22 results on '"Velázquez, U."'
Search Results
2. Increased phagocytosis and growth inhibition of Encephalitozoon cuniculi by LPS-activated J774A.1 murine macrophages
- Author
-
González-Machorro, J. R., Rodríguez-Tovar, L. E., Gómez-Flores, R., Soto-Dominguez, A., Rodríguez-Rocha, H., Garcia-García, A., Tamez-Guerra, P., and Castillo-Velázquez, U.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Differential responses of macrophages from bovines naturally resistant or susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis after classical and alternative activation
- Author
-
Castillo-Velázquez, U., Gomez-Flores, R., Tamez-Guerra, R., Tamez-Guerra, P., and Rodríguez-Padilla, C.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Corrigendum to “Differential responses of macrophages from bovines naturally resistant or susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis after classical and alternative activation” [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 154 (1–2) (2013) 8–16]
- Author
-
Castillo-Velázquez, U., Gomez-Flores, R., Tamez-Guerra, R., Tamez-Guerra, P., and Rodríguez-Padilla, C.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Immunohistochemical localization of TNF-α and IL-4 in granulomas of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand white rabbits infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
- Author
-
Dávila-Martínez, C., Castillo-Velázquez, U., Soto-Domínguez, A., Nevárez-Garza, A.M., Arce-Mendoza, A.Y., Hernandez-Vidal, G., Zamora-Avila, D.E., and Rodriguez-Tovar, L.E.
- Subjects
- *
NOSEMA cuniculi , *RABBITS , *IMMUNE response - Abstract
• TNF-a-positive cells are in brain and kidneys of immunosuppressed rabbits. • IL-4-positive cells were observed in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed rabbits. • TNF-α–positive cells were activated by Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores. • IL-4-positive cells were numerous in brain of immunocompetent rabbits. • Change of Th1- to Th2-like granulomas occurred by an unknown mechanism. Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a fungi-related, obligate, zoonotic, spore-forming intracellular eukaryotic microorganism. This emerging pathogen causes granulomas to form in the brain and kidneys of infected individuals. The objective of the current study was to detect the distribution of TNF-α- and IL-4-positive cells using immunohistochemistry within these granulomas in both infected immunocompetent (group A) and immunosuppressed (group B) New Zealand white rabbits. In the brain, labeled TNF-α immune cells were mainly located in the granuloma peripheries in group B. Granulomas examined in the kidneys of groups A and B were TNF-α positive, but were significantly different (p < 0.001) when compared with the brain. IL-4-producing immune cells in the brain and kidneys were disseminated within granulomas in groups A and B; however, no significant difference (p > 0.05), was observed. IL-4 positive cells were more numerous in brain sections of group B and differed significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with kidneys. Granulomas were not observed in control animals (groups C and D). In conclusion, we identified TNF-α positive cells in both the brain and kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed animals; IL-4 positive cells were numerous in the brains of immunosuppressed rabbits; however, in terms of percentage were numerous in the brains of immunocompetent rabbits. Immunosuppression appeared to stimulate a change in the cellular phenotype of Th1- to Th2-like granulomas in the brain and kidneys via an unknown mechanism. Expression of pro- and pre-inflammatory cytokines in microsporidian granulomas suggests a mechanism by which E. cuniculi evades the immune response, causing more severe disease. These results increase our understanding of TNF-α and IL-4-positive cells within the E. cuniculi granuloma microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Nanoencapsulation of extracts and isolated compounds of plant origin and their cytotoxic effects on breast and cervical cancer treatments: Advantages and new challenges.
