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Rodenticides are biocidal products that are used in order to control rats and mice. This screening study aims at investigating whether chemical substances belonging to the group anticoagulant rodenticides can be detected in Swedish non-target biota, and to investigate if the levels are different compared with the results from a previous study. The levels of anticoagulant rodenticides detected in the present screening study are similar to those found in earlier studies in Sweden and elsewhere. The literature indicates that toxic effects can occur in birds at levels > 100 ng/g (liver) whereas the level > 200 ng/g has been proposed to be a threshold level in foxes. Some individuals of raptors (n =2) and several foxes (n = 7) exceed these levels in the present study. These data suggest that anticoagulant rodenticides that are transferred in the food web may cause secondary toxicity in non-target mammals and birds in Sweden. However, no pathology has been performed for the individuals of the present study that can confirm any concentration-effect relationship or reason for mortality.

Rodenticides are biocidal products that are used in order to control rats and mice. This screening study aims at investigating whether chemical substances belonging to the group anticoagulant rodenticides can be detected in Swedish non-target biota, and to investigate if the levels are different compared with the results from a previous study. The levels of anticoagulant rodenticides detected in the present screening study are similar to those found in earlier studies in Sweden and elsewhere. The literature indicates that toxic effects can occur in birds at levels > 100 ng/g (liver) whereas the level > 200 ng/g has been proposed to be a threshold level in foxes. Some individuals of raptors (n =2) and several foxes (n = 7) exceed these levels in the present study. These data suggest that anticoagulant rodenticides that are transferred in the food web may cause secondary toxicity in non-target mammals and birds in Sweden. However, no pathology has been performed for the individuals of the present study that can confirm any concentration-effect relationship or reason for mortality. Den här rapporten finns endast på engelska. Svensk sammanfattning finns i rapporten.

Due to the historical usage of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) which contained per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) at fire drills at Göteborg Landvetter Airport and Stockholm Arlanda Airport, elevated PFAS concentrations were found in surface waters and fish in the vicinity of these airports. As a result of these findings, Swedavia Swedish Airport and IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd IVL initiated the co-financed project Risks and Effects of the dispersion of PFAS on Aquatic, Terrestrial and Human Populations in the vicinity of international airports (RE-PATH) to study the long-term consequences of the releases of PFAS from firefighting training sites. Since the project start in 2009, about 700 samples have been collected and analysed for their PFAS content. Toxicity tests have been performed to investigate potential influence of PFAS on reproduction, immobility and hatching frequency. The sediment-water balance has been studied to elucidate whether the PFAS accumulated in sediments contributes substantially to the water concentrations. The bioaccumulation and depletion potential was studied in goldfish, zebrafish and in crayfish. Furthermore, the load of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to Lake Mälaren was estimated and compared to releases via other sources. A mass balance model was developed to investigate the distribution and the rate of decline of PFOS-levels in the environment around Stockholm Arlanda Airport. In this final report, the results from 2009 to 2014 are summarised. More details on methods and results are given in individual reports and publications (Woldegiorgis et al., 2010, Norström et al., 2011, Norström& Viktor, 2012, Norström et al., 2013, Ahrens et al., 2015). The main conclusions from the project are: Firefighting training sites are significant point sources contributing to the environmental contamination of PFAS in Sweden. Individual firefighting training sites contribute only by a small fraction of the total load of PFAS to the Swedish environment, but can locally cause elevated concentrations of PFOS in fish and water by up to a factor of 100, in comparison to reference areas. Den här rapporten finns endast på engelska. Svensk sammanfattning finns i rapporten. Due to the historical usage of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) which contained per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) at fire drills at Göteborg Landvetter Airport and Stockholm Arlanda Airport, elevated PFAS concentrations were found in surface waters and fish in the vicinity of these airports. As a result of these findings, Swedavia Swedish Airport and IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd IVL initiated the co-financed project Risks and Effects of the dispersion of PFAS on Aquatic, Terrestrial and Human Populations in the vicinity of international airports (RE-PATH) to study the long-term consequences of the releases of PFAS from firefighting training sites. Since the project start in 2009, about 700 samples have been collected and analysed for their PFAS content. Toxicity tests have been performed to investigate potential influence of PFAS on reproduction, immobility and hatching frequency. The sediment-water balance has been studied to elucidate whether the PFAS accumulated in sediments contributes substantially to the water concentrations. The bioaccumulation and depletion potential was studied in goldfish, zebrafish and in crayfish. Furthermore, the load of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to Lake Mälaren was estimated and compared to releases via other sources. A mass balance model was developed to investigate the distribution and the rate of decline of PFOS-levels in the environment around Stockholm Arlanda Airport. In this final report, the results from 2009 to 2014 are summarised. More details on methods and results are given in individual reports and publications (Woldegiorgis et al., 2010, Norström et al., 2011, Norström& Viktor, 2012, Norström et al., 2013, Ahrens et al., 2015). The main conclusions from the project are: Firefighting training sites are significant point sources contributing to the environmental contamination of PFAS in Sweden. Individual firefighting training sites contribute only by a small fraction of the total load of PFAS to the Swedish environment, but can locally cause elevated concentrations of PFOS in fish and water by up to a factor of 100, in comparison to reference areas. Den här rapporten finns endast på engelska. Svensk sammanfattning finns i rapporten. Study showing the impact of the spread of highly fluorinated substances at airports where it previously used fire extinguishing foam.

