55 results on '"Vaupel, J.W."'
Search Results
2. Assessing Genetic Association with Human Survival at Multi-Allelic Loci
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Tan, Qihua, De Benedictis, G., Yashin, A.I., Bathum, L., Christiansen, L., Dahlgaard, J., Frizner, N., Vach, W., Vaupel, J.W., Christensen, K., and Kruse, T.A.
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- 2004
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3. Measuring the genetic influence in modulating the human life span: gene–environment interaction and the sex-specific genetic effect
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Tan, Qihua, De Benedictis, G., Yashin, A.I., Bonafe, M., DeLuca, M., Valensin, S., Vaupel, J.W., and Franceschi, C.
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- 2001
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4. Supercentenarians: slower ageing individuals or senile elderly?
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Robine, J.-M. and Vaupel, J.W.
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- 2001
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5. Explaining fruit fly longevity
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Kowald, Axel, Kirkwood, Thomas B.L., Robine, J.M., Ritchie, K., Carey, J.R., Curtsinger, J.W., and Vaupel, J.W.
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Mortality -- Research ,Longevity -- Research ,Science and technology ,Research ,Patient outcomes - Abstract
Two recent reports have challenged the notion that death rates automatically increase with age. J. R. Carey et al. (1) studied a large, outbred population of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, [...]
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- 1993
6. Genome-wide linkage analysis for human longevity: Genetics of Healthy Aging Study
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Beekman, M., Blanche, H., Perola, M., Hervonen, A., Bezrukov, V., Sikora, E., Flachsbart, F., Christiansen, L., Craen, A.J.M. de, Kirkwood, T.B.L., Rea, I.M., Poulain, M., Robine, J.M., Valensin, S., Stazi, M.A., Passarino, G., Deiana, L., Gonos, E.S., Paternoster, L., Sorensen, T.I.A., Tan, Q.H., Helmer, Q., Akker, E.B. van den, Deelen, J., Martella, F., Cordell, H.J., Ayers, K.L., Vaupel, J.W., Tornwall, O., Johnson, T.E., Schreiber, S., Lathrop, M., Skytthe, A., Westendorp, R.G.J., Christensen, K., Gampe, J., Nebel, A., Houwing-Duistermaat, J.J., Slagboom, P.E., Franceschi, C., GEHA Consortium, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d’Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain [Paris] (CEPH), National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Tampere School of Public Health, Institute of Gerontology [Kiev], Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Newcastle University [Newcastle], The Queen’s University of Belfast, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), University of Bologna, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute NHRF, National Hellenic Research Foundation, University of Bristol [Bristol], Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Odense University Hospital (OUH), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Colorado [Boulder], Leiden University Medical Centre [Leyde, Pays-Bas], Leiden University, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands, Institute for Ageing and Health, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Sassari, Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, and Institute for Behavioral Genetics
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Aging ,Genetic Linkage ,APOE gene ,Genome-wide association study ,Association analysis ,Human familial longevity ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins ,Cluster Analysis ,Nonagenarian sibling pairs ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,Longevity ,Chromosome Mapping ,Middle Aged ,Europe ,genome-wide linkage analysis ,association analysis ,nonagenarian sibling pairs ,apoe gene ,human familial longevity ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Apolipoproteins E ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Genetic linkage ,Humans ,Allele ,Alleles ,Aged ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ,Apolipoprotein C-I ,Genome, Human ,Siblings ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Heritability ,Apoe gene ,Genetic Loci ,Human genome ,Lod Score ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ,Genome-wide linkage analysis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Clear evidence exists for heritability of humanlongevity, and much interest is focused on identifying genes associated with longer lives. To identify such longevity alleles, we performed the largest genome-wide linkage scan thus far reported. Linkage analyses included 2118nonagenarian Caucasian sibling pairs that have been enrolled in 15 study centers of 11 European countries as part of the Genetics of Healthy Aging (GEHA) project. In the joint linkage analyses, we observed four regions that show linkage with longevity; chromosome 14q11.2 (LOD = 3.47), chromosome 17q12-q22 (LOD = 2.95), chromosome 19p13.3-p13.11 (LOD = 3.76), and chromosome 19q13.11-q13.32 (LOD = 3.57). To fine map these regions linked to longevity, we performed association analysis using GWAS data in a subgroup of 1228 unrelated nonagenarian and 1907 geographically matched controls. Using a fixed-effect meta-analysis approach, rs4420638 at the TOMM40/ APOE/APOC1 gene locus showed significant association with longevity (P-value = 9.6 × 10 -8). By combined modeling of linkage and association, we showed that association of longevity with APOEe4 and APOEe2 alleles explain the linkage at 19q13.11-q13.32 with P-value = 0.02 and P-value = 1.0 × 10 -5, respectively. In the largest linkage scan thus far performed for human familial longevity, we confirm that the APOE locus is a longevity gene and that additional longevity loci may be identified at 14q11.2, 17q12-q22, and 19p13.3-p13.11. As the latter linkage results are not explained by common variants, we suggest that rare variants play an important role in human familial longevity.
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- 2013
7. Species of Evidence of Exceptional Longevity
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Jeune, B., Vaupel, J.W., Jeune, B., and Vaupel, J.W., red.
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- 1999
8. Extreme longevity in a family:a report of multiple centenarians within a single generation
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Vaupel, J.W., Alpert, L, Desjardins, Bertrand, Perls, Thomas T, Jeune, B., and Vaupel, J.W.