- Author
-
Guillén-Meléndez GA, Pérez-Hernández RA, Chávez-Montes A, Castillo-Velázquez U, de Jesús Loera-Arias M, Montes-de-Oca-Saucedo CR, Rodríguez-Rocha H, Contreras-Torres FF, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, and Soto-Domínguez A
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Nanomedicine, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Nanoparticles
- Abstract
This review analyzes the current progress in loaded nanoparticles (NPs) of plant extracts or isolated antineoplastic compounds used in breast and cervical cancer treatments. Also, it provides a comprehensive overview of the contributions made by traditional medicine and nanomedicine to the research of two of the most prevalent types of cancer in women worldwide: breast and cervical cancer. Searches were conducted in electronic databases to gather relevant information related to the biological activity of the NPs, which were meticulously reviewed. Nanomedicine has advanced to incorporate plant compounds including their crude extracts, in the preparation of NPs. The most used method is green synthesis, whose most outstanding advantages, is the reduced preparation time, and the variety of results that can be obtained depending on the reaction times, pH, temperature, and concentration of both the bio-reducing agent and the compound or plant extract. Most of the studies focus on evaluating crude extracts with high polarity, such as aqueous, alcoholic, and hydroalcoholic extracts. In conclusion, exploring the use of organic compounds is considered an area of opportunity for further research and future perspectives. Most of the analyzed studies were conducted using in vitro assays, highlighting the relatively recent nature of this field. It is expected that future research will involve more in vivo assays, particularly focusing on isolated cell lines representing the most difficult-to-treat types of cancer, such as triple-negative breast cancer like MDA-MB-231. Notably the MCF-7 cell line is one of the most used, while limited studies were found concerning cervical cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Assessment of Anticancer Properties of Argemone mexicana L. and Berberine: A Comparative Study.
- Author
-
Elizondo-Luevano JH, Quintanilla-Licea R, Monroy-García IN, Kačániová M, Castillo-Velázquez U, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Garza-Vega LM, Torres-Hernández ÁD, and Chávez-Montes A
- Abstract
Argemone mexicana L. has been used in traditional Mexican medicine. Among its bioactive constituents, berberine (BER) has garnered attention for its cytotoxic properties against different tumor cell lines. This study investigates the in vitro toxicity against HEP-G2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and murine lymphoma (L5178Y-R) cells using the MTT assay of the methanol extract (AmexM), sub-partitions of A. mexicana , and BER. Selectivity indices (SIs) were determined by comparing their cytotoxic effects on VERO (monkey kidney epithelial) and PBMC (human peripheral blood mononuclear) non-tumoral cells. Additionally, the anti-hemolytic effect of these treatments was assessed using the AAPH method. The treatment with the most promising activity against tumor cells and anti-hemolytic efficacy underwent further evaluation for toxicity in Artemia salina and antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. BER demonstrated an IC
50 = 56.86 µg/mL in HEP-G2 cells and IC50 < 5.0 µg/mL in L5178Y-R cells, with SI values of 15.97 and >5.40 in VERO and PBMC cells, respectively. No significant hemolytic effects were observed, although AmexM and BER exhibited the highest anti-hemolytic activity. BER also demonstrated superior antioxidant efficacy, with lower toxicity in A. salina nauplii compared to the control. Additionally, BER significantly attenuated nitric oxide production. This study highlights the antiproliferative effects of A. mexicana , particularly BER, against HEP-G2 and L5178Y-R tumor cell lines, along with its selectivity towards normal cells. Furthermore, its anti-hemolytic and antioxidant potentials were demonstrated, suggesting that BER is a promising candidate for potent chemotherapeutic agents.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical traits of apoptosis induced by peroxisomicine A1 (toxin T-514) from Karwinskia parvifolia in kidney and lung.