This report is only available in English.

IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av UV-filter i den svenska miljön. Solskyddsprodukter används för att skydda huden mot solbränna och hudcancer orsakad av solens ultravioletta strålning (UV-strålning). De aktiva substanserna i solskyddsprodukter är vanligtvis aromatiska föreningar med förmåga att absorbera UV-strålning och sedan frigöra energin i form av ofarlig lågenergetisk strålning.UV-filter kan emitteras till miljön via olika källor t ex. punktkällor och diffusa källor. Det övergripande målet med screeningundersökningen var att undersöka förekomsten och bestämma halterna av 13 utvalda UV-filter i olika miljöprover. Resultaten identifierar några olika emissionsvägar och hur stor spridning föreningarna har i den svenska miljön. En provtagningsstrategi i enlighet med detta togs fram. Vidare utvecklades en analysmetod anpassad för frågeställningen.Genom att solskyddsprodukter appliceras på huden anses de viktigaste emissionsvägarna för UV-filter vara tvättning, duschning och bad. Studien var därför inriktad på att undersöka diffusa källors betydelse i den urbana miljön. För att undersöka emissionen vid friluftsbad insamlades vattenprover från kommunala badplatser vid två tillfällen: före (tidig vår) och under badsäsong. Prover på sediment och fisk insamlades också i anslutning till badplatserna under badsäsongen.Eftersom UV-filter ingår i många hygien- och kosmetikprodukter och därför når avlopp vid tvätt och dusch togs prover på utgående vatten och slam från några kommunala avloppsreningsverk. Totalt ingick 52 prover i undersökningen fördelade på 24 ytvatten, 8 utgående vatten från reningsverk, 8 reningsverksslam, 7 sediment och 5 fiskprover.UV-filter påvisades frekvent i ytvatten, både i bakgrundssjöar och i den urbana miljön. Vattenprover från badplatser insamlade under badsäsongen innehöll 12 av 13 undersökta UV-filter och i sedimenten återfanns 10 av 13 föreningar. Fyra av UV-filtren påvisades också i fisk. UV-filter detekterades även före badsäsongen i ytvatten men halten och detektionsfrekvensen ökade markant under sommaren.UV-filtren påvisades frekvent i utgående avloppsvatten från reningsverk och i rötat slam från reningsprocessen. Alla undersökta föreningar påträffades i utgående vatten och i slam hittades 11 av 13 föreningar.Koncentrationen varierade mycket mellan de olika UV-filtren. Ytvatten från badplatser under sommaren innehöll generellt liknande halter UV-filter som utgående vatten från reningsverken. De högsta halterna av UV-filter påträffades i vatten från en badplats.Några av UV-filtren påvisades, om än i låga halter, även i ytvatten, sediment och fisk från tre undersökta bakgrundssjöar.Sammantaget tyder undersökningen på en utbredd förekomst av UV-filter i den svenska miljön. Viktiga emissionkällor har visat sig vara kommunala reningsverk och användandet av solskyddsprodukter vid bad.En jämförelse av uppmätta halter av UV-filter med QSAR-framtagna PNEC och befintliga experimentella ekotoxikologiska data visade att flera av de undersökta UV-filtren kan utgöra en potentiell miljörisk. SummaryAs an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL has performed a screening study concerning UV-filters. Sunscreen lotions are used to protect the skin against sunburn and skin cancer caused by the UV (ultra violet) radiation of sunlight. The active moieties in sunscreens (UVfilters) are usually aromatic compounds which absorb UV-radiation and release the energy as low energy rays. Surface water collected on bathing places in the summer contained 12 UV-filters out of 13 measured whereas in sediment 10 out of 13 were found. Four of the UV-filters were also found in fish samples. UV-filters were detected in surface water early in the spring (before swimming season) but the concentration and frequency clearly increased during the summer. All measured UV-filters were found in STP effluent water, and all but two in STP sludge. Comparisons of measured concentrations of UVfilters with QSAR derived PNECs and also available experimental ecotoxicity data indicate that several of the included UV-filters pose a potential environmental risk.

IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av UVfilter i den svenska miljön. Solskyddsprodukter används för att skydda huden mot solbränna och hudcancer orsakad av solens ultravioletta strålning (UV-strålning). De aktiva substanserna i solskyddsprodukter är vanligtvis aromatiska föreningar med förmåga att absorbera UV-strålning och sedan frigöra energin i form av ofarlig lågenergetisk strålning. UV-filter kan emitteras till miljön via olika källor t ex. punktkällor och diffusa källor. Det övergripande målet med screeningundersökningen var att undersöka förekomsten och bestämma halterna av 13 utvalda UV-filter i olika miljöprover. Resultaten identifierar några olika emissionsvägar och hur stor spridning föreningarna har i den svenska miljön. En provtagningsstrategi i enlighet med detta togs fram. Vidare utvecklades en analysmetod anpassad för frågeställningen. Genom att solskyddsprodukter appliceras på huden anses de viktigaste emissionsvägarna för UVfilter vara tvättning, duschning och bad. Studien var därför inriktad på att undersöka diffusa källors betydelse i den urbana miljön. För att undersöka emissionen vid friluftsbad insamlades vattenprover från kommunala badplatser vid två tillfällen: före (tidig vår) och under badsäsong. Prover på sediment och fisk insamlades också i anslutning till badplatserna under badsäsongen. Eftersom UV-filter ingår i många hygien- och kosmetikprodukter och därför når avlopp vid tvätt och dusch togs prover på utgående vatten och slam från några kommunala avloppsreningsverk. Totalt ingick 52 prover i undersökningen fördelade på 24 ytvatten, 8 utgående vatten från reningsverk, 8 reningsverksslam, 7 sediment och 5 fiskprover. UV-filter påvisades frekvent i ytvatten, både i bakgrundssjöar och i den urbana miljön. Vattenprover från badplatser insamlade under badsäsongen innehöll 12 av 13 undersökta UV-filter och i sedimenten återfanns 10 av 13 föreningar. Fyra av UV-filtren påvisades också i fisk. UV-filter detekterades även före badsäsongen i ytvatten men halten och detektionsfrekvensen ökade markant under sommaren. UV-filtren påvisades frekvent i utgående avloppsvatten från reningsverk och i rötat slam från reningsprocessen. Alla undersökta föreningar påträffades i utgående vatten och i slam hittades 11 av 13 föreningar. Koncentrationen varierade mycket mellan de olika UV-filtren. Ytvatten från badplatser under sommaren innehöll generellt liknande halter UV-filter som utgående vatten från reningsverken. De högsta halterna av UV-filter påträffades i vatten från en badplats. Några av UV-filtren påvisades, om än i låga halter, även i ytvatten, sediment och fisk från tre undersökta bakgrundssjöar. Sammantaget tyder undersökningen på en utbredd förekomst av UV-filter i den svenska miljön. Viktiga emissionkällor har visat sig vara kommunala reningsverk och användandet avsolskyddsprodukter vid bad. En jämförelse av uppmätta halter av UV-filter med QSAR-framtagna PNEC och befintliga experimentella ekotoxikologiska data visade att flera av de undersökta UV-filtren kan utgöra en potentiell miljörisk. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL has performed a screening study concerning UV-filters. Sunscreen lotions are used to protect the skin against sunburn and skin cancer caused by the UV (ultra violet) radiation of sunlight. The active moieties in sunscreens (UV-filters) are usually aromatic compounds which adsorb UV-radiation and release the energy as low energy rays. The overall objectives of the screening studies were to determine the concentrations of 13 UVfilters in a variety of media in the Swedish environment, to highlight important transport pathways, and to assess the possibility of current emissions in Sweden. A sampling strategy was developed in accordance with these objectives. 52 samples were collected, distributed on 24 surface waters, 8 WWTP-effluents, 8 sludge, 7 sediments and 5 fish. A suitable analytical method for the different samples was developed. Emissions of UV filters are believed to arise primarily from losses due to washing and bathing. The programme was focused on diffuse sources in an urban environment. In order to investigate the losses of UV-filters during bathing, surface water, sediment and fish samples from bathing places were collected. The sampling was performed in periods outside and during the bathing season. Due to possible release of the chemicals from personal care products, sewage treatment plants (STPs) were identified as potential sources. Effluent water and sludge from municipal STPs were included in the sampling program. In general, UV-filters were regularly found in the Swedish water environment, both in background areas and in an urban environment. Surface water collected at bathing places during the summer contained 12 of the 13 investigated UV-filters whereas in sediment 10 out of 13 were found. Four of the UV-filters were also found in fish samples. UV-filters were detected in surface water early in the spring (before swimming season) but the concentration and frequency clearly increased during the summer. All measured UV-filters were found in STP effluent water, and all but two in STP sludge. There was a great variation in the concentrations among the different UV-filters. Measured concentrations in surface water from bathing places during summer were generally in the same range as in effluent water. The highest measured concentrations of several of the UV-filters were found in surface water samples collected from bathing places. Some of the UV-filters were also detected in surface water, sediment and fish samples from three background lakes but in lower concentrations. This indicates the widespread occurrence of UVfilters in Swedish surface waters. Comparisons of measured concentrations of UV-filters with QSAR derived PNECs and also available experimental ecotoxicity data indicate that several of the included UV-filters pose a potential environmental risk.