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- 1999
9. The heritability of telomere length among the elderly and oldest-old
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Bischoff, Claus, Graakjær, Jesper, Petersen, H.C., Hjelmborg, J.V.B., Vaupel, J.W., Bohr, Vilhelm, Kølvraa, Steen, and Christensen, Kaare
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Humans ,Female ,Models, Theoretical ,Telomere ,Genetics (clinical) ,Aged - Abstract
A tight link exists between telomere length and both population doublings of a cell culture and age of a given organism. The more population doublings of the cell culture or the higher the age of the organism, the shorter the telomeres. The proposed model for telomere shortening, called the end replication problem, explains why the telomere erodes at each cellular turnover. Telomere length is regulated by a number of associated proteins through a number of different signaling pathways. The determinants of telomere length were studied using whole blood samples from 287 twin pairs aged 73 to 95 years. Structural equation models revealed that a model including additive genetic effects and non- shared environment was the best fitting model and that telomere length was moderately heritable, with an estimate that was sensitive to the telomere length standardization procedure. Sex-specific analyses showed lower heritability in males, although not statistically significant, which is in line with our earlier finding of a sex difference in telomere dynamics among the elderly and oldest-old.
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- 2005
10. Loss of partner and suicide risks among the oldest old: a population-based register study
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Erlangsen, A., Jeune, B., Bille-Brahe, U., and Vaupel, J.W.
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- 2004
11. Age trajectories of genetic variance in physical functioning:A longitudinal study of Danish twins aged 70 years and older
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Christensen, K., Frederiksen, H., Vaupel, J.W., and McGue, M.
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Genetic-evolutionary theories of aging predict that the genetic variance for fitness traits increases with age, while epidemiological-gerontological theories predict an increase in the environmental variance for most traits. In this study we examine the age trajectories of the genetic and environmental variance in physical functioning in a sample of 4731 Danish twins aged 70+ who are being followed longitudinally every second year with up to four assessments completed. A biometric growth model (Neale and McArdle, 2000) was applied to a validated physical ability score. The model included an overall level effect, a rate of linear change effect, and residual effects. The best-fitting model was a sex-specific model including additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors affecting level and rate of change and only nonshared environmental factors affecting the wave-specific levels. For both sexes there is an approximate doubling of both the total variance and the genetic variance in the physical ability score over the four waves and, hence, a rather stable heritability. However, the heritability is approximately .10 for males and .30 for females in all four waves. The heritability of level and slope showed a similar pattern: .11–14 in males and .35–.39 in females. The increase in both additive genetic variance and environmental variance is in agreement with genetic-evolutionary and epidemiological-gerontological theories of aging, respectively. The present study suggests that overall level of strength may be a better phenotype for future molecular genetic studies on physical functioning in the elderly than rate of change, because rate of change is vulnerable to sample attrition due to mortality and dropout and because four waves were needed to be able to detect a heritability for rate of change of the same magnitude as the heritability for level of physical functioning.
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- 2003
12. Major genetic susceptibility for venous thromboembolism in men: a study of Danish twins
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Larsen, T.B., Sørensen, H.T., Skytthe, A., Johnsen, S.P., Vaupel, J.W., and Christensen, K.
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- 2003
13. Ageing. It's never too late
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Vaupel, J.W., Carey, R., and Christensen, K.
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- 2003
14. The influences on human longevity by HUMTHO1.STR polymorphism (Tyrosine Hydroxylase gene):A relative risk approach
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Tan, Q., Bellizzi, D., Rose, G., Garasto, S., Franceschi, C., Kruse, T., Vaupel, J.W., De Benedictis, G., and Yashin, A.I.
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A new method based on the recently developed relative risk approach is introduced, and applied to data from Italian centenarian study (965 subjects aged from 13 to 109 years old) for investigating influences on longevity by Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) gene variability. The strategic parameterization enables the model to disentangle the various ways by which HUMTHO1.STR alleles (alleles 6, 7, 8, 9, 10*, 10, as defined according to the number of repeats) may contribute in reducing or increasing the hazard of death with different patterns of influences. Among all the alleles, we have found that allele 10* (10 imperfect repeats) shows a remarkable dominant and beneficial effect that reduces the log hazard of death in an additive manner. The results confirm that HUMTHO1.STR polymorphism is involved in the modulation of human longevity.
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- 2002
15. Functional capacity and self-rated health in 2,262 nonagenarians:The Danish 1905 cohort Survey
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Nybo, H., Gaist, D., Jeune, B., Bathum, L., McGue, M., Vaupel, J.W., Christensen, K., and m.fl.
