed. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores suggested that 32% of the sample had depressive symptoms. Self-esteem, self-perception of health status, income, and chronic pain had statistically significant associations with depressive symptoms. A logistic regression analysis showed that increasing self-esteem scores were associated with decreases in the likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Findings underscore that depression is associated with biological, psychological, and social factors. Culturally tailored interventions that aim at targeting these factors may have an impact on Hispanic women's depression and overall well-being. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61(11), 32–42.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic diseases (CDs) are increasingly common among the aging population. Some evidence suggests that older Hispanic women ages 50 years and older (OHW) are at an increased risk for CDs and poorer outcomes than other groups. This study investigated the preliminary efficacy of ActuaYa, a culturally tailored CD prevention and health promotion intervention for OHW. A prospective, single-group, repeated measures study (n = 50) was conducted in Florida. Clinical measures and surveys were collected at baseline and post-intervention at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Descriptive statistics, paired-sample t- tests, and McNemar tests were used for analysis. At baseline, more than half of the participants had a CD. Post-intervention results showed a significant decrease in participants' MAP, BMI, and A1C, and a significant increase in self-efficacy for exercise and HIV knowledge compared to baseline measures. The results of this study support the preliminary efficacy of ActuaYa in preventing CDs and increasing health promotion among OHW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the availability of resources, exposure to psychological intimate partner violence (P-IPV), and depression in Hispanic women in South Florida. This secondary data analysis used cross-sectional baseline data from SEPA (Salud, Educación, Prevención y Autocuidado) III. SEPA III was a randomized controlled trial that tested the SEPA intervention with 320 cisgender, sexually active Hispanic women. Descriptive analysis, logistic, and multiple regressions were conducted. Lower sexual relationship power and attending religious services were associated with higher odds of P-IPV. Reporting a history of P-IPV in the last 3 months predicted depression scores and higher depression scores were associated with higher odds of experiencing P-IPV. Participants with higher depressive scores reported less education, increased emergency room utilization, and less sexual relationship power. P-IPV is highly prevalent among Hispanic women living in South Florida. The availability of personal and community resources can buffer the risk of P-IPV and its mental health consequences. Nurses can strengthen women's resources to prevent Hispanic women from exposure to P-IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses rural Guatemala's poor maternal health and HIV status by culturally adapting an evidence-based HIV intervention, SEPA (Self-Care, Education, Prevention, Self-Care), to extend the capacity of comadronas (Mayan birth attendants) as HIV prevention providers. This mixed-method study examined the acceptability, suitability, and feasibility of SEPA presented to traditional elder and a younger cohort of comadronas over three sessions. Outcome variables were reported as mean scores. Open-ended qualitative responses were categorized under central themes. Session 1, 2, and 3 acceptability (4.6/5, 4.6/5, 4.8/5), suitability (4.7/5, 4.6/5, 4.9/5), and feasibility (4.4/5, 4.7/5, 4.8/5) remained high across sessions. While comadronas reported that information was difficult, they reported high levels of understanding and comfort with SEPA content and they also found it to be culturally appropriate, increasing their confidence to discuss HIV with their community. The broader utilization of comadronas could create a pathway to enhance reproductive health among indigenous women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This review aimed to systematically examine the characteristics and outcomes of family-based psychosocial interventions offered to adult Latino patients with cancer and their caregivers. Methods: We searched six databases from their inception dates through June 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (1) targeted both adult Latino patients diagnosed with cancer and their adult caregivers or reported subgroup analyses of Latino patients and caregivers; (2) included family-based psychosocial interventions; (3) used randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-experimental designs; and (4) were published in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Members of our multidisciplinary team assessed the risk of bias in the reviewed studies using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Our database searches yielded five studies. The studies were conducted in the U.S. and Brazil. Three studies were RCTs, and two used quasi-experimental designs. The sample sizes ranged from 18 to 230 patient-caregiver dyads. These studies culturally adapted the intervention contents and implementation methods and involved bilingual interventionists. The interventions had beneficial effects on multiple aspects of psychosocial outcomes for both patients and caregivers. We also identified methodological limitations in the reviewed studies. Conclusions: Findings from this systematic review help deepen our understanding of family-based psychosocial interventions for Latinos affected by cancer. The small number of psychosocial interventions focused on adult Latino cancer patients and their caregivers is concerning, considering that Latino populations are disproportionally burdened by cancer. Future research needs to design and evaluate culturally-appropriate interventions to support Latino patients and families who cope with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a multifactorial progressive optic neuropathy whose main risk factor is intraocular hypertension (IOH). It generates loss of nerves and is the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The objective of this work was to develop a glaucoma model in rabbits and analyze the anatomical, functional and biochemical changes over time through intraocular pressure (IOP), electroretinography (ERG), antioxidant capacity with FRAP essay. in aqueous humor (AH), and histopathology with quantification of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). 