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Emerging research points to high rates of major psychiatric disorders and chronic medical conditions among autistic adults. However, the unique healthcare needs of autistic adults are often overlooked, perhaps due to limitations in population-level surveillance and widespread public misconceptions about autism in adulthood. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this prevalence of poor health outcomes in autistic adults requires an exploration into the lived experiences of autistic adults across their lifespans. This study uses a qualitative approach to investigate the healthcare experiences of autistic adults. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 autistic adults in the United States, ranging in age from 18 to 56 years, seven of whom identified as nonbinary or gender non-conforming. We asked autistic adults about how they manage their health and interact with healthcare systems. Through thematic analysis of the data, barriers to receipt of quality care for autistic adults were identified. Results were then conceptualized through the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model of work system and patient safety. Through this model, this study describes the interactions between autistic adults and their healthcare systems, pointing to specific areas for improvement and intervention. Overall, findings advocate for a system-level approach to improving health outcomes of autistic adults.

Enhancing language literacy is one of the most prioritized learning targets of the K-12 curriculum in the Philippines. Several language acquisition, learning, teaching and assessing principles to which the present Language Arts and Multiliteracies Curriculum (LAMC) is anchored on, are consistently improved to forward maximum and effective instructional efforts in enhancing learners' communicative competence and multiliteracies. At the elementary level, teachers apply innovative pedagogical strategies to develop learners' macro skills which are relevant to have a meaningful interaction with others in a multicultural society. However, this language literacy enhancement is considered as a challenging task for the Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) teachers due to several constraints that may have influenced the indigenous learners' language learning competence. Using the qualitative-case study research design, the responses of the selected IPEd teachers from the semistructured interviews were examined. The thematic analysis was utilized to determine the challenges encountered in teaching language literacy among indigenous learners in Agusan Del Sur, Philippines. On the other hand, the Provus Discrepancy model was used to determine the gaps between the current language literacy performance and outcomes and the language teaching standards enshrined in LAMC. The results showed that IPEd teachers commonly struggled with enhancing learners' viewing skills and digital literacy, developing reading comprehension, improving writing skills, contextualizing lessons, following spiral progression in language, and teaching orthography and grammar. Moreover, the results showed that these encountered struggles became more complicated due to the gaps in language learning standards, instructional learning support, learners' literacy and readiness level, and teachers' competence and strategies used. [The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year is 2023.]

Purpose: Although California school discipline policy changes over the past decade have resulted in significant drops in suspension rates, scholars have found that racial disproportionality in punitive discipline persists for Black, Indigenous, and at times Latinx students. This study utilizes racial capitalism as an analytical framework to examine the mechanisms and justifications for racially disproportionate discipline across three distinct California political economies. Research Methods/Approach: Drawing on a subset of qualitative comparative case study data of five schools taken from a larger 5-year study of 31 schools in 17 California districts with distinct racial and economic composition, we investigate the phenomena of Black, Indigenous, and Latinx student disposability--those who continue to experience exclusion in a time of progressive school discipline reform. Findings: We find that (1) student disposability through discipline was not only intertwined with dominant local narratives about racial groups but also tied to a larger system of racial capitalism reliant on the racialized differentiation of students within every geographical location, and (2) when progressive alternative approaches to discipline fail, these reforms uncover rooted antiblackness, anti-indigeneity, and a gang imaginary such that students who fail or refuse to assimilate to the underlying labor-sorting function of US schools are considered disposable. Implications: Our findings highlight the need to center and elevate disposable youth brilliance in decision making, the importance of building collective movements against racial capitalism's grip on schools, and the obligation to build education beyond racial capitalism.