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Male ,Gerontology ,Self-Assessment ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Denmark ,Health Status ,Personal Satisfaction ,Cohort Studies ,Danish ,Residence Characteristics ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Activities of Daily Living ,Humans ,Medicine ,Disabled Persons ,Mortality ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,Self-rated health ,Aged, 80 and over ,Marital Status ,business.industry ,Public health ,Health Surveys ,humanities ,language.human_language ,Preferred walking speed ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Cohort ,language ,Educational Status ,Female ,Functional status ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,business ,Attitude to Health ,Lower mortality ,human activities ,Cohort study - Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: May OBJECTIVES: To describe the functional capacity and self‐rated health of a large cohort of nonagenarians.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional survey of all Danes born in 1905 (92–93 years of age), carried out August to October 1998.SETTING: Participants' homes.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand two hundred and sixty‐two nonagenarians, corresponding to a participation rate of 63% (of these, 20% participated by proxy).MEASUREMENTS: Activities of daily living (ADLs) and self‐rated health were assessed by interview. Five items from Katz's ADLs (bathing, dressing, transfer, toileting, and eating) were used to construct a three‐level five‐item ADL scale (not disabled (no disabilities), moderately disabled (1–2 disabilities), severely disabled (3–5 disabilities)). From responses to a more extensive list of questions on ADLs (26 items), we identified scales of strength and agility by means of factor analysis. Furthermore, a 26‐item ADL scale was made. Physical performance tests (chair stand, timed walk, lifting a 2.7 kg box, maximum grip‐strength, and flexibility tests) were performed among nonproxy responders.RESULTS: According to the five‐item ADL scale, 50% of the men and 41% of the women were categorized as not disabled, while 19% and 22%, respectively, were categorized as severely disabled. The five‐item ADL scale correlated highly with the 26‐item ADL scale (r = 0.83). The ADL scales showed moderate‐to‐good correlation with each other (r = 0.74–0.83), and with the physical performance tests (r = 0.31–0.58). Only 3.7% of the women and 6.3% of the men walked (normal pace) with a speed of at least 1 meter per second, which is the minimum walking speed required to cross signaled intersections in Denmark. A total of 56% considered their health to be excellent or good. Of the participants, 74% were always or almost always satisfied with their lives, even though only 45% reported that they “felt well enough to do what they wanted.” The analyses showed that no single ADL item seemed to be of particular importance for how the participants rated their health.CONCLUSION: The Danish 1905 cohort survey is the largest and the only nationwide survey of a whole birth‐cohort of nonagenarians. A total of 2,262 fairly nonselected nonagenarians participated. The level of both self‐reported disability and functional limitations measured by physical performance tests among nonagenarians was high. Despite their lower mortality, women were more disabled than men and did not perform as well as men in the physical performance tests. Nevertheless, the majority of the participants considered their health to be good and were satisfied with their lives.
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- 2001
16. A logistic regression model for measuring gene-longevity associations
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Tan, Q., Yashin, A.I., De Benedictis, G., Cintolesi, F., Rose, G., Bonafe, M., Francheschi, C., Vach, W., and Vaupel, J.W.
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The logistic regression model is a popular model for data analysis in epidemiological research. In this paper, we use this model to analyze genetic data collected from gene–longevity association studies. This new approach models the probability of observing one genotype as a function of the age of investigated individuals. Applying the model to genotype data on the TH and 3′ApoB‐VNTR loci collected from an Italian centenarian study, we show how it can be used to model the different ways that genes affect survival, including sex‐ and age‐specific influences. We highlight the advantages of this application over other available models. The application of the model to empirical data indicates that it is an efficient and easily applicable approach for determining the influences of genes on human longevity.
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- 2001
17. Demography and its Relation to Other Disciplines YYYY No org found YYY
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Vaupel, J.W., Kohler, H-P., and Zdenék P., null
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- 2000
18. NIA Aging and Genetic Epidemiology Working Group:Genetic Epidemiologic Studies on Age-Specified Traits
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Hadley, E.C., Albert, S.M., Bailey-Wilson, J., Baron, J., Cawthon, R., Christian, J.C., Corder, E.H., Franceschi, C., Kestenbaum, B., Kruglyak, L., Lauderdale, D., Lubitz, J., Martin, G.M., McClearn, G.E., McGue, M., Miles, T., Mineau, G., Ouellette, Pedersen, N.L., Preston, S.H., Page, W.F., Province, Schächter, F., Schork, N.J., and Vaupel, J.W. m.fl.
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This commentary calls attention to the value of combining genetic and epidemiologic methods in studies to understand the determinants of two crucial aspects of aging: ages at which certain outcomes (e.g., disease, mortality) occur and rates of change with age of individual's characteristics (e.g., physiologic functions, disease risk factors). Inclusion of age in the specification of traits in genetic epidemiologic studies could lead to improved strategies to increase healthy life expectancy and evaluate individuals' risk for age-related morbidity. Special issues that make genetic epidemiologic approaches important for studies of age-specified phenomena as well as opportunities and challenges for such studies are discussed, including study designs, sampling frames, databases, analytic tools, and related methodological issues. This commentary is based on a report prepared by the Aging and Genetic Epidemiology Working Group, convened by the National Institute on Aging to review opportunities for research on the genetic epidemiology of aging-related outcomes
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- 2000
19. Unobserved Population Heterogeneity
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Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I.
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- 1999
20. Genetics of Disability and Other Chronic Conditions YYYY No org found YYY:A Bivariate Model of Debilitation and Survival
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Iachine, I.A., Yashin, A.I., Christensen, K., and Vaupel, J.W.
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- 1999
21. Chronological aging-independent replicative life span regulation by Msn2/Msn4 and Sod2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Fabrizio, P., Pletcher, S.D., Minois, N., Vaupel, J.W., and Longo, V.D.
