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Jyoti Verma,1,2 Sumit Lal,1 Cornelis JF Van Noorden31Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 2Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAbstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans. Current GBM treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, sometimes supplemented with novel therapies. Despite recent advances, survival of GBM patients remains poor. Major challenges in GBM treatment are drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier, restriction of damage to healthy brain tissues, and limitation of resistance to therapies. This article reviews recent advances in the application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), gold nanorods (GNRs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for hyperthermia ablation of GBM. First, the article introduces GBM, its current treatment, and hyperthermia as a potential modality for the management of GBM. Second, it introduces MNPs, GNRs, and CNTs as inorganic agents to induce hyperthermia in GBM. Third, it discusses different methodologies for synthesis of each inorganic agent. Finally, it reviews in vitro and in vivo studies in which MNPs, GNRs, and CNTs have been applied for hyperthermia ablation and drug delivery in GBM.Keywords: hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, SPIONs, gold nanorods, carbon nanotubes

We provide suitable conditions under which the asymptotic limit of the Hilbert-Samuel coefficients of the Frobenius powers of an \mathfrak {m}-primary ideal exists in a Noetherian local ring (R,\mathfrak {m}) with prime characteristic p>0. This, in turn, gives an expression of the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of powers of the ideal. We also prove that for a face ring R of a simplicial complex and an ideal J generated by pure powers of the variables, the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function \ell (R/(J^{[q]})^k) is a polynomial for all q,k and also give an expression of the generalized Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of powers of J in terms of Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of J. We conclude by giving a counter-example to a conjecture proposed by I. Smirnov which connects the stability of an ideal with the asymptotic limit of the first Hilbert coefficient of the Frobenius power of the ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand sanitizer usage has proven to be a common and practical method for reducing the spread of infectious diseases which can be caused by many harmful pathogens. There is a need for alcohol-free hand sanitizers because most hand sanitizers on the market are alcohol-based, and regular use of them can damage the skin and can be hazardous. India is the world's largest producer of fruits and one of the major problems after fruit consumption is their peels, causing waste management problems and contributing to the formation of greenhouse gases leading to air pollution and adding to the problem of climate change. Valorization of such wastes into other value-added products and their incorporation into formulations of eco-friendly alcohol-free hand sanitizers would solve these issues, save the environment, benefit the society, and help in achieving the sustainable development goals. Thus, this research focuses on formulating an effective natural alcohol-free hand sanitizer that harnesses the antimicrobial properties of the various types of bioactive components found in fruit peels of pomegranate, sweet lime, and lemon. The peel extracts and the formulated sanitizer proved considerable antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic Escherichia coli and hand microflora. Molecular docking was also applied to examine ligand-protein interaction patterns and predict binding conformers and affinity of the sanitizer phytocompounds towards target proteins in COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia viruses. The binding affinities and the protein-ligand interactions virtual studies revealed that the sanitizer phytocompounds bind with the amino acids in the target proteins' active sites via hydrogen bonding interactions. As a result, it is possible to formulate a natural, alcohol-free hand sanitizer from fruit peels that is effective against pathogenic germs and viruses using the basic structure of these potential findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material strengthening is a key objective of researchers and scientists in the present scenario for industrial applications. Although many processes can strengthen and refine grains, severe plastic deformation is the most dominant of all other techniques. Accumulative roll bonding is one of the severe plastic deformation techniques. This study examined how the various accumulative roll bonding cycles at the elevated preheating temperature affected the mechanical characteristics and microstructural evolution of the AA6082 strip. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction were used to analyze the bonding and microstructural features. To determine mechanical characteristics, tensile and microhardness tests were also performed. The ultrafine grain size was achieved after accumulative roll bonding processing of AA6082. Accumulative roll bonding processing enhances mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness during the initial accumulative roll bonding cycle, but these properties grow more slowly at higher accumulative roll bonding cycles. However, the elongation value considerably decreased in the first cycle before stabilizing. The nice bonding between the layers was seen after accumulative roll bonding. Even after accumulative roll bonding, the fracture morphology reveals a ductile mode of fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cut greens are emerging as an important constituent of the floricultural industry as they add freshness and colour to floral designs. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different coloured shade nets (black, blue, green, red, white and no shade) at 50% shade intensity on growth and quality parameters of Dianella tasmanica and Pleomele reflexa. Both species significantly responded to the change in colour of shade nets. In D. tasmanica, maximum plant height (85.66 cm), stem diameter (8.63 mm) and leaf length (68.33 cm) were recorded under red shade net, while, plant spread (63.03 cm) and leaf breadth (4.06 cm) under black shade net, however, leaf thickness (0.57 cm) and vase life (24.33 days) under white shade net. In P. reflexa, maximum plant height (63.66 cm), stem diameter (9.76 mm), leaf length (17.50 cm), leaf thickness (0.93 cm) and SPAD index (60.10) were recorded under red shade net, whereas, plant spread (36.34 cm) and leaf breadth (3.00 cm) under black shade net, and vase life (25.66 days) under white shade net. Thus, red coloured shade nets could be preferred commercially for better performance of D. tasmanica and P. reflexa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leigh's syndrome is a rare cause of young-onset parkinsonism with dystonia in adults. The case presented a 23-year-old male who developed symptoms such as dragging of the right foot, slowness in daily activities, abnormal hand posturing, and falling backwards. The patient was diagnosed with adult-onset Leigh's syndrome based on clinical symptoms, MRI brain findings, MR spectroscopy, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing. Treatment with various medications did not result in significant improvement after one year of follow-up. Clinicians should be aware of Leigh's syndrome as a potential cause of parkinsonism and dystonia in young adults. [Extracted from the article]