- Author
-
Soto-Domínguez A, Salas-Treviño D, Guillén-Meléndez GA, Castillo-Velázquez U, Ballesteros-Elizondo RG, Montes-de-Oca-Saucedo CR, Villa-Cedillo SA, Morales-Ávalos R, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, and Saucedo-Cárdenas O
- Abstract
Peroxisomicine A1 (PA1) is a toxin isolated from the Karwinskia genus plants whose target organs are the liver, kidney, and lung. In vitro studies demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by PA1 in cancer cell lines, and in vivo in the liver. Apoptosis has a wide range of morphological features such as cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blistering, loss of microvilli, cytoplasm, and chromatin condensation, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytized by resident macrophages or nearby cells. Early stages of apoptosis can be detected by mitochondrial alterations. We investigated the presence of apoptosis in vivo at the morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical levels in two target organs of PA1: kidney and lung. Sixty CD-1 mice were divided into three groups (n = 20): untreated control (ST), vehicle control (VH), and PA1 intoxicated group (2LD50). Five animals of each group were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-intoxication. Kidney and lung were examined by morphometry, histopathology, ultrastructural, and DNA fragmentation analysis. Pre-apoptotic mitochondrial alterations were present at 4 h. Apoptotic bodies were observed at 8 h and increased over time. TUNEL positive cells were detected as early as 4 h, and the DNA ladder pattern was observed at 12 h and 24 h. The liver showed the highest value of fragmented DNA, followed by the kidney and the lung. We demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by a toxic dose of PA1 in the kidney and lung in vivo . These results could be useful in understanding the mechanism of action of this compound at toxic doses in vivo ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effect of methanolic extract of Mimosa malacophylla A.Gray in vero and HEK-293 cell lines, and in the morphology of kidney and bladder of rats with induced urolithiasis.
- Author
-
Guillén-Meléndez GA, Soto-Domínguez A, Loera-Arias MJ, Castillo-Velázquez U, Villa-Cedillo SA, Piña-Mendoza EI, Estrada-Castillón E, Chávez-Montes A, González-Alcocer A, Becerra-Verdín EM, Castañeda-Martínez A, Pérez-Hernández RA, and Salas-Treviño D
- Subjects
- Animals, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Kidney, Methanol pharmacology, Mice, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Urinary Bladder, Mimosa, Urolithiasis chemically induced
- Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Urolithiasis is the presence of stones in the kidney, ureters, bladder and/or urethra; it is the third most frequent disease of the urinary tract. Mimosa malacophylla A. Gray, is a species distributed in northern Mexico, where people traditionally use it for its diuretic effect, and to treat kidney diseases; however, no scientific reports have been found in relation to its antiurolithic properties., Aim of the Study: This study aimed to obtain a qualitative phytochemical profile of the methanolic extract (ME) of M. malacophylla, and to evaluate its potential cytotoxic effect in vitro and its antiurolithic activity in vivo., Material and Methods: Phytochemical screening was performed to demonstrate the presence of secondary metabolite groups in the methanolic extract of M. malacophylla. In vitro cytotoxicity assays (MTT and nucleotide labeling with DAPI) were performed to evaluate the effect of the extract on kidney cell lines. Urolithiasis was induced in the bladder of Wistar rats introducing zinc disks for the calculus formation and exposed to three concentrations of ME., Results: Phytochemical screening showed phenols, steroids, terpenoids and carbohydrates. In vitro analysis demonstrated that concentrations below 300 μg/mL of ME did not produce a cytotoxic effect on renal Vero and HEK-293 cells. In vivo analysis of 15 days of exposition, revealed that the extract at concentrations of 50 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg were effective as an antiurolithic treatment, and did not produce morphological alterations in kidney or bladder in murine model of induced urolithiasis., Conclusions: The antiurolithic activity may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids, steroids and terpenes detected in the phytochemical screening which have been reported to possess this activity. These results could be useful to evaluate new alternatives and their potential therapeutic effect to treat renal or urinary affections., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages in cerebral granulomas caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
- Author
-
Soto-Domínguez A, González-Castillo JA, Castillo-Velázquez U, Rodriguez-Tovar LE, Méndez-Zamora G, Zamora-Avila DE, and Nevárez-Garza AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain, Granuloma veterinary, Macrophages, Rabbits, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoonosis veterinary
- Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores cause severe granulomatous inflammation in the brain where mononuclear cells and macrophages infiltrate. Here, we orally infected New Zealand white rabbits with 1 × 10
6 E. cuniculi viable spores to study the recruitment and localization of macrophages in brain granulomas. At day 30 post-infection, the positive phenotype markers iNOS (M1) and Arg-1 (M2) were located in the periphery and center of granulomas, respectively. Live intracytoplasmic spores were found only in positive Arg-1 cells. This is the first work to describe the recruitment and distribution of M1 and M2 macrophages in the brain granulomas of rabbits infected with E. cuniculi., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Neuropathic or systemic chronic intoxication with Karwinskia humboldtiana (Buckthorn) fruit? Histopathological effect in myocardial and skeletal muscle.