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GENETIC mutation ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,SUPEROXIDES ,GENETIC transcription - Abstract
Mutations in RAS2, CYR1, and SCH9 extend the chronological life span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by activating stress-resistance transcription factors and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2). Here we show that mutations in CYR1 and SCH9 also extend the replicative life span of individual yeast mother cells. However, the triple deletion of stress-resistance genes MSN2/MSN4 and RIM15, which causes a major decrease in chronological life span, extends replicative life span. Similarly, the overexpression of superoxide dismutases, which extends chronological survival, shortens the replicative life span and prevents budding in 30–40% of virgin mother cells. These results suggest that stress-resistance transcription factors Msn2/Msn4 negatively regulate budding and the replicative life span in part by increasing SOD2 expression. The role of superoxide dismutases and of other stress-resistance proteins in extending the chronological life span of yeast, worms, and flies indicates that the negative effect of Sod2, Msn2/Msn4/Rim15 on the replicative life span of S. cerevisiae is independent of aging. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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22. Mortality of the Oldest Old
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Vaupel, J.W.
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- 2001
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23. Influence of Demographic Patterns on Human Response to Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: Heterogeneity Factors
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Yashin, A.I., Bernstein, A.J., and Vaupel, J.W.
- Abstract
It is generally accepted that the risk of disease and death vary markedly by age and sex. However, there are also inherited and acquired factors that cause vast differences in human susceptibility to many pollutant exposures. Most people are less familiar with this wide range of heterogeneity precipitated by genetic make-up, life style, occupation, nutrition, residence location, etc. The combined role of these many heterogeneity factors is often underestimated. Yet they are the major factors that determine the evolution of mortality and morbidity patterns within a population. In this paper, we examine a variety of heterogeneities present in environmental pollutant susceptibilities, briefly look at how attempts to recognize heterogeneity have played a role in efforts to regulate pollutants, consider how likely shifts in the composition of population may affect morbidity and mortality rates affected by environmental pollution, discuss how indirect heterogeneity factors can lead to additional complications in interpretations of pollution-related mortality statistics, and offer several suggestive models of heterogeneous susceptibility.
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- 1985
24. Passage to Methuselah: Some Demographic Consequences of Continued Progress Against Mortality
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Vaupel, J.W. and Gowan, A.E.
- Abstract
Suppose progress continues to be made in reducing mortality rates at all ages. What impact would this progress have on the size and age composition of the U.S. population? The supposition that mortality rates will continue to fall is admittedly questionable. The view popularized by James F. Fries is that "the median natural human life span is set at a maximum of 85 years with a standard error of less than one year" (Fries and Crapo, 1981). Paul Demeny, in making long-term population forecasts for the World Bank, assumes that even by the year 2100 there will be no country with a life expectancy above 82.5 years. Demeny notes that in some countries life expectancy seems to be slowly decreasing. The possibility of a general decline in life expectancy cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, as Demeny points out, "the upper limit to life expectancy" of 82.5 years "may yield to technological changes in medicine and to changes in life styles, perhaps even within the next few decades" (Demeny, 1984). As documented by Crimmins (1981), remarkably rapid progress in reducing mortality rates was made in the United States from 1968 to 1977. This progress has continued and even accelerated from 1977 to 1983. At most ages, including older ages, mortality rates over the last decade have been declining at a rate of one or two percent per year. Hope that this progress might continue is butressed by recent advances in the biological, medical, and gerontological sciences. The life sciences appear to be poised at roughly the point the physical sciences were a century ago and breakthroughs comparable to electricity, automobiles, television, and computers may be forthcoming in the areas of genetic engineering, prevention and treatment of such diseases as atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes, and perhaps understanding and control of the process of aging itself (see, e.g. Walford (1983), Bulkley (1983), and Rosenfeld (1976)). In this note, we explore three possibilities: no change in mortality rates, continued progress at two percent per year at all ages, and a radical breakthrough that cuts mortality rates in half in the year 2000. Our focus is on the impact of such scenarios on the size and age composition of the U.S. population. Because our aim is insight and not prediction, we assume that fertility rates stay unchanged and that net migration amounts to zero: these simplifications avoid obscuring the effects of mortality change with fertility or migration change....
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- 1985
25. Debilitation's Aftermath: Stochastic Process Models of Mortality
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Vaupel, J.W., Yashin, A.I., and Manton, K.G.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of stochastic process models of mortality which can explain both selection and debilitation processes in the evolution of cohort mortality. The relative importance of each process is analyzed. The examples of various regimes of mortality evolution are demonstrated.
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- 1986
26. The LEXIS Program for Creating Shaded Contour Maps of Demographic Surfaces
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Gambill, B.A. and Vaupel, J.W.
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The LEXIS computer program, which was developed at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and Duke University, is intended to aid demographers in the analysis of large arrays of data. Its application as a supplement t o other methods of graphic display is demonstrated in 'Thousands of Data at a Glance: Shaded Contour Maps of Demographic Surfaces" (Vaupel, Gambill, and Yashin, 1985) and will not be discussed here. This paper provides instructions on the use of the program, gives some hints concerning the art and craft of using the program in a creative way, and briefly describes the algorithm used in designing the program. A diskette containing a copy of the LEXIS program may be obtained from the authors or from IIASA. The program is copyrighted but the diskette is not protected against copying: please feel free to make and distribute copies. By making the program available to demographers and others interested in mapping the contours of surfaces, we hope to encourage the development of this method of data analysis. We would, of course, sincerely appreciate it if we and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis were acknowledged when the program or some modified version of it is used to produce maps for presentation or publication. Comments and suggestions are welcome!