Bulk production of ultrafine‐grained material is in great demand presently. Ultrafine‐grained material can be synthesized using accumulative roll bonding, which is a prominent severe plastic deformation technique to develop such materials in bulk. There are further challenges in the fabrication of ultrafine‐grained material. Friction stir welding is a potential technique to join the ultrafine‐grained material while maintaining its mechanical and microstructural characteristics stability as no fusion is required. The present research work demonstrates the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of various welding zone after friction stir welding of ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082. The microstructural features were examined using optical microscopy and the electron back‐scattered diffraction technique. The variation in mechanical characteristics was observed using tensile and microhardness tests. The fractography of tensile specimens was studied to identify the mode of failure. The present study demonstrates the viability of friction stir welding to join ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082 developed by accumulative roll bonding. The ultrafine grain size of 0.52 μm was achieved after four accumulative roll bonding cycles. The microhardness of accumulative roll bonding processed samples and the tensile strength of the weld joint were increased about two times and 1.6 times respectively compared to the annealed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heteraxinoides atlanticus Gayevskaya et Kovaleva (1979) is described from the locality of Arabian Sea, India. This monogenean species is first time reported from India, infesting the gills of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch). The present study redescribes H. atlanticus and its phylogenetic status using morphometric and molecular tools. Methods: A total of 35 parasites were collected from the 234 specimens of Nemipterus japonicus at Mumbai, India. The temporary and permanent mounts were prepared for the morphometric analyses of H. atlanticus. For PCR, the genomic DNA was isolated from the parasites using primers for 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtCOI gene. The obtained DNA sequences were subjected to different bioinformatics softwares (BLASTn, Clustal Omega and MEGA) for phlyogenetic analyses. Result: Phylogenetic analyses with the help of partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of H. atlanticus and other available sequences of heteraxinids provided the better understanding of relationship in the family Heteraxinidae. Another species, H. karachiensis Hadi and Bilqees (2014) showed similar morphological features such as number of clamps and structure of genital atrium to H. atlanticus except few minor differences, so it must be considered as synonym of H. atlanticus and placed into Heteraxinidae instead of Axinidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an important edible legume grown in Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. A field experiment was conducted for the integrated management of leaf spot and root rot caused by Cercospora canescene and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid respectively at Agricultural Research Station Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. For the integrated management of the diseases, ten treatments comprising of seed treatment and foliar application of various fungicides and biocontrol agents in three replications were used in randomized block design. Among the tested treatments against leaf spot, blight and root rot, seed treatment with T. viride @ 4 g/kg + soil application of T. viride @ 2.5 kg/ha enriched in 100 kg FYM + Neem cake @ 250 kg/ha + spray of myclobutanil @ 1 g/l the leaf spot (2.6%) and root rot (3.6%) decreased by 79-84 and 72-79% respectively and found at par with seed treatment with Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg + soil application of P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha in 100 kg of FYM + spray Pyraclostrobin 133 G/l + Epoxiconazole 50 G/l SE @ 1.5 ml/l which resulted in the minimum disease incidence of root rot (4.5%), disease severity of leaf spot (2.8%) and highest yield of mungbean (1019 kg/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitization of important documents and their segregation can be a beneficial and time-saving activity as individuals will have greater access to important documents and will be able to use them in regular tasks as well as endeavours. In recent years, research into the application of deep networks in robot systems has increased as a direct consequence of the advancements made in classification algorithms over the past few decades. Robotic vision automation for the segregation of sensitive and non-sensitive documents is required for many security concerns. The methodology of this article is initially focused on the identification of a good computer vision-based technique for the classification of sensitive documents from non-sensitive documents. The authors first identified the standard parameters in terms of reliability, loss, precision, and recall by employing deep learning techniques, such as neural networks with convolutions and transfer learning (TL) algorithms. The extraction of features based on pre-trained deep learning models was referenced in numerous publications. Similarly, we applied most of the feature extraction techniques to identify feature extraction from the images. Then, these features were classified by machine and ensemble learning models. However, the pre-trained models-based feature extraction along with machine learning classification resulted better in comparison to the deep learning and TL procedures. Further, the better-identified techniques were applied as the brain behind the vision of a robotic structure to automate the segregation of sensitive documents from non-sensitive documents. This proposed robotic structure could be applied when we have to find some specific and classified document from the haystack.