Abstract The ability of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) to track disease activity and treatment response in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) or Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) remains unclear. Here, we assessed whether 18F-FDG uptake is a marker of disease activity and treatment response in AS or PsA, and explored the ability of 18F-FDG to predict treatment response. Patients with AS (n = 16) or PsA (n = 8) who were scheduled to initiate treatment with biologics were recruited. Participants underwent a clinical evaluation and an 18F-FDG scan prior to therapy initiation. Eleven participants underwent a follow-up 18F-FDG scan 3 months post-treatment. Images were quantified using a composite measure that describes the inflammatory status of the patient. Clinically involved joints/entheses had higher 18F-FDG uptake compared to unaffected areas (median difference > 0.6, p 8.5, p

Abstract Macroalgae are vital reservoirs for essential epibiotic microorganisms. Among these are growth-promoting bacteria that support the growth and healthy development of their host macroalgae, and these macroalgae can be utilized in agriculture as biostimulants, offering an alternative to traditional agrochemicals. However, to date, no comparative studies have been conducted on the functional profile and bacterial diversity associated with coastal macroalgae of Peru. In this study, we employed amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene in twelve host macroalgae collected from two rocky shores in central Peru to compare their bacterial communities. The results revealed high bacterial diversity across both sites, but differences in microbial composition were noted. The phyla Bacteroidota and Pseudomonadota were predominant. The functional prediction highlighted 44 significant metabolic pathways associated with the bacterial microbiota when comparing host macroalgae. These active pathways are related to metabolism and genetic and cellular information processing. No direct association was detected between the macroalgal genera and the associated microbiota, suggesting that the bacterial community is largely influenced by their genetic functions than the taxonomic composition of their hosts. Furthermore, some species of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta were observed to host growth-promoting bacteria, such as Maribacter sp. and Sulfitobacter sp.

Abstract Introduction Although obesity substantially influences public health owing to related comorbidities, it has been discovered that the incidence of such issues is not directly related to obesity but to the patient’s unhealthy metabolic status (MUS) independent of the body mass index (BMI). Objectives To describe the prevalence of UMS overall and according to BMI and determine the factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was used based on the analysis of secondary databases called the Life Stage Nutritional Surveillance Survey (VIANEV). Participants were selected in two stages, finally obtaining 885 participants. UMS was defined based on the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III used to define metabolic status in a set of 5 parameters, if the subject presented two or more alterations it was considered UMS. Six groups were formed according to BMI: metabolically healthy, average weight (MHNW) and unhealthy (MUNW), metabolically healthy, overweight (MHOW) and unhealthy (MUOW), metabolically healthy, obese (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO).). Results The total prevalence of UMS was 73.11%, with MUNW, MUOW, and MUO being 47.90%, 80.34%, and 96.44%, respectively. Only 5.31% did not present any metabolic alteration. The multivariable analysis found variations globally according to sex, age, marital status, geographical region, smoking habit, and altitude. Conclusions A high prevalence of UMS was observed in Peru, indicating that BMI alone is not a sufficient indicator of metabolic status. These findings suggest that strategies should be prioritized to address the growing problem of UMS, considering the particularities of each subpopulation and using a multifaceted approach that addresses modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) can be invaluable for students, but implementing them across a university requires substantial faculty support. This case study explores the incorporation of CURE elements (discovery, iteration, scientific practices, broad scientific relevance, and collaboration) into the design of a faculty professional learning program intended to support CURE implementation. The findings suggest that incorporating CURE elements into a CURE Faculty Fellows Program can support the simultaneous development and successful implementation of scaffolded CUREs across multiple university departments. This program had an additional, unexpected benefit: it created opportunities for faculty from many disciplines to engage in educational research, augmenting their research and publishing agendas. This article summarizes the program, presents findings, and discusses implications for practitioners and researchers interested in pedagogical reform.

Heritage bridges constitute an integral feature of the urban landscape in numerous cities. However, it is common for these structures to surpass their life cycle, rendering them ill-equipped to withstand the dynamic demands of users and extreme events, particularly hydrological occurrences. This research presents a methodology for the assessment of heritage riverine bridges, with a focus on the Grau Bridge in Peru as a case study. The investigation commences with an exhaustive literature review, complemented by a historical examination, followed by a preliminary diagnosis. Subsequently, hydrological and hydraulic studies are presented, encompassing drone surveys of the riverbed and the bridge, soil analyses, and the application of 1D and 2D models in HEC-RAS. The outcomes of this comprehensive analysis reveal the high vulnerability of the Grau Bridge. Finally, strategic interventions for its conservation are recommended.