IVL has performed a follow-up study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs on commission fromthe Swedish EPA. In the first project was sewage water and sludge investigated. This investigation wasfocused on the occurrence of these drugs in surface water, sediment and fish in a watercourseinfluenced by the local WWTP. For this purpose was an analytical method developed capable toconcentrate, separate and detect free and conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs.Eight pharmaceutical drugs were analysed: paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, ibuprofen,naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and two metabolites of ibuprofen.Conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at low concentrations (< 1 % of total) in influentand effluent. In the water and sediment samples were all the analysed drugs detected but at somewhatdifferent pattern than in the sewage water. The anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol were notdetected in fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP discharge point.

IVL has performed a follow-up study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs on commission from the Swedish EPA. In the first project was sewage water and sludge investigated. This investigation was focused on the occurrence of these drugs in surface water, sediment and fish in a watercourse influenced by the local WWTP. For this purpose was an analytical method developed capable to concentrate, separate and detect free and conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs. Eight pharmaceutical drugs were analysed: paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and two metabolites of ibuprofen. Conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at low concentrations (< 1 % of total) in influent and effluent. In the water and sediment samples were all the analysed drugs detected but at somewhat different pattern than in the sewage water. The anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol were not detected in fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP discharge point. IVL has performed a follow-up study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs on commission from the Swedish EPA. In the first project was sewage water and sludge investigated. This investigation was focused on the occurrence of these drugs in surface water, sediment and fish in a watercourse influenced by the local WWTP. For this purpose was an analytical method developed capable to concentrate, separate and detect free and conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs. Eight pharmaceutical drugs were analysed: paracetamol, acetyl salicylic acid, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and two metabolites of ibuprofen. Conjugated anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at low concentrations (< 1 % of total) in influent and effluent. In the water and sediment samples were all the analysed drugs detected but at somewhat different pattern than in the sewage water. The anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol were not detected in fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP discharge point.