The purpose of this paper was to explore workplace-stress perceptions and stress coping mechanisms used by employees of different age-groups in services. The study further examined the relationship between stress coping mechanisms and workplace-stress perceptions of employees, by underpinning literature-based evidences to results. The study investigated workplace-stress and coping mechanisms of randomly selected employees (n = 204) of three sectors of service industry. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and related post-hoc tests were used to examine different research questions in the study. The study was primarily designed to study the impact of gender, age, management level and organizational ownership on stress perceptions and coping mechanisms of employees. The results suggested that perceived workplace-stress and stress coping mechanisms differ significantly with age while other factors reported insignificant differences. Interestingly, the older employees scored high on the use of coping mechanisms but their perceived workplace-stress was also high in comparison to their younger counterparts. The study attributes high stress-perceptions in older employees to the new stressors at work, thereby negating the experience theory widely used in explaining high coping ability of older employees at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that the Hilbert-Kunz function of the ideal (I, It) of the Rees algebra R (I) , where I is an m -primary ideal of a 1-dimensional local ring (R , m) , is a quasi-polynomial in e, for large e. For s ∈ N , we calculate the Hilbert-Samuel function of the R-module I [ s ] and obtain an explicit description of the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function of the ideal (I , I t) R (I) when I is a parameter ideal in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension d ≥ 2 , proving that the generalized Hilbert-Kunz function is a piecewise polynomial in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundnut is an economic important edible oilseed crop. Collar rot is one of the most destructive diseases of groundnut. The use of fungicides to manage disease in crops causes much adverse health and environmental effects; therefore, the need for a more sustainable and ecological approach to control crop diseases without chemical fungicides becomes inevitable. Accordingly, a viable alternative method was used. Seven plant extracts and five bio-agents were evaluated by poison food technique and dual culture technique under laboratory conditions against Aspergillus niger in 2019-2020. Among them, datura leaf extract was most effective and inhibited mycelial growth by 84.06%, followed by tulsi (79.18%) and neem seed kernel extract (77.05%) when applied at 10% concentration of the extracts. The least inhibition was observed due to Salvadora extract (35.85%). Among bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum inhibited mycelial growth by 77.67%, followed by Trichoderma viride (72.92%) in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study based on partial sequences of 28S and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of sixteen Indian species of the genus Cornudiscoides (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) were conducted to decode the genetic relationship between them and with other members of the family Dactylogyridae. Blastn searches disclosed the significant similarity among the species of the Cornudiscoides for large ribosomal subunits as well as for small ribosomal subunit showing genetic relatedness. The phylogenetic tree using neighbour-joining (NJ) and minimum evolution (ME) methods for 28S ribosomal subunit depicted that all Cornudiscoides species clustering in a single clade and forming sister clade with other members of the family Dactylogyridae and similar results were obtained from 18S ribosomal subunit. Thus, the present study demonstrated that both 28S and 18S ribosomal subunits are very helpful in discriminating Cornudiscoides species (intra or interspecific variation) and in the establishment of the evolutionary relationship among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study discussed in this article was aimed to investigate the usages of e-resources, the relationship of access points with devices for accessing e-resources and influence of the use of e-resources on academic efficiency of faculty and technical staff of India's first Agricultural University--Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. The study also showed usage levels of different types of e-resources amongst users if access points are correlated with devices employed and the effect of e-resources on academic efficiency of academics. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The use of e-resources was studied using a method to scaling responses, following Likert Scales. Data obtained were converted into scores using scale rating. Standard statistical techniques were used for the analysis of variance, correlation coefficients, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]