24 female New Zealand white rabbits were used. In 12 animals, glaucoma was induced by injection of µ-chymotrypsin. During the postoperative period, the treatment and control groups were examined weekly. 7 days after surgery, IOP (mmHg) was 18.30 ± 1.75 in the treatment group and 13.59 ± 0.63 in the control (p<0.02). The most important rise was at 14 days (treatment 27 ± 2.64 vs. controls 15.78 ± 0.86) (p<0.001), remaining stable thereafter. In the ERG, the analysis of the latency of A and B waves in ms with stimulus intensity of 15 LUX showed a difference between treatment and controls (p £ 0.05). The FRAP values (mM FeSO4/mg of proteins) were 520.3 ± 44 in the treatment group, and 2851.3 ± 178.7 in the control (p<0.0001). The RGC count per field was 15 ± 2.20 in the control group and 5.52 ± 0.77 in the treatment group (p<0.001). The glaucoma model enabled the analysis of anatomical, functional and biochemical changes as a function of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Among older adults, minority older women will account for 60% of the new HIV diagnoses. The psychosocial impact of living with HIV among this vulnerable population narrated by their own voices has been understudied. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of living with HIV on minority older women. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 minority older women living with HIV at an Ambulatory Care Center HIV Clinic in South Florida. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Conventional content analysis was used to identify and define the major themes that emerged from the interviews. Questions included those concerning description of life after the HIV diagnosis, most challenging aspects of life after the diagnosis, and daily activities since the diagnosis. RESULTS: The analysis of the interview data led to five main themes: (I) Social Impact of HIV, (II) Threats to Health and Well-Being, (III) HIV as a Death Sentence, (IV) Spirituality, and (V) HIV Treatment Adherence. In their narratives, women described a myriad of psychosocial issues such as depressed mood, isolation, economic challenges, stigma, anhedonia of interest, fear of death, among others. CONCLUSIONS: There is a compelling empirical need for rapid implementation of a culturally tailored, holistic, low-cost, multistrategy intervention to early screen and reduce the psychosocial impact of HIV among minority older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPV vaccination among United States's rural Hispanic youth is suboptimal to the Healthy People 2030 goal. Rural Hispanic parents' HPV vaccine (HPVV) perceptions have influenced these low rates. Furthermore, few effective interventions for increasing HPV vaccination among rural Hispanic populations exist. This study aimed to determine rural Hispanic parent's preferred HPV and HPVV learning methods to guide future HPV prevention interventions. A descriptive qualitative design was used. A total of 23 rural Hispanic parents from South Florida participated in four focus groups. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Three overcharging themes were identified: 1) Learning method preferences for parents, 2) Learning method preferences for youth, and 3) Learning method preferences for families. Sub-themes included participants' preferences on their interest for an intervention, target audiences, teaching methods, availability of community members, intervention facilitators, and content. Addressing HPV vaccination by developing culturally tailored programs for rural Hispanic parents is urgently needed to prevent HPV and HPV-related cancers among this disproportionately affected population. Findings highlight essential elements that should be considered when designing an intervention for increasing HPV vaccination among Hispanics in rural settings. Pediatric nurses must offer culturally appropriate HPVV education and literature and proactively recommend the HPVV at every opportunity. Pediatric nurses can administer the HPVV at schools and community health fairs while clinics can play educational clips in waiting and examination rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among the 39,782 newly HIV diagnosed individuals in the U.S., 17% were aged 50+. Although premature aging, morbidity, and mortality are issues for older people living with HIV that threaten their quality of life, less attention has been focused on end of life (EOL) discussions. Objectives: To examine predictors of EOL discussions with significant others, family members, and friends. Methods: Cross-sectional design was used for this study guided by the The Socio Ecological Model (SEM). Sample: 119 Black and 19 Hispanic women aged 50+ living with HIV. Results: Predictors of EOL discussions were education, living with a partner, religiosity, and pain, which were at the individual-intrapersonal level of the SEM. Discussion: Findings from this study have important implications for health policy makers and clinicians because they cast a bright light on the substantial continued effort that is needed to improve EOL discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature shows that sexual activity remains important at older age and is a valued part of life. However, little is known about the intimate partner relationships (IPR) among minority older women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The purpose of this study is to explore the effect HIV diagnosis had on the intimate partner relationships (IPR) among minority older women living with HIV (MOWH). Qualitative descriptive study. A total of 28 MOWH (Black and Latinas) aged 50 years and older participated in face to face semi-structured in-depth interviews. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (a)"Intimate partner relationships before HIV diagnosis" that revealed sexual practices increasing the risk for HIV in their intimate relationships; (b)"Facing relationship consequences of HIV disclosure after diagnosis" explored the consequences of HIV disclosure, and how disclosure determined the future of their intimate relationships; and (c) "Intimate partner relationships after HIV diagnosis" described the quality of intimate partner relationships and changes after HIV diagnosis. Results from this study contribute to understanding and increasing awareness of the effect of HIV on the intimacy of MOWH. Education provided by health care workers and interventions targeting MOWH should address the effect of HIV in IPR, address MOWH's concerns about it, and help them to improve their overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression spans age-groups, but it can be particularly destructive for older people with chronic illness. Among older Black women living with HIV (OBWLH), multiple social determinants have been associated with the prevalence and severity of depression. A greater understanding of the impact of the social determinants at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels is needed. AIMS: To explore social determinants of depression among OBWLH at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive design. RESULTS: A total of 118 OBWLH were analyzed in the study. Depression was prevalent among the participants. Approximately 89.8% of the participants had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Health status, exercise, and social support were significant predictors of depression in the sample. CONCLUSION: Social determinants at multiple levels play a significant role in the occurrence and management of depression among OBWLH. Implications for practice, education, and research can be drawn from these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have tried to understand the factors related to HPV vaccination among Hispanics living in rural communities in the United States (US). Nationally, HPV vaccination among Hispanics is suboptimal (26.1%) compared to the HealthyPeople 2020 goal of 80% and even more suboptimal in rural communties. This study aimed to determine the salient factors among Hispanic parents for vaccinating their children against HPV and for designing a future HPV prevention intervention for Hispanics. A descriptive qualitative design was used. Saturation was reached after conducting four focus groups with 23 Hispanic parents from rural communities in South Florida. Directed content analysis using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs was used to analyze the transcripts. All TPB constructs were identified as salient factors for HPV vaccination including background factors, attitudes towards the behavior, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, actual control, intention, and behavior. Addressing HPV vaccination by developing educational programs based on the TPB and tailored to meet the needs of Hispanic parents is urgently needed to prevent HPV among Hispanics in rural US communities. This approach can also serve as a directive to target HPV vaccination among Hispanics in other rural areas in the US. Pediatric nurses must proactively promote and recommend the HPV vaccine (HPVV), educate parents on having sex-related discussions with their children, include children in the HPVV education and decision, bundle the HPVV with other child vaccines, and utilize reminder systems to ensure completion of the vaccine series. • All Theory of Planned Behavior constructs were identified as salient for HPV vaccine uptake. • Only half of the Hispanic parents living in this rural community had heard of the HPV vaccine. • Hispanic mothers were the main decision-maker for their child's HPV vaccination. • Fear of side effects was the most common barrier to HPV vaccination. • Healthcare providers should have the HPV vaccine stocked at all times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation for surgery with the induction of general anesthesia is one of the most stressful events that a child can experience. It produces several threats to the child, including physical harm, parent separation, and fear of the unknown. Anesthesia providers utilize non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions to decrease this preoperatively. However, little is known about the non-pharmacological interventions utilized by anesthesia providers in practice. The purpose of this study was to explore non-pharmacological interventions utilized by anesthesia providers before and during the induction of general anesthesia to reduce preoperative distress in children ages one to six years old. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. Twenty anesthesia providers, fourteen registered nurse anesthetists and six anesthesiologists, participated in face to face, in-depth interviews in South Florida. Content analysis was used to identify and define the major themes that emerged from the interviews. A total of seven main themes were identified. Only the three themes directly related to parent-provider-child relationship are discussed in this paper: (I) Communication, (II) Observational Skills, and (III) Parental Presence. The anesthesia providers who participated in this study offered an opportunity to better understand the non-pharmacological interventions used to impact the management of preoperative distress among children. Study findings provide evidence about non-pharmacological anesthesia providers' clinical work not found elsewhere in the literature. Non-pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing preoperative distress in children. • Preparation for surgery with the induction of general anesthesia is a stressful event for a child • Providers can implement non-pharmacological interventions to address preoperative stress in children. • verbal and non-verbal communication techniques to be of most importance during critical times, such as a