- Author
-
García-Garza R, Salas-Treviño D, Arguelles-Gutiérrez S, Carrizales-Sepúlveda EF, Treviño-Herrera AB, Guillén-Meléndez GA, Salazar-Leal ME, Castillo-Velázquez U, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, and Soto-Domínguez A
- Subjects
- Animals, Fruit toxicity, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Myocardium pathology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Heart drug effects, Karwinskia toxicity, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects
- Abstract
In accidental intoxicated animals and humans, Karwinskia humboldtiana (Kh) causes lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system and organs like the kidney, liver, and lung. The objective was to evaluate the histology of myocardium and skeletal muscle after experimental chronic intoxication with mature fruit of Kh in Wistar rat. Twenty-five rats were used and divided into five groups (n = 5): four intoxicated and one control. Kh fruit was ground, dried, sieved, and administered by an orogastric tube. Intoxicated rats received 3.5 g/kg body weight fractionated in 5 doses. Control rats received only water. Animals were euthanized at 24, 48, 58, and 112 days, respectively. Samples of the myocardium and skeletal muscle were obtained and processed for light microscopy evaluation. Morphological analyses were performed, including a microdensitometric analysis. Results showed areas of necrosis in the muscle fibers, fibers with vacuolated cytoplasm, and disorganization of myofilaments, as well as staining variations in both myocardium and skeletal muscle time-depending. Zones with loss of continuity of the external lamina were identified with PAS with the diastase histochemical method. Immunolabeling with specific antibodies demonstrated diminution of actin and desmin myofilaments. The microdensitometric analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the intoxicated vs control group. These findings demonstrate that chronic intoxication of Kh fruit also causes damage in myocardial and skeletal muscle, these alterations will be useful to understand that the toxic effects of Kh fruit in accidently intoxicated humans are systemic, and not only over the nervous system., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Cytotoxic Effect In Vitro of Acalypha monostachya Extracts over Human Tumor Cell Lines.
- Author
-
Guillén-Meléndez GA, Villa-Cedillo SA, Pérez-Hernández RA, Castillo-Velázquez U, Salas-Treviño D, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Gómez-Tristán CA, Garza-Arredondo AJ, Zamora-Ávila DE, de Jesús Loera-Arias M, and Soto-Domínguez A
- Abstract
Acalypha monostachya (A. monostachya) is a plant that is used in traditional medicine as a cancer treatment; however, its effect has not been validated. In this study, the potential cytotoxic effects and morphological changes of A. monostachya were evaluated in human tumor cell lines. The aqueous (AE), methanolic (ME), and hexane (HE) extracts were obtained, and flavonoid-type phenolic compounds were detected, which indicates an antineoplastic effect. We observed a time-dependent and concentration-selective toxicity in human tumor cells. Additionally, the ME and HE showed the greatest cytotoxic effect at minimum concentrations compared to the AE, which showed this effect at the highest concentrations. All extracts induced significant morphological changes in tumor cells. The HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cells were more sensitive compared to the MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer) cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated a cytotoxic in vitro effect of A. monostachya extracts in tumoral human cell lines. These results show the potential antineoplastic effects of A. monostachya in vitro. Hereafter, our lab team will continue working to usefully isolate and obtain the specific compounds of A. monostachya extracts with cytotoxic effects on tumor cells to find more alternatives for cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Analysis of the Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Bone Broth in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis.