El estudio se enfoca en el desarrollo de un micro generador hidroeléctrico mediante el empleo de una turbina de flujo cruzado de admisión inferior que aprovecha el potencial hidráulico de los canales de riego. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa y experimental, y se basa en un diagrama de flujo que describe las etapas desde la creación hasta la implementación del prototipo. Se tomaron en cuenta variables como la altura y el caudal del agua, así como las dimensiones del canal de riego, las cuales no podían modificarse debido a las actividades agrícolas que se llevan a cabo en el lugar. Los resultados obtenidos de la implementación en campo del prototipo diseñado demuestran que el generador tiene la capacidad de alcanzar un valor de potencia de 93 W con un porcentaje de eficiencia del 11.3% el mismo que produce energía de manera sostenible en áreas remotas. En conclusión, el estudio resalta la necesidad de explorar nuevas fuentes de energía renovales y sostenibles en respuesta a la crisis energética actual que afecta a la sociedad; se enfatiza la imprescindibilidad por adoptar alternativas energéticas más limpias que limite la dependencia por los recursos no renovables a la par de controlar los efectos negativos del cambio climático.

Abstract Background Intrauterine fetal demise is a recognized complication of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women and is associated with histopathological placental lesions. The pathological mechanism and virus-induced immune response in the placenta are not fully understood. A detailed description of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced inflammation in the placenta during fetal demise is crucial for improved clinical management. Case presentation We report the case of a 27-week gestation SARS-CoV-2-asymptomatic unvaccinated pregnant woman without comorbidities or other risk factors for negative pregnancy outcomes with a diagnosis of intrauterine fetal demise. Histopathological findings corresponded to patterns of subacute inflammation throughout the anatomic compartments of the placenta, showing severe chorioamnionitis, chronic villitis and deciduitis, accompanied by maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion. Our immunohistochemistry results revealed infiltration of CD68+ macrophages, CD56+ Natural Killer cells and scarce CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocytes at the site of placental inflammation, with the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid located in stromal cells of the chorion and chorionic villi, and in decidual cells. Conclusion This case describes novel histopathological lesions of inflammation with infiltration of plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells associated with malperfusion in the placenta of a SARS-CoV-2-infected asymptomatic woman with intrauterine fetal demise. A better understanding of the inflammatory effects exerted by SARS-CoV-2 in the placenta will enable strategies for better clinical management of pregnant women unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 to avoid fatal fetal outcomes during future transmission waves.

Cuticular waxes coating leaf surfaces can help plants tolerate drought events by reducing non-stomatal water loss. Despite their role in drought tolerance, little is known about how cuticular wax composition has changed during breeding in Canadian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. To fill in this gap, flag leaves of the Canadian Heritage Bread Wheat Panel, which include 30 varieties released between 1842 and 2018, were surveyed to determine if and how cuticular wax composition in wheat has changed at two breeding ecozones over this period. Following this, a subset of varieties was subjected to drought conditions to compare their responses. As expected, modern varieties outperformed old varieties with a significantly larger head length and reaching maturity earlier. Yet, when challenged with drought, old varieties were able to significantly increase the accumulation of β-diketones to a higher extent than modern varieties. Furthermore, RNAseq was performed on the flag leaf of four modern varieties to identify potential markers that could be used for selection of higher accumulation of cuticular waxes. This analysis revealed that the W1 locus is a good candidate for selecting higher accumulation of β-diketones. These findings indicate that the variation in cuticular waxes upon drought could be further incorporated in breeding of future bread wheat varieties.