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- 1985
27. Thousands of Data at a Glance: Shaded Contour Maps of Demographic Surfaces
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Vaupel, J.W., Gambill, B.A., and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
Contour maps are useful for displaying demographic surfaces, including surfaces of population levels and fertility, marriage, and mortality rates. Most often the surfaces are defined over age and time, but other dimensions can be used such as life expectancy or population growth rate. This research report presents a bouquet of contour maps to suggest the broad potential of their use in demographic studies. The maps presented range from maps of Italian mortality, French population levels, and US birth rates, to maps of Coale and Demeny's and Brass's model life tables. The value of the maps lies in their substantive import: by giving demographers visual access to population surfaces, the maps can help demographers uncover and understand population patterns. The text of the research report adumbrates some of these patterns and discusses the use of contour maps in exploratory data analyses and model building, including the use of maps of residuals in fitting models to data.
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- 1987
28. Education at IIASA
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Goodwin, D.G. and Vaupel, J.W.
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This report is a product of a study of current and potential education programs at IIASA conducted by Dianne Goodwin and James Vaupel with the assistance of Olivia Carydias. The study was begun in July 1982 and completed on January 5, 1983. The first section of this report focuses on the Young Scientists Summer Program: the current program is evaluated, several recommendations for incremental improvements are suggested, and a "Summer Roundtable" program that could either supplement or replace the current program is proposed. The second section of this report considers opportunities for offering short courses (of one to three weeks' duration) at IIASA. Two broad options are described. IIASA could initiate a modest program of short courses based on IIASA research projects. In addition, IIASA might launch a program of East/West Colloquia. We considered a long list of options for education at IIASA. Most were easily ruled out based on the criteria we developed or the consensus of opinion we received. This report describes the relatively few remaining options worth further consideration.
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- 1984
29. Mortality in Italy: Contours of a Century of Evolution
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Caselli, G., Vaupel, J.W., and Yashin, A.I.
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Contour maps of Italian male and female mortality rates from age 0 to 79 and from 1870 to 1979 graphically display persistent global and prominent local patterns of mortality, simultaneously over age, by period, and for cohorts. The maps give demographers visual access to previously recognized features of the evolution of Italian mortality as well as focusing attention on some neglected features. Use of contour maps to display various kinds of mortality data, including mortality comparisons, may help demographers better understand the social and biological determinants of mortality.
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- 1985
30. Contour Maps of Demographic Surfaces
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Vaupel, J.W., Gambill, B.A., Yashin, A.I., and Bernstein, A.J.
- Abstract
This paper presents a bouquet of contour maps to suggest the broad potential of their use in demographic studies. Every picture presented could serve as the basis for a thousand words or more of explanation and analysis, but here we merely serve up the maps as illustrations of the method. For an example of how such maps can be used in demographic analysis, see Caselli, Vaupel, and Yashin (1985): Mortality in Italy--Contours of a Century of Evolution (CP-85-24, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria).
- Published
- 1985
31. Mortality and Aging in a Heterogeneous Population: A Stochastic Process Model with Observed and Unobserved Variables
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Yashin, A.I., Manton, K.G., and Vaupel, J.W.
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A number of multivariate stochastic process models have been developed to represent human physiological aging and mortality. In this paper, we extend those efforts by considering the effects of unobserved state variables on the age trajectory of physiological parameters. This is accomplished by deriving the Kolmogorov-Fokker-Planck equations for the distribution of the state variables conditionally on the process of the observed state variables. Proofs are given that this form of the process will preserve the Gaussian properties of the distribution. Strategies for estimating the parameters of the distribution of the unobserved variable are suggested based on an extension of the theory of Kalman filters to include systematic mortality selection. Implications of individual differences on the trajectories of the unobserved process for observed aging changes are discussed as well as the consequences of such modeling for dealing with other types of processes in heterogeneous populations.
- Published
- 1983
32. Concentration Curves and Have-Statistics for Ecological Analysis of Diversity: Part II: Species and Other Diversity
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Goodwin, D.G. and Vaupel, J.W.
- Abstract
The application of concentration curves and have-statistics to studies of dominance and evenness in reproductive success was discussed in Part I of this series of three papers. Concentration curves and have-statistics can also aid ecologists in studies of species diversity and community structure; a start in this direction was made by Patil and Taillie (1979) and Taillie (1979). Essentially, the method is the same as before except that now the "haves" are species rather than individuals and the "hads" are individuals, biomass, caloric intake, etc., rather than an individual's offspring. In addition, concentration curves and have-statistics can be applied to other ecological topics pertaining to variation and inequality, including the temporal or spatial distribution of some resource, such as food supply or rainfall. Various examples, from studies of diatoms, a community of herbaceous plants, a tropical forest, a model of niche preemption, and temporal variation in the breeding of tropical and temperate bird species illustrate this approach.
- Published
- 1985
33. Repeated Resuscitation: How Lifesaving alters Lifetables
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
How does saving lives affect the force of mortality and lifetable statistics? How can the progress being made in reducing the force of mortality be interpreted in terms of lifesaving? How many times can a person expect to have his or her life saved as a result of this progress? We develop a model to answer these questions and illustrate the results using U.S. mortality rates for 1900 and 1980 and as projected for 2050.
- Published
- 1985
34. The Deviant Dynamics of Death in Heterogeneous Populations
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
The members of most populations gradually die off or drop out: people die, machines wear out, residents move out, etc. In many such "aging" populations, some members are more likely to "die" than others. Standard analytical methods largely ignore this heterogeneity; the methods assume that all members of a population at a given age face the same probability of death. This paper presents some mathematical methods for studying how the behavior over time of a heterogeneous population deviates from the behavior of the individuals that make up the population. The methods yield some startling results: individuals age faster than populations, eliminating a cause of death can decrease life expectancy, a population can suffer a higher death rate than another population even though its members have lower death rates, population death rates can be increasing even though its members' death rates are decreasing.