- Author
-
Mar-Solís LM, Soto-Domínguez A, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Rodríguez-Rocha H, García-García A, Aguirre-Arzola VE, Zamora-Ávila DE, Garza-Arredondo AJ, and Castillo-Velázquez U
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Cattle, Cytokines, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid therapeutic use, Colitis, Ulcerative etiology, Colitis, Ulcerative therapy, Malnutrition complications, Nutrients therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nutritional deficiencies are one of the main triggers for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, the objective of the present work consisted of determining the nutrients present in the bone broth (BB) and evaluating their anti-inflammatory properties in a murine model of UC, induced by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and acetic acid (AcOH). The BB was prepared from the femur of bovine cattle and cooked in distilled water for 8 h at 100 ± 2 °C. Materials and Methods: The BB was administered ad libitum to BALB/c mice for 10 days before the induction of UC. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis and determination of cytokine expression levels by qPCR. Results: It was found that amino acids (AA) are the main nutritional contribution of BB, 54.56% of these correspond to essential AA. The prophylactic administration of BB in the murine model of UC reduced histological damage, decreased the expression of IL-1β (61.12%), IL-6 (94.70%), and TNF-α (68.88%), and increased the expression of INF-γ (177.06%), IL-4 (541.36%), and IL-10 (531.97%). Conclusions: This study shows that BB has anti-inflammatory properties, and its consumption can decrease the symptoms of UC.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Benefits of Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants.
- Author
-
Cárdenas Garza GR, Elizondo Luévano JH, Bazaldúa Rodríguez AF, Chávez Montes A, Pérez Hernández RA, Martínez Delgado AJ, López Villarreal SM, Rodríguez Rodríguez J, Sánchez Casas RM, Castillo Velázquez U, and Rodríguez Luis OE
- Abstract
The genus Zingiberaceae has been widely used for phytotherapeutic purposes in traditional medicine throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental studies have established that inflammation caused by chronic infections represents a risk factor for different forms of cancer. The objective of this study was focused on determining the anti-inflammatory capacity and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) and Curcuma Longa (turmeric). The extracts were obtained by maceration and, through GC-MS/MS, a total of 11 different chemical components were determined in the aqueous extract of cardamom and 7 in the extract of turmeric. The main compounds found in cardamom and turmeric were α -terpinyl acetate (54.46%) and β -turmerone (33.45%), respectively. RT-qPCR results showed significantly lower gene expression levels of innate inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF- α ) compared to the control (LPS). Also, it was observed that the extracts do not possess cytotoxic activity against different cell lines, where E. cardamomum showed EC
50 (µg/mL) of 473.84 (HeLa cells), 237.36 (J774A.1 cells), 257.51 (Vero E6 cells), and 431.16 (Balb/C peritoneal cells) and C. longa showed EC50 (µg/mL) of 351.17 (HeLa cells), 430.96 (J774A.1 cells), 396.24 (Vero E6 cells), and 362.86 (Balb/C peritoneal cells). The results of this research suggest that natural extracts of E. cardamomum and C. longa possess anti-inflammatory effects and no cytotoxic activity against HeLa, J774A.1, Vero E6, and Balb/C peritoneal cell lines. Finally, it was observed that the extracts also decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in peritoneal macrophages.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Mature congenital intraneural teratoma in cerebellum of pig.
- Author
-
Soto-Domínguez A, Rodríguez-Rocha H, García-García A, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, and Castillo-Velázquez U
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Sus scrofa, Swine, Cerebellar Neoplasms veterinary, Swine Diseases congenital, Swine Diseases pathology, Teratoma veterinary
- Abstract
The biological behavior of teratomas depends on several interdependent clinical and epidemiological variables such as age at diagnosis, sex, tumor microenvironment, and tumor morphology, among others. All these variables are correlated to different cytogenetic and molecular aberrations (Harms et al., 2006). There are null reports of teratomas in pigs. The aim of this study was to characterize the tissues present in a mature congenital intraneural teratoma in the cerebellum area of a Landrace female pig of 6-7 weeks old. In this study, tissue control samples were used to validate each staining method. Sections from the teratoma showed normal histology of the cerebellum, including rounded Purkinje neurons with abundant cytoplasm, euchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli; glial cells with a scarce amount of cytoplasm and small and highly basophile-nuclei (compact chromatin) and axonal tracts (white matter). Interestingly, we also observed areas with tissues different from the nervous tissue, including bundles of well-defined skeletal muscle fibers with a striated pattern and peripheral nuclei; hyaline cartilage plaques, with prominent presence of chondrocytes in their lagoons forming isogenous groups surrounded by a territorial and interterritorial matrix; trabeculated bone tissue; and adipocytes, which are ring-shaped cells with peripheral flattened nuclei, as a result of the presence of a central large lipid droplet. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe a congenital intraneural mature teratoma in the cerebellum of a pig.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Quantitative analysis of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 expression, nitric oxide response, and apoptosis in Encephalitozoon cuniculi-infected rabbits.