ABSTRACT The rapidly developing field of oncolytic virus (OV) therapy necessitates the development of new and improved analytical approaches for the characterization of the virus during production and development. Accurate monitoring and absolute quantification of viral proteins are crucial for OV product characterization and can facilitate the understanding of infection, immunogenicity, and development stages of viral replication. Targeted mass spectrometry methods like multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) offer a robust way to directly detect and quantify specific targeted proteins represented by surrogate peptides. We have leveraged the power of MRM by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a Sciex 6500 triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer to develop an assay that accurately and absolutely quantifies the structural proteins of a pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) intended for use as a new biotherapeutic (designated hereafter as VSV-GP to differentiate it from native VSV). The new UPLC-MRM method provides absolute quantification with the use of heavy-labeled reference standard surrogate peptides. When added in known exact amounts to standards and samples, the reference standards normalize and account for any small perturbations during sample preparation and/or instrument performance, resulting in accurate and precise quantification. Because of the multiplexed nature of MRM, all targeted proteins are quantified at the same time. The optimized assay has been enhanced to quantify the ratios of the processed GP1 and GP2 proteins while simultaneously measuring any remaining or unprocessed form of the envelope protein GP complex (GPC; full-length GPC).IMPORTANCEThe development of oncolytic viral therapy has gained considerable momentum in recent years. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-GP) is a new biotherapeutic emerging in the oncolytic viral therapy platform. Novel analytical assays that can accurately and precisely quantify the viral proteins are a necessity for the successful development of viral vector as a biotherapeutic. We developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring-based assay to quantify the absolute concentrations of the different structural proteins of VSV-GP. The complete processing of GP complex (GPC) is a prerequisite for the infectivity of the virus. The assay extends the potential for quantifying full-length GPC, which provides an understanding of the processing of GPC (along with the quantification of GP1 and GP2 separately). We used this assay in tracking GPC processing in HEK-293-F production cell lines infected with VSV-GP.

This study analyzed the effect of ascending pyramid (AP), constant load (CL), and descending pyramid (DP) training on repetition performance, training volume, barbell velocity, mechanical fatigue, and perceptual measurements during bench press exercise. Eighteen well-trained young males (18-40 years) performed AP, CL, and DP in a randomized order. Subjects were ranked according to relative strength ratio (Bench press 1-RM ÷ body mass) and the total sample of 18 males was divided into two groups: group 1 (G1), n = 9, RSR = 1.20-1.56; group 2 (G2), n = 9, RSR = 0.75-1.16. Volume (5 sets), relative intensity (65-85% 1-RM), set end point (25% velocity loss (VL)), and rest intervals (5 min) were matched between conditions. Relative intensity did not change during CL (75% 1-RM), while sets were performed from light-to-heavy during AP (65-70-75-80-85% 1-RM), and heavy-to-light during DP (85-80-75-70-65% 1-RM). Repetition performance, total volume load (TVL), mean and peak velocity, VL, and ratings of perceived exertion (set-RPE) were measured during each session while affect, discomfort, enjoyment, and session-RPE were measured after each session. Mean and peak velocity with 45% 1-RM were assessed before, 5-min after, and 10-min after each session. Data indicated that peak velocity and set-RPE were significantly lower during DP (p ≤ 0.05) while no differences were detected between AP and CL. Session x set interactions (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for repetition performance, mean velocity, peak velocity, VL, and set-RPE, but differences were likely influenced by fluctuating relative intensities during AP and DP. Data also revealed that lifters from G2 executed their repetitions with greater mean and peak velocities than G1 (p ≤ 0.05), suggesting that relative strength influences barbell velocity. In conclusion, AP, CL, and DP are viable options for training sessions, but the latter may negatively affect peak velocity.

Los tratados diplomáticos fueron los principales instrumentos de los que disponía la diplomacia bajomedieval para moldear las reglas de juego en los períodos de paz entre dos soberanos. Pretendemos dilucidar hasta qué punto estos tratados en el contexto ibérico tuvieron la fuerza suficiente para ser relevantes en el juego político, y si podemos hablar de la existencia de un derecho de tratados y, en última instancia, de un derecho internacional público. Con el análisis de los tratados y de otras fuentes complementarias hemos observado un horizonte en el que existía una regulación de facto en la que se contemplaban aspectos como la vigencia, la observancia, la confirmación, la renegociación y la cuestión de la legitimidad de una ruptura.