- Published
- 1982
35. Targetting Lifesaving: Demographic Linkages Between Population Structure and Life Expectancy
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
A computer-assisted mathematical modeling method that emphasizes the interaction between analysts and computers is presented. It combines algebraic and graph-theoretic approaches to extract a trade-off between human mental models and models based on the use of data collected from the system under study. The method is oriented to the modeling of the so-called "gray box" systems which often involve human behavioral aspects and also knowledge of the experts in relevant fields. By recursive dialogues with the computer, the modeler finds a system model which can be nonlinear with respect to descriptive variables. The structure of the computer program packages is also presented.
- Published
- 1985
36. Concentration Curves and Have-Statistics for Ecological Analysis of Diversity: Part III: Comparisons of Measures of Diversity
- Author
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Goodwin, D.G. and Vaupel, J.W.
- Abstract
Given the central importance of diversity in ecology and the life sciences more generally, it is not surprising that a variety of methods and measures have been developed to describe and summarize diversity. In the two previous parts of this series of papers, comparisons were drawn between concentration curves and frequency distributions, the most widely used graphical display of variation, and between concentration curves and dominance-diversity curves. This final part of the three paper series compares various statistics that might be used to summarize diversity, with a focus on the usefulness of have-statistics as a supplement to more traditional measures. The first section of our discussion lays out some reasonable criteria and principles that good measures of diversity should satisfy: some traditional measures violate at least one of the criteria; the have-statistics pass the hurdles and have some desirable properties in addition. We then illustrate the use of different measures by way of examples drawn from Howard's studies of bullfrogs (discussed in Part I), the study of species diversity among diatoms (discussed in Part II), an analysis of mating systems of various birds, and a survey of human fertility in 41 countries.
- Published
- 1985
37. The LEXIS Computer Program for Creating Shaded Contour Maps of Demographic Surfaces
- Author
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Gambill, B.A., Vaupel, J.W., and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
The LEXIS computer program, which was developed at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and Duke University, is intended to aid demographers in the analysis of large arrays of data. Its application as a supplement t o other methods of graphic display is demonstrated in Thousands of Data at a GLance: Shaded Contour Maps of PopuLation Surfaces (Vaupel. Gambill, and Yashin, forthcoming) and will not be discussed here. This paper provides instructions on the use of the program, gives some hints concerning the art and craft of using the program in a creative way, and briefly describes the algorithm used in designing the program. A diskette containing a copy of the LEXIS program is enclosed. The program is copyrighted but the diskette is not protected against copying: please feel free to make and distribute copies. By making the program available to demographers and others interested in mapping the contours of surfaces, we hope to encourage the development of this method of data analysis. We would, of course, sincerely appreciate it if we and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis were acknowledged when the program or some modified version of it is used to produce maps for presentation or publication. Comments and suggestions are welcome!
- Published
- 1986
38. Concentration Curves and Have-Statistics for Ecological Analysis of Diversity: Part 1: Dominance and Evenness in Reproductive Success
- Author
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Goodwin, D.G. and Vaupel, J.W.
- Abstract
Concentration curves and a set of summary statistics called have-statistics are useful in ecological analyses of dominance and evenness among individuals in reproductive success. This approach complements, but does not replace, approaches based on frequency distributions and standard summary statistics. Examples are drawn from studies of bullfrogs, red deer, elephant seals, sculpins, fruit flies, and rice weevils, as well as from some theoretical models similar to the Wright-Fisher model of evolutionary genetics.
- Published
- 1985
39. Some General Relationships in Population Dynamics
- Author
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Arthur, W.B. and Vaupel, J.W.
- Abstract
Important recent research by Samuel Preston and Ansley Coale (1982) extends the Lotka system of stable population equations (Lotka 1939) to any population. Here we present an alternative general system and describe its duality with the Preston-Coale system: We derive these results by considering the calculus of change on the surface of population density defined over age and time. We show that analysis of this Lexis surface leads to all the known fundamental relationships of the dynamics of single-region human populations, as well as some interesting new relationships.
- Published
- 1983
40. Marriage and Fertility in China: A Lexis-Surface Analysis
- Author
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Yi, Z., Vaupel, J.W., and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
Patterns of marriage and fertility in China have changed rapidly over the last three decades. Fertility has dramatically declined, especially before age 20 and after age 30. Marriage remains virtually' universal, but the age of first marriage, previously concentrated between ages 16 and 20, has shifted upward to between ages 20 and 25. These trends were sharply punctuated by marriage and fertility booms and slumps associated with the disturbances of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. Thus, strong age, period, and cohort fluctuations, some transient and others persistent, interact to produce a complex mosaic of turbulent demographic change. Coale masterfully analyzed these patterns of change. Here we supplement Coale's analysis by presenting and discussing some shaded contour maps of various surfaces of Chinese marriage and fertility rates. As discussed in detail elsewhere, such maps permit visualization of population surfaces defined over age and time and offer a panoramic view of the interaction of age, period, and cohort variations. Because the use of shaded maps of population surfaces is implicit in one of Lexis' original diagrams, and because the term Lexis surface is increasing being used to refer to surfaces of demographic rates defined over age and time, the shaded contour maps presented here might be called Lexis maps. An early instance of the use of contour maps (without shading) may be found in Delaporte's pioneering comparison of trends in age-specific mortality rates in various European countries. The data used to construct the Lexis maps are from China's one-per-thousand fertility survey conducted in 1982; the total sample size was a bit more than one million. The principle information gathered in the survey, which covered all of China except Tibet, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, comprised detailed marriage and fertility histories of more than 300 thousand women aged 15 to 67, gathered through face-to-face interviews. This information was then used to reconstruct the pattern of age-specific fertility rates in China from 1940 through 1981 and the pattern of age-specific first-marriage rates from 1950 through 1981. For both fertility and first-marriage rates, an urban vs. rural breakdown was also published for 1950 through 1981. Coale and several other analysts have scrutinized the quality of the data and conclude that the data are reasonably reliable and give a generally accurate representation of the evolving age-specific patterns of Chinese marriage and fertility. Coale used the survey data to construct a set of estimates of age-specific proportions of women ever married. We use these estimates, but otherwise the maps we present are based directly on the original data....