- Author
-
Nevárez-Garza AM, Castillo-Velázquez U, Soto-Domínguez A, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Zamora-Ávila DE, Wong-González A, and Rodríguez-Tovar LE
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunocompromised Host, Immunosuppression Therapy, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Interleukin-4 metabolism, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Rabbits, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Encephalitozoon cuniculi immunology, Encephalitozoonosis immunology, Granuloma immunology, Kidney pathology, Phagocytes immunology
- Abstract
The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-10, as well as apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in the brain and kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbits infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. All of the animals had clinical signs histopathological lesions compatible with encephalitozoonosis and were E. cuniculi-positive by using a carbon immunoassay test. Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection promoted the expression of TNF-α and NO production in the kidneys of infected rabbits, and a synergic effect was observed in animal treated with dexamethasone. The IL-4 expression was similar in the brain and kidneys of infected rabbits, regardless of their immunologic status. The IL-10 mRNA expression in the brain of infected immunosuppressed rabbits was elevated when compared with positive controls. Apoptosis of granuloma mononuclear-like cells was detected in immunocompetent E. cuniculi-infected rabbits, but it was more evident in infected-immunosuppressed animals. Nitric oxide levels were elevated both in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed infected animals, but it was more apparent in the kidneys. These data suggest that modulation of the immune response by E. cuniculi could contribute to the survival of the parasite within phagocytic cells in granulomas via an as yet undetermined mechanism., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits.
- Author
-
Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Villarreal-Marroquín A, Nevárez-Garza AM, Castillo-Velázquez U, Rodríguez-Ramírez HG, Navarro-Soto MC, Zárate-Ramos JJ, Hernández-Vidal G, and Trejo-Chávez A
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Domestic, Encephalitozoonosis diagnosis, Encephalitozoonosis parasitology, Kidney parasitology, Rabbits, Rodent Diseases parasitology, Staining and Labeling veterinary, Encephalitozoon cuniculi isolation & purification, Encephalitozoonosis veterinary, Rodent Diseases diagnosis, Spores, Fungal isolation & purification
- Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an important microsporidian pathogen that is considered an emergent, zoonotic, and opportunistic. It infects both domestic and laboratory rabbits, generating severe chronic interstitial and granulomatous nephritis with fibrosis and granulomatous encephalitis. Encephalitozoonosis is diagnosed in paraffin-embedded sections by examining the spores in the host tissues. The spores are difficult to observe when the samples are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), particularly when there is an inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The spores are easily mistaken for other microorganisms, such as fungi (yeasts), protozoa, and bacteria. In our study, we used kidney samples from E. cuniculi-positive rabbits and employed 14 recommended histologic stains for detecting microsporidia spores: alcian blue, calcofluor white, Giemsa, Gram, Grocott, H&E, Luna, Luxol fast blue, Masson trichrome, modified trichrome stain (MTS), periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS), Van Gieson, Warthin-Starry (WS), and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN).We concluded that MTS and Gram stain, detected by light microscopy, and calcofluor white stain, detected by ultraviolet light microscopy, are the best stains for detecting spores of E. cuniculi in paraffin-embedded tissues from infected rabbits. These stains were superior to WS, ZN, Giemsa, and PAS for identifying spores without background "noise" or monochromatic interference. Also, they allow individual spores to be discerned in paraffin-embedded tissues. MTS allows observation of the polar tube, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole, the most distinctive parts of the spore.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Interferon γ and interleukin 10 responses in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbits naturally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
- Author
-
Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Castillo-Velázquez U, Arce-Mendoza AY, Nevárez-Garza AM, Zarate-Ramos JJ, Hernández-Vidal G, Rodríguez-Ramírez HG, and Trejo-Chávez A
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Immunocompetence, Immunocompromised Host, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Dexamethasone administration & dosage, Encephalitozoon cuniculi immunology, Encephalitozoonosis immunology, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Rabbits immunology