Resumen: Objetivo: Descripción y análisis de la relación entre las fracturas de húmero proximal y la lesión traumática del nervio axilar circunflejo. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de una serie de casos consecutivos de fracturas de extremo proximal de húmero. Se realizó valoración radiográfica, clasificando las fracturas según el sistema AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen, Asociación de Grupo de Trabajo para el Estudio de la Fijación Interna de las Fracturas), y electromiografía (EMG) para la evaluación de la lesión del nervio axilar. Resultados: De 105 casos consecutivos de fracturas de húmero proximal, 31 pacientes cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Muestra: 86% mujeres y 14% hombres con edad media de 71,8 años (30-96 años). De los pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 58% presentó una EMG normal o leve axonotmesis, 23% presentó neuropatía del nervio axilar sin denervación muscular y 19%, lesión con denervación del nervio axilar. Los pacientes que sufrieron fracturas complejas de húmero proximal (AO11B y AO11C) tuvieron más riesgo de presentar lesiones tipo neuropatía axilar con denervación muscular en la EMG, siendo esta relación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes que sufren fracturas complejas de húmero proximal (AO11B y AO11C) tienen más riesgo de presentar lesiones tipo neuropatía axilar con denervación muscular en la EMG (p < 0,001). Abstract: Objective: Description and analysis of the relation between the proximal humerus fracture patterns and the traumatic injury of the axillary nerve. Material and method: Prospective, observational study of a consecutive case series that analyzed proximal humerus fractures. Radiographic evaluation was performed, and AO (Arbeitsgemeinshaft für Osteosynsthesefragen) system was used to classify the fractures. Electromyography was used to diagnose the axillary nerve injury. Results: Thirty-one patients on 105 who had a proximal humerus fracture met inclusion criteria. Eighty-six percent of the patients included were women and 14% men. The mean age was 71.8 years (30–96 years). Of the patients included in the study, 58% had normal or mild axonotmesis EMG, 23% had axillary nerve neuropathy without muscle denervation and 19% had injury with axillary nerve denervation. Patients who suffered complex fractures of the proximal humerus (AO11B and AO11C) had a higher risk of presenting axillary neuropathy type lesions with muscle denervation in the EMG, this relationship being statistically significant (p

Introduction: Theory of mind (ToM) is the human ability to perceive, interpret, and attribute the mental states of other people, and the alteration of this cognitive function is a core symptom of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In such other neurodevelopmental disorders as childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) that can present with cognitive dysfunctions, ToM has been less extensively studied, especially in the young population. The aim of the study was to compare advanced ToM between groups of young people diagnosed with OCD, TS, or ASD and a control group. Methods: Clinical interviews were conducted with male patients aged between 11 and 17 years with a main diagnosis of OCD (n = 19), TS (n = 14), or ASD (n = 18), and a control group (n = 20). We administered instruments for estimating intelligence quotient and severity of psychiatric symptoms, and tasks to evaluate ToM (the ''Stories from everyday life'' task and the ''Reading the mind in the eyes” test). Results: Young people with TS and with ASD present similar difficulties in solving advanced ToM tasks, whereas patients with childhood-onset OCD present similar results to controls. Conclusions: ToM is altered in other neurodevelopmental disorders beyond ASD, such as TS. Resumen: Introducción: La Teoría de la Mente (ToM) es la capacidad humana de percibir, interpretar y atribuir los estados mentales de las otras personas y la alteración de esta función cognitiva es un síntoma nuclear del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Hay otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo como el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo de inicio en la infancia (TOC) y el Síndrome de Tourette (ST), que pueden presentarse con disfunciones cognitivas, y en los que la ToM ha sido menos estudiada, especialmente en población juvenil. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la ToM avanzada entre grupos de jóvenes con diagnóstico de TOC, ST o TEA y un grupo de controles sanos. Métodos: Se entrevistaron clínicamente a varones de entre 11 y 17 años con diagnóstico principal de TOC (n = 19), ST (n = 14), TEA (n = 18), y un grupo control de sujetos sanos (n = 20). Se les administraron instrumentos de estimación de cociente intelectual, severidad de los síntomas psiquiátricos, y las pruebas para evaluar la ToM: la tarea Historias de la Vida Cotidiana y el Test de la Mirada. Resultados: Los jóvenes con ST presentan dificultades similares para resolver tareas de ToM avanzada al nivel de los pacientes con TEA, a diferencia de los pacientes con TOC de inicio en la infancia que presentan resultados similares a los controles sanos. Conclusiones: La ToM está alterada en otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo más allá del TEA, como en el ST.