Amines are important chemicals that are being used in a vast number of chemical processes. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, a screening study of a selected number of amines has been performed. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of amines in a variety of media in the Swedish environment. Amines are important chemicals that are being used in a vast number of chemical processes. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, a screening study of a selected number of amines has been performed. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of amines in a variety of media in the Swedish environment.

IVL har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en screening av sötningsmedlet sukralos. Sukralos är en disackarid, som modifierats i tre positioner med klor. Ämnet är ca 600 gånger sötare än sackaros och används efter tillstånd i USA och Europaunionen, m.fl. länder som tillsats i livsmedel. Ämnet är lättlösligt i vatten och vid intag utsöndras minst 95 % i oförändrad form. Ingen ackumulering i organismen är känd och nedbrytning eller omvandling har endast påvisats i vattenmiljö under inverkan av mikroorganismer. Tre primära klorinnehållande omvandlingspordukter har påvisats. De studier i djurförsök som legat till grund för tillståndsgivningen har visat mycket små effekter. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna översiktliga kartläggning var att bestämma koncentrationer av sukralos i några olika matriser i miljön, framförallt för att belysa viktiga transportvägar i vattenmiljön i Sverige. Totalt bestämdes sukralos i 57 prover. Studien visar att; • Sucralose detekteras i vattenrecipienter i Sverige som tar emot utgående vatten ifrån reningsverk. • Inkommande vatten till svenska avloppsreningsverk (2 ARV) innehåller 3 500-7 900 ng sukralos/l. • Reningsgraden m a p. sukralos är låg i reningsverk, maximalt uppmättes 10 % reningsgrad i de parade prover som analyserats (inkommande/utgående). • Sukralos detekterades i alla de 29 utgående reningsverksvattenproverna ifrån 25 olika reningsverk i landet; 1 800-10 800 ng/l, median 4 900 ng/l. • Det sker ingen ackumulation av sukralos i slam. Denna rapport utgör den första delen av en fördjupad screening av sukralos i den svenska miljön. I en fortsättande, kommande rapport kommer resultat ifrån undersökningar av sukralosupptag i akvatiska biotaprover att redovisas.

IVL has performed a 'screening study' of sucralose on commission from the Swedish EPA, reported in two consecutive parts. Sucralose is a chlorine containing derivative of sucrose, manufactured by selectively substituting three hydroxyls with chlorine. The substance is used as a sweetener in food products; on a weight basis it tastes ca. 600 times sweeter than the parent compound. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of sucralose in media in the Swedish environment such as biota, wastewater effluents and to highlight important transport pathways. In total 84 samples were analysed. This report constitutes part 2 of the study. IVL has performed a 'screening study' of sucralose on commission from the Swedish EPA, reported in two consecutive parts. Sucralose is a chlorine containing derivative of sucrose, manufactured by selectively substituting three hydroxyls with chlorine. The substance is used as a sweetener in food products; on a weight basis it tastes ca. 600 times sweeter than the parent compound. The objectives of the study were to determine the concentrations of sucralose in media in the Swedish environment such as biota, wastewater effluents and to highlight important transport pathways. In total 84 samples were analysed. This report constitutes part 2 of the study.

The Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. (IVL) and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) have performed a "screening study" of silver during 2007 as an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Silver is a precious noble metal long used as jewellery, for ornament and as a coin metal. Silver may appear as solid waste from applications in electronic industry, in batteries, mirror glass etc. However, it is mainly the uses in photographic applications and as antiseptic for medical purposes and in consumer products, that are of environmental concern. While the use in photography will decrease due to the development of digital cameras, the use as antimicrobial agent in consumer products may increase. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of silver in some compartments of the Swedish environment, focusing on the release into the aquatic environment. The program included measurements in background areas and close to potential point sources and areas affected by diffuse sources. Sample types included untreated and treated municipal sewage wastewaters, landfill leakage waters, sludge, and surface water samples. In addition, samples of fish muscle were analysed. This report is only available in English.