child's separation from the parents in the preoperative holding area or during induction of anesthesia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of selected facilitators, barriers, beliefs, and knowledge suggested by the literature to be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among heterosexual Hispanic women. Design: This study utilizes a cross‐sectional design to analyze secondary data from SEPA III: The Effectiveness Trial. SEPA stands for Salud, Educacion, Prevencion y Autocuidado, which translates to Health, Education, Prevention, and Self‐Care. The Social Cognitive Model (SCM) guided this study. Methods: Three hundred twenty heterosexual Hispanic women 18 to 50 years of age participated in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Findings: The most common facilitators for HIV testing were receiving recommendations from a healthcare provider (HCP) and the test is offered by an HCP rather than women asking for it. The most common barrier to testing was having no reason to believe they were infected. Most women believed a positive test result would encourage them to take better care of themselves. However, as much as 15% of women reported desires to kill or hurt themselves if they test positive. On the other hand, a negative result would make them assume their partners are negative and thus do not need to be tested. Significantly, explanatory variables related to HIV testing were knowledge and the HIV test is offered by an HCP instead of women asking for it. Conclusions: Strengthening HIV knowledge and offering HIV tests are significant contributions that nurses make to the health of Hispanic women. The SCM can be used to design programs to increase HIV testing among Hispanic women. Clinical Relevance: Nurses are encouraged to offer testing and provide culturally competent HIV prevention education to increase HIV testing among Hispanic women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to study the application of resin filling containing nanomaterials for the potential treatment of caries. Zinc nanoparticles (ZnO@NP, 50 nm) were chosen for their antimicrobial capacity against aerobic bacteria, and here, they have proved to be bactericidal against anaerobic bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, and Lactobacillus spp.). Potential mechanism of action is proposed based on microbiological assays and seems to be independent of oxidative stress because the nanoparticles are effective in microaerophilic conditions. The loading of nanoparticles on the demineralized dental surface and their infiltration power were significantly improved when ZnO@NP were carried by the resin. Overall, this material seems to have a high potential to become a one-step treatment for caries lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the impact of an image processing technique on diagnostic accuracy of digital panoramic radiographs for the assessment of anatomical structures in paediatric patients with mixed dentition. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 50 digital panoramic radiographs of children aged from 6 to 12 years, which were later on processed using a dedicated image processing method. A modified clinical image quality evaluation chart was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anatomical structures in maxillary and mandibular anterior and maxillary premolar region of processed images. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post-processed evaluation of anatomical structures (P<0.05) in the maxillary and mandibular anterior region. The anterior region was found to be more accurate in post-processed images. No significant difference was observed in the maxillary premolar region (P>0.05). The Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of both pre and post processed images were excellent (>0.82) for anterior region and good (>0.63) for premolar region. Conclusion: The application of image processing technique in digital panoramic radiography can be considered a reliable method for improving the quality of anatomical structures in paediatric patients with mixed dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Condom self-efficacy is an important construct for HIV/STI prevention and intervention. A psychometrically sound measure of the self-efficacy for using condoms that has been designed for Hispanic women to respond in Spanish or English is needed. Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a brief self-report measure of condom use self-efficacy. Methods: We developed a 15-item measure of condom use self-efficacy based on expert knowledge of measurement and HIV/STI prevention with Hispanic women using a translation-back translation approach. Participants were 320 Hispanic women from the Southeastern US. Results: Internal consistency of the full measure was 92. A short form of the instrument with a subset of five items also had acceptable internal consistency, alpha = .80, and was significantly correlated with the full scale,rs = .93,p < .001. A single latent factor explained 9–48% of the variation in these items. Evidence of construct validity of the short form was provided by correlations of the scale with two self-report measures of condom use:rs = .34** with condom use,rs = .37** with condom use during vaginal sex. Conclusions: Either the full measure or the five-item measure could be used in studies where condom use is an important behavioral outcome, such as evaluating prevention interventions, with Hispanic women. Future studies should examine the performance of this measure with other groups, including Hispanic men and members of other ethnic and language groups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a transcript of a panel discussion on "Social Justice Pedagogy and Academy-Community Collaboration" held at the Converge! Re-Imagining the Movement to End Gender Violence symposium hosted by the University of Miami in February 2014. Topics discussed the Coordinated Victim Assistance Center (CVAC) in Miami, Florida, effort of the U.S. Department of Justice's Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) to reduce violence and grant for the same.