The textile industry represents one of the greatest threats to the environment. It is the second most polluting industry, generating hazards with its solid waste, gas emissions, water pollution, among others. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of the implementation of the Lean Green methodology within the textile industry to optimize the sustainable performance of the companies and to address the problems of the sector mentioned above. The case study selected was the dyeing area of a Peruvian textile company where the Lean Green methodology was implemented in a sequential design of six phases to then evaluate its effects on sustainable performance. The findings show that the implementation of the proposed model improves water consumption by 18% and electricity consumption by 43%, which has a positive economic impact. Not only in the environmental area, there is also a 120% increase in productivity. The value of this proposal lies in the fact that it can be replicated in other companies in the sector, both locally and regionally. It was also proposed to include the operational criterion in the measurement of sustainable performance for a better dimensioning of the improvement.

Marine mammals play a critical role as sentinels for tracking the spread of zoonotic diseases, with viruses being the primary causative factor behind infectious disease induced mortality events. A systematic review was conducted to document marine mammal mortality events attributed to zoonotic viral infections in published literature across the globe. This rigorous search strategy yielded 2883 studies with 88 meeting inclusion criteria. The studies spanned from 1989 to 2023, with a peak in publications observed in 2020. Most of the included studies were retrospective, providing valuable insights into historical trends. The United States (U.S.) reported the highest number of mortality events followed by Spain, Italy, Brazil and the United Kingdom. Harbor seals were the most impacted species, particularly in regions like Anholt, Denmark and the New England Coast, U.S. Analysis revealed six main viruses responsible for mortality events, with Morbillivirus causing the highest proportion of deaths. Notably, the occurrence of these viral events varied geographically, with distinct patterns observed in different regions. Immunohistochemistry emerged as the most employed detection method. This study underscores the importance of global surveillance efforts in understanding and mitigating the impact of viral infections on marine mammal populations, thereby emphasizing the necessity of collaborative One Health approaches to address emerging threats at the human-animal-environment interface. Additionally, the potential transfer of zoonotic viruses to aquatic organisms used in food production, such as fish and shellfish, highlights the broader implications for food safety, food security and public health.

The disadvantaged position in which underrepresented faculty in medicine often find themselves is characteristic of not only our current society but also tradition and elitism in academic medicine. This study analyzed the experiences of Latino/a/x faculty in academic medicine and examined the messages that perpetuate racist nativist attitudes in academia. The analysis employed qualitative content textual analysis to examine interview transcripts with Latino/a/x faculty. The approach is grounded on racist nativism as the foundation for analysis, expanding its theoretical reach to academic medicine. Findings revealed experiences of racism, discrimination and microaggressions, as well as the role of perceived accents as exclusionary identifiers, and provided insights into its effect on academic credibility. The exodus of Latino/a/x faculty and administrators from traditionally White institutions is thought to be multifactorial, including poor institutional climates and instances of racism. This article demonstrates how racism challenges the credibility of Latino/a/x faculty.

Abstract Diverse patterns of climate and edaphic factors challenge detection of soil property change in the US Great Plains. Because detectable soil change can take decades, insights into the trajectory of soil properties frequently require long‐term site monitoring and, where available, associated soil archives to enable comparisons with initial or baseline states. Unfortunately, few multi‐decadal soil change investigations have been conducted in this region. Here, we document effects of dryland cropping on a suite of soil properties by comparing matched historic (1947) and contemporary (2018) soil samples from the Haas Soil Archive at three sites in the US Great Plains: Moccasin, MT, Akron, CO, and Big Spring, TX. Current analytical methods were used to provide insight into changes in soil texture, pH, carbon, and micronutrients at 0‐ to 15.2‐cm and 15.2‐ to 30.5‐cm depths. Changes in direction and magnitude of soil properties over 71 years were site specific. Changes in textural class occurred at all sites, with Moccasin and Akron transitioning from loam to clay loam and Big Spring from sandy clay loam to sandy loam. The soil pH reaction class changed from slightly alkaline to moderately acid at Akron and slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline at Big Spring. At 0–15.2 cm, soil organic carbon decreased by 15% and 36% at Moccasin and Big Spring, respectively, but increased by 15% at Akron. Soil micronutrients generally declined at all sites. Weather‐related variables derived from air temperature and precipitation records were not correlated with soil change. Inferred factors contributing to soil change included on‐site management, inherent soil features, weather metrics not evaluated, or a combination thereof.