The sediments in the northern Södertälje channel are highly polluted with mercury (Hg). Although point source emissions stopped during the mid 1960ies, considerable amounts of Hg are still present in the upper sediments. Because Hg is inherently toxic and may biomagnify, these sediments compose a potential hazard to the local ecosystem. There is also a risk that Hg is transported downstream into the Baltic coast. This report provides a risk assessment based on all pertinent data from the region. The report is intended to provide a basis for discussing whether remediation should be considered or not. The ultimate goal is to identify whether Hg is causing adverse biological effects and, if this is the case, to suggest how exposure of Hg to biota can be limited. In such cases the exposure pathway must be identified. The major overall conclusions of this risk assessment are: Sedimentary mercury in Snäckviken causes no significant ecological impact in situ. Dredging in the area leads to elevated risk in the short term. Intensified vessel traffic may bring about a permanently elevated risk. The sediments in the northern Södertälje channel are highly polluted with mercury (Hg). Although point source emissions stopped during the mid 1960ies, considerable amounts of Hg are still present in the upper sediments. Because Hg is inherently toxic and may biomagnify, these sediments compose a potential hazard to the local ecosystem. There is also a risk that Hg is transported downstream into the Baltic coast. This report provides a risk assessment based on all pertinent data from the region. The report is intended to provide a basis for discussing whether remediation should be considered or not. The ultimate goal is to identify whether Hg is causing adverse biological effects and, if this is the case, to suggest how exposure of Hg to biota can be limited. In such cases the exposure pathway must be identified. The major overall conclusions of this risk assessment are: Sedimentary mercury in Snäckviken causes no significant ecological impact in situ. Dredging in the area leads to elevated risk in the short term. Intensified vessel traffic may bring about a permanently elevated risk.

The hatchability and survival of eggs from Moorfrog (Rana arvalis) and condition and growth of hatched larvae were examined in presence of various concentrations of di-2-ethylhexyl phtalate (DEHP) in the sediment. Two types of sediment have been used in the biological assay. Fine sediment comprising mostly degraded organic material and a coarse type consisting of higher degree at two temperatures 10 and S°C. Each test series consisted of three different concentrations of spiked sediments, 1000, 300 and 100 mg DEHP/k:g dw together with solvent (acetone) control and control. Five replicants were examined for each of the different treatments. Exposure to DEHP conducted at 1ooc showed no significant effect on the hatching frequency and median hatching time for all tested concentrations, compared to the control groups. soc, except that the lower temperature gave a significant decrease in hatching frequency for all tested concentrations compared to the 10°C series. The lower hatchability at the lower temperature indicated that an unnaturally high stress factor was added to the experiments when exposure was conducted at the lower temperature. Larval mortality was less than 2 percent, in all tested concentrations and was not correlated to the temperature. There was no significant difference in mortality among the various treatments. The visual morphological deformities were also low in all tested concentrations and no significant difference could be established. Growth measurements showed no significant difference between the sediment types or a dose related difference within the 10°C and S°C experiments. Parallel to DEHP, an identical experiment with diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was performed in the same manner at 10°C. Exposure to DINP showed no significant effect on the hatching frequency and median hatching time for all tested concentrations, compared to the control groups. There was no significant difference in mortality and growth among the various treatments. Visual morphological deformities were also low in the controls as well as in all tested concentrations and no significant difference could be established. This report is only available in English.

Larsson and Thurén (1987) studied the influence of DEHP on hatching of the moorfrog (Rana arvalis). Eggs from the moorfrog were exposed to sediment contamined with DEHP in a laboratory model systems. Hatching success was decreased when the eggs were exposed to DEHP contamined sediments. Larsson and Thurén (1987) studied the influence of DEHP on hatching of the moorfrog (Rana arvalis). Eggs from the moorfrog were exposed to sediment contamined with DEHP in a laboratory model systems. Hatching success was decreased when the eggs were exposed to DEHP contamined sediments.