- Abstract
Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 were measured in the serum of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbits naturally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. IFN-γ levels were elevated in infected rabbits, and a synergic effect was observed in animals treated with the immunosuppressive agent dexamethasone (Dex). The role of IL-10 in infected rabbits remains unclear, as IL-10 levels were similar to those of negative controls. Dex appeared to exhibit a proinflammatory effect, as IFN-γ levels were elevated in infected immunosuppressed rabbits. Similarly, Dex exhibited a synergic effect in infected immunosuppressed rabbits, as evidenced by the elevation in IFN-γ production. These data indicate that the immune response to this glucocorticoid should be considered in the design of future animal model studies of immunosuppression., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Grading the Histological Lesions in Brain, Kidney, and Liver during Primoinfection Outbreak in Rabbits.
- Author
-
Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Nevárez-Garza AM, Trejo-Chávez A, Hernández-Martínez CA, Hernández-Vidal G, Zarate-Ramos JJ, and Castillo-Velázquez U
- Abstract
This is the first confirmed report of Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) in farm meat rabbits located in Northern Mexico. Eighty young rabbits exhibited clinical signs of this zoonotic emerging disease, like torticollis, ataxia, paresis, circling, and rolling. Samples of brain, kidney, and liver were examined for histology lesions. For the first time the lesions caused by E. cuniculi were graded according to their severity (I, II, and III) and the size of the granulomas (Types A, B, and C). The main cerebral injuries were Grade III, coinciding with the presence of Type C granulomas. The cerebral lesions were located in the cortex, brain stem, and medulla. The renal lesions were also Grade III distributed throughout cortex and renal medulla, with no granuloma formation. The involvement of hypersensitivity Types III and IV is suggested. All of the rabbits were seropositive to E. cuniculi by CIA testing, suggesting that this zoonotic and emerging pathogen is widely distributed among animals intended for human consumption. We believe this work could be used as a guide when examining E. cuniculi and will provide direction to confirm the diagnosis of this pathogen.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Human recombinant cementum attachment protein (hrPTPLa/CAP) promotes hydroxyapatite crystal formation in vitro and bone healing in vivo.
- Author
-
Montoya G, Arenas J, Romo E, Zeichner-David M, Alvarez M, Narayanan AS, Velázquez U, Mercado G, and Arzate H
- Subjects
- Animals, Circular Dichroism, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Electron, Nanospheres, Protein Conformation, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins pharmacology, Bone Regeneration drug effects, Durapatite metabolism, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases chemistry, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases pharmacology
- Abstract
Cementum extracellular matrix is similar to other mineralized tissues; however, this unique tissue contains molecules only present in cementum. A cDNA of these molecules, cementum attachment protein (hrPTPLa/CAP) was cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system. This molecule is an alternative splicing of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A (PTPLa). In this study, we wanted to determine the structural and functional characteristics of this protein. Our results indicate that hrPTPLa/CAP contains a 43.2% α-helix, 8.9% β-sheet, 2% β-turn and 45.9% random coil secondary structure. Dynamic light scattering shows that this molecule has a size distribution of 4.8 nm and aggregates as an estimated mass of 137 kDa species. AFM characterization and FE-SEM studies indicate that this protein self-assembles into nanospheres with sizes ranging from 7.0 to 27 nm in diameter. Functional studies demonstrate that hrPTPLa/CAP promotes hydroxyapatite crystal nucleation: EDS analysis revealed that hrPTPLa/CAP-induced crystals had a 1.59 ± 0.06 Ca/P ratio. Further confirmation with MicroRaman spectrometry and TEM confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite. In vivo studies using critical-size defects in rat cranium showed that hrPTPLa/CAP promoted 73% ± 2.19% and 87% ± 1.97% new bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Although originally identified in cementum, PTPLa/CAP is very effective at inducing bone repair and healing and therefore this novel molecule has a great potential to be used for mineralized tissue bioengineering and tissue regeneration., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Increased incidence of DNA amplification in follicular than in uterine and blood samples indicates possible tropism of Neospora caninum to the ovarian follicle.