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, aided by advances in medical imaging, discoveries in physiology and medicine have added nearly 25 years to the average life expectancy. This resounding success brings with it a need to understand a broad range of age-related health conditions, such as dementia. Today, mathematics, neuroimaging and scientific computing are being combined with fresh insights, from animal models, to study the brain and to better understand the etiology and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of age-related dementia in humans. In this manuscript, we offer a brief primer to the reader interested in engaging with the exciting field of mathematical modeling and scientific computing to advance the study of the brain and, in particular, human AD research.Statement of Significance Modeling Alzheimer’s disease is a highly interdisciplinary field and finding an effective starting point can be a considerable challenge. To address this challenge, this manuscript briefly highlights some central components of AD related protein pathology, useful classes of mathematical models for brain and AD research and effective computational resources for the practical prospective practitioner.

Objetivo: Analisar a influência do Consumo Sustentável no Consumo de Status no segmento de vestuário do contexto brasileiro. Método: Corresponde a um estudo descritivo com uma abordagem quantitativa, a partir do método Survey. A coleta de dados ocorreu de forma on-line com 420 respondentes. As escalas utilizadas foram Consumo Sustentável de Fischer et al. (2017), com 13 itens, e a escala de Consumo de Status desenvolvida por Eastman et al. (1999) que apresenta 14 itens. A análise dos dados correspondeu a análise estatística descritiva e a análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Na análise de regressão pode-se denotar que o fator escolha de compra sustentável não apresenta influência no status. Este entendimento esclarece que as práticas sustentáveis abordadas por empresas no cenário da moda não promovem um engajamento em consumidores que compram de forma sustentável. Sem mencionar que as empresas de moda com produtos sustentável, preocupadas em produções ecológicas ou verdes, de materiais orgânicos, bem como, um comércio justo, não estão atingindo aqueles que buscam status. Originalidade: Este estudo contribui com a discussão acerca da sustentabilidade, atrelando questões de status, ainda pouco investigadas de forma conjunta na literatura.

Biocementation is an exciting biomanufacturing alternative to common cement, which is a significant contributor of CO2 greenhouse gas production. In nature biocementation processes are usually modulated via ureolytic microbes, such as Sporosarcina pasteurii, precipitating calcium carbonate to cement particles together, but these ureolytic reactions also produce ammonium and carbonate byproducts, which may have detrimental effects on the environment. As an alternative approach, this work examines biosilicification via surface-displayed silicatein-α in bio-engineered E. coli as an in vivo biocementation strategy. The surface-display of silicatein-α with ice nucleation protein is a novel protein fusion combination that effectively enables biosilicification, which is the polymerization of silica species in solution, from the surface of E. coli bacterial cells. Biosilicification with silicatein-α produces biocementation products with comparable compressive strength as S. pasteurii. This biosilicification approach takes advantage of the high silica content found naturally in sand and does not produce the ammonium and carbonate byproducts of ureolytic bacteria, making this a more environmentally friendly biocementation strategy.

Se analizó la percepción de los docentes sobre sus habilidades socioemocionales en su práctica profesional tomando en cuenta el proyecto de integralidad de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM) en educación primaria durante la pandemia por COVID-19. En México, la NEM enfatiza que la educación debe ser inclusiva e integral tomando en cuenta los derechos humanos y la perspectiva de género para cumplir lo establecido en el tercer artículo constitucional del 2019. Durante la pandemia se generaron estrategias educativas nacionales que permitieran resguardar la salud de los estudiantes por medio de las tecnologías de comunicación. Este estudio utilizó un método cualitativo de enfoque interpretativo a través de tres grupos de enfoque con ocho docentes de tres centros educativos públicos de educación primaria. Se identificó que la adaptación del proyecto educativo nacional permite la visibilización de habilidades socioemocionales en proyectos didácticos para generar aprendizajes integrales. Por otro lado, la falta de capacitación formativa limita las estrategias de los docentes al momento de posibilitar aprendizajes que consideren el contexto y los factores de autocontrol socioemocional dentro del aula.