- Published
- 1985
41. Cancer Rates over Age, Time and Place: Insights from Stochastic Models of Heterogeneous Populations
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
Individuals at the same age in the same population differ along numerous risk factors that affect their chances of various causes of death. The frail and susceptible tend to die first. This differential selection may partially account for some of the puzzles in cancer epidemiology, including the lack of apparent progress in reducing cancer incidence and mortality rates over time.
- Published
- 1986
42. Contour Maps of Population Surfaces
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W., Gambill, B.A., and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
Contour maps are useful for displaying demographic surfaces, including surfaces of population levels and fertility, marriage, and mortality rates. Most often the surfaces are defined over age and time, but such other dimensions can be used as life expectancy or population growth rate. This paper presents a bouquet of contour maps to suggest the broad potential of their use in demographic studies. The maps presented range from maps of Italian mortality, French population levels, and U.S. birth rates, to maps of Coale and Demeny's and Brass's model life tables. The value of the maps lies in their substantive import: by giving demographers visual access to population surfaces, the maps can help demographers uncover and understand population patterns. The text of the paper adumbrates some of these patterns and discusses the use of contour maps in exploratory data analyses and model building, including the use of maps of residuals in fitting models to data.
- Published
- 1985
43. How Change in Age-Specific Mortality Affects Life Expectancy
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W.
- Subjects
sense organs ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
At current mortality rates, life expectancy is most responsive to change in mortality rates at older ages. Mathematical formulas that describe the linkage between change in age-specific mortality rates and change in life expectancy reveal why. These formulas also shed light on how past progress against mortality has been translated into increases in life expectancy--and on the impact that future progress is likely to have. Furthermore, the mathematics can be adapted to study the effect of mortality change in heterogeneous populations in which those who die at some age would, if saved, have a different life expectancy than those who live.
- Published
- 1985
44. Anna's Life Expectancy
- Author
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Owen, J.M. and Vaupel, J.W.
- Published
- 1985
45. Heterogeneity's Ruses: Some Surprising Effects of Selection on Population Dynamics
- Author
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Vaupel, J.W. and Yashin, A.I.
- Abstract
Heterogeneity is sometimes used as a synonym for variability or diversity; here it has a narrower meaning of variability with respect to mortality (or with respect to attributes of individuals that affect their mortality). This concept of heterogeneity is closely linked with the concept of selection: a heterogeneous population is one in which there is differential mortality and hence one in which selection is occurring. Because of the effects of selection, the patterns of mortality (or exit) in a heterogeneous population can differ qualitatively from the patterns of mortality in the constituent sub-populations. These qualitative differences can be surprising; unsuspecting researchers who are not wary of heterogeneity's ruses may fallaciously assume that observed patterns for the population as a whole also hold on the sub-population or individual level. Such incorrect inferences may produce erroneous policy recommendations, because the effect of an intervention usually depends on the behavior and response of individuals. In addition, because rates for homogeneous groups often follow simpler patterns than composite population rates, both theoretical and empirical research may be unnecessarily complicated by failure to recognize the effects of heterogeneity. The multiplicity of heterogeneity's ruses can be neatly illustrated in the simplest example of a heterogeneous population -- namely, a composite population that consists of two homogeneous sub-populations. It is not difficult to develop models of heterogeneous sub-populations that consist of a very large or infinite number of sub-populations. The ruses illustrated here could have been described in the context of such a model, but for purposes of simplicity and clarity, a focus on the most elementary kind of heterogeneous population seems appropriate. Moreover, it turns out that almost all the distinctive features of heterogeneous populations become apparent as soon as the transition is made from a homogeneous population to a mixed population with two major sub-populations.
- Published
- 1985
46. 17. Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology.
- Author
-
Shkolnikova, M., Kravtsova, L., Shalnova, S., Polyakova, E., Shkolnikov, V., and Vaupel, J.W.
- Abstract
Aim To work out a set of biological parameters, including Holter data (HM) for prediction of individual health among the elderly. The sample of 201 individuals (aged 67-87) was randomly selected from the Moscow Lipid Research Clinics cohort. Protocol included a questionnaire, physical performance tests, and medical examination. Relationships between the health outcomes and biomarkers were estimated. Significant associations were found: [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2005
47. Genes, Demography, and Life Span: The Contribution of Demographic Data in Genetic Studies on Aging and Longevity.
- Author
-
Yashin, A.I., De Benedictis, G., Vaupel, J.W., Tan, Q., Andreev, K.F., Iachine, I.A., Bonafe, M., DeLuca, M., Valensin, S., Carotenuto, L., and Franceschi, C.