- Author
-
Silva AF, Rangel L, Ortiz CG, Morales E, Zanella EL, Castillo-Velázquez U, and Gutierrez CG
- Subjects
- Abortion, Veterinary, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases blood, Coccidiosis blood, Coccidiosis parasitology, Dairying, Female, Pregnancy, Cattle Diseases parasitology, Coccidiosis veterinary, DNA, Protozoan analysis, Neospora physiology, Ovarian Follicle parasitology, Uterus parasitology
- Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of Neospora caninum in ovarian follicle aspirates and uterine flushes obtained from N. caninum seropositive dairy cows. Ninety-two cows that aborted within the previous 90 days were sampled to determine the presence of antibodies against N. caninum. Thirteen seropositive cows were chosen for collection of blood leukocytes, uterine flushes (UF; n=12) and follicular aspirates (OPU; n=13). Samples were centrifuged and the cellular sediment from the follicular fluid, uterine flushes and blood leukocytes were used for DNA extraction and PCR. Follicular aspirates had the highest frequency of DNA amplification for N. caninum (p<0.05, 92.3%; 12/13). Whereas uterine (4/12) and blood leukocyte (5/13) samples had similar (p>0.05) rate of positive results. Nonetheless, there was no agreement between blood leukocytes and follicular samples taken from the same animal (Cohen Kappa=-0.16). Similarly, blood leukocytes and uterine results had moderate agreement between them (Cohen Kappa=0.47). This study indicates that N. caninum is present in the ovarian follicle and uterus of seropositive cows, suggesting a possible risk of neosporosis transmission between females during oocyte and embryo collection and transfer. Hence, precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of N. caninum transmission. Furthermore, the high incidence of positive results in follicle samples, that exceeded that of their paired blood leukocytes, suggests a possible tropism of N. caninum for the ovarian follicle., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Alternative activation modifies macrophage resistance to Mycobacterium bovis.
- Author
-
Castillo-Velázquez U, Aranday-Cortés E, and Gutiérrez-Pabello JA
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis, Arginase metabolism, Cattle microbiology, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines immunology, Cytokines metabolism, DNA Fragmentation, Gene Expression, Immunity, Innate, Interleukin-4 pharmacology, Macrophages microbiology, Nitric Oxide biosynthesis, Phagocytosis, Cattle immunology, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages immunology, Mycobacterium bovis immunology, Tuberculosis, Bovine immunology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of macrophage alternative activation in the intracellular pathogen natural disease resistance phenotype of the host. Macrophage monolayers from resistant (R) (3) or susceptible (S) (3) cattle donors were treated with 10 ng/ml of bovine recombinant IL-4 (rbIL-4), and infected with virulent and avirulent Mycobacterium bovis (MOI 10:1). Bactericidal assays were performed to assess the bacterial phagocytic index and intracellular survival. Total RNA was reverse transcribed and used to analyze the relative changes in gene expression of IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, MCP-2, IL-6, MIP-1, MIP-3, iNOS, ARGII and SLAM by real time PCR. Cell supernatants were collected and nitric oxide and arginase production was assessed. Apoptosis induction was measured by TUNEL. IL-4 treatment increased the phagocytic index in both R and S macrophages; however intracellular survival was augmented mainly in S macrophages. Alternative activation decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide production and DNA fragmentation mainly in R macrophages. On the other hand, arginase production was not different between R and S macrophages. Alternative activation modifies the macrophage response against M. bovis. IL-4 treatment minimized the functional differences that exist between R and S macrophages., (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.