Resumen: Introducción: A raíz de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en marzo del 2020 los laboratorios de función pulmonar (LFP) sufrieron una transformación, con la reducción del número de pruebas o cierre en algunos casos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la actividad de los LFP en España y la modificación de esta debido a la pandemia. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta protocolizada a los miembros de los LFP a través de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR). Resultados: Contestaron 39 hospitales del territorio nacional. Las pruebas de función pulmonar que más se realizaban en los LFP fueron: espirometría forzada con prueba broncodilatadora (100%), pletismografía corporal (97,4%), capacidad de transferencia CO (97,4%), fuerza de los músculos respiratorios medidos en boca (97,4%), prueba de la marcha de 6 min (94,7%), medición de fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico (92,3%) y prueba de esfuerzo incremental (71,8%).La pandemia produjo un descenso significativo en el número de pruebas (35,4%) durante el 2020 con posterior recuperación en el 2021, sin llegar a valores prepandemia.Los cambios más importantes fueron: incremento en los tiempos de exploración, el trabajo con equipos de protección individual y la ventilación de los espacios. La realización del frotis nasofaríngeo para estudio de SARS-CoV-2 previo a las pruebas no fue homogénea en los LFP. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los hospitales disponen del equipamiento suficiente para la realización de las pruebas de función pulmonar más frecuentes. La pandemia supuso una pérdida de actividad en todos los hospitales. Abstract: Introduction: Following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in March 2020, pulmonary function testing (PFT) laboratories underwent a transformation, with a reduction in the number of tests or closure in some cases. The aim of this work was to know the activity of PFT in Spain and the modification of this activity due to the pandemic. Material and methods: A protocolised survey was carried out to members of the PFT laboratories through the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR). Results: Thirty-nine hospitals in Spain responded. The pulmonary function tests most frequently performed in the PFT laboratories were forced spirometry with bronchodilator test (100%), body plethysmography (97.4%), CO transfer capacity (97.4%), respiratory muscle strength measured in the mouth (97.4%), 6-minute walking test (94.7%), measurement of exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (92.3%) and incremental exercise test (71.8%).The pandemic led to a significant decrease in the number of tests (35.4%) during 2020 with subsequent recovery in 2021, without reaching pre-pandemic values.The most important changes were increased examination times, working with personal protective equipment and ventilation of the rooms. The performance of the nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 testing prior to the tests was not homogeneous in the PFT laboratories. Conclusions: Most hospitals are sufficiently equipped to perform the most common pulmonary function tests. The pandemic resulted in a loss of activity in all hospitals.

Objective: It is necessary to establish the evolution that the pandemic has had in Panama by weeks and months and to clearly establish the existence of surges or peaks, according to cases and deaths and the relationship with age groups. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the Ministry of Health of Panama during the first 3 years of the epidemic (March 9, 2020, March 11, 2023). All cases were obtained from information provided by the Ministry of Health. We obtained daily information of the population at the national level reported as new cases, deaths, admission to hospitals, admission to intensive care units and by age groups. The information is classified by epidemiological week and by month from the diagnosis of the first case until March 2023. Results: During the three years of the study, 1,032,316 cases of COVID-19 were registered in the Republic of Panama, and the number of deaths reported was 8,621, for a fatality rate of 0.83 % throughout that period. The number of deaths decreased over the 3 years of the pandemic; however, similar to the cases, there were periods of surges (peaks) per year in June/July and in December/January. The lethality progressively increased according to the age of the affected patients. During the first year, the lethality in those under 20 years of age was 0.05 %, and in those over 80 years old, it was 17.54 %. This pattern was maintained during the second year; however, there was a large decrease in all age groups. Conclusion: the highest lethality rate in Panama occurred in the first year of the pandemic, with a great decrease in the third year; the impact of lethality is proportional to the age of the individual, with a high possibility of death in those over 80 years of age. During each pandemic year, there are two peaks (surges of new cases and deaths) per year, which are important times to take into account to generate strategies aimed at reducing the impact.