- Subjects
- *
GENOTYPE-environment interaction , *DEMOGRAPHY , *GENETICS of longevity , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Examines the relation between genes, demography and life span. Contribution of demographic data in genetic studies on aging and longevity; Calculation of the hazard rates, relative risks and survival functions for respective genotypes; Methods of combining genetic and demographic information.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Design, recruitment, logistics, and data management of the GEHA (Genetics of Healthy Ageing) project
- Author
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C. Gilbault, G. Pelicci, Marian Beekman, Axel Skytthe, Serena Dato, A. Skouteri, Konstantinos Voutetakis, Luca Deiana, Ciriaco Carru, Ewa Sikora, Claudio Franceschi, Friederike Flachsbart, Leena Peltonen, James W. Vaupel, P. Laiho, Joanna Collerton, V. Bezrukov, Stefan Schreiber, Michel Poulain, Karen Davies, Irene Maeve Rea, Mikko Hurme, Giuseppe Passarino, Federica Sevini, Katarzyna Broczek, Outi Törnwall, Antti Hervonen, Elisa Cevenini, Hélène Blanché, Bernard Jeune, Maria Scurti, Rodolfo Cotichini, Jean-Marie Robine, Erica Haimes, A.J.M. de Craen, Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, R. Masciulli, José Remacle, Lene Christiansen, Dorota Janiszewska, F. Balard, Almut Nebel, A. Leon, P.E. Slagboom, Lars Bolund, A. Marchisio, Liana Spazzafumo, Marja Jylhä, Virgilia Toccaceli, G. De Benedictis, Markus Perola, Olivier Toussaint, Jutta Gampe, M A Stazi, Silvana Valensin, Peter Kristensen, Kaare Christensen, Efstathios S. Gonos, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Laboratoire Lorrain de Sciences Sociales (2L2S), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Institute of Gerontology [Kiev], Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d’Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain [Paris] (CEPH), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Institute of Human Genetics [Aarhus], Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Odense University Hospital (OUH), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Universiteit Leiden, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), National Hellenic Research Foundation [Athens], Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere [Finland], University of Aarhus, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Research Innovation [Italy], IFOM Institute of Milan, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Eppendorf Array Technologies, CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), European Project: 26813,GEHA, University of Bologna, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], University of Calabria, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Skytthe A., Valensin S., Jeune B., Cevenini E., Balard F., Beekman M., Bezrukov V., Blanche H., Bolund L., Broczek K., Carru C., Christensen K., Christiansen L., Collerton J.C., Cotichini R., de Craen A.J., Dato S., Davies K., De Benedictis G., Deiana L., Flachsbart F., Gampe J., Gilbault C., Gonos E.S., Haimes E., Hervonen A., Hurme M.A., Janiszewska D., Jylha M., Kirkwood T.B., Kristensen P., Laiho P., Leon A., Marchisio A., Masciulli R., Nebel A., Passarino G., Pelicci G., Peltonen L., Perola M., Poulain M., Rea I.M., Remacle J., Robine J.M., Schreiber S., Scurti M., Sevini F., Sikora E., Skouteri A., Slagboom P.E., Spazzafumo L., Stazi M.A., Toccaceli V., Toussaint O., Tornwall O., Vaupel J.W., Voutetakis K., Franceschi C., GEHA consortium [Pini Elisa, Palmas Maria Giustina, Panourgia Maria Panagiota], balard, frédéric, and GEnetics for Healthy Aging - GEHA - 26813 - OLD
- Subjects
Research design ,Gerontology ,Male ,Questionnaires ,Aging ,Genetic Linkage ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Genome-wide association study ,Biochemistry ,Nonagenarian sib pairs ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Cognition ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,80 and over ,Medicine ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,Genetics ,Aged, 80 and over ,0303 health sciences ,Life style ,Longevity ,Middle Aged ,HEALTHY AGING ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Europe ,Research Design ,Extreme longevity tracking ,Female ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Healthy ageing ,Humans ,Family ,Molecular Biology ,Life Style ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetic association ,Aged ,nonagenarian sib pair ,business.industry ,Patient Selection ,Cell Biology ,Multicenter study ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
In 2004, the integrated European project GEHA (Genetics of Healthy Ageing) was initiated with the aim of identifying genes involved in healthy ageing and longevity. The first step in the project was the recruitment of more than 2500 pairs of siblings aged 90years or more together with one younger control person from 15 areas in 11 European countries through a coordinated and standardised effort. A biological sample, preferably a blood sample, was collected from each participant, and basic physical and cognitive measures were obtained together with information about health, life style, and family composition. From 2004 to 2008 a total of 2535 families comprising 5319 nonagenarian siblings were identified and included in the project. In addition, 2548 younger control persons aged 50-75years were recruited. A total of 2249 complete trios with blood samples from at least two old siblings and the younger control were formed and are available for genetic analyses (e.g. linkage studies and genome-wide association studies). Mortality follow-up improves the possibility of identifying families with the most extreme longevity phenotypes. With a mean follow-up time of 3.7years the number of families with all participating siblings aged 95years or more has increased by a factor of 5 to 750 families compared to when interviews were conducted. Thus, the GEHA project represents a unique source in the search for genes related to healthy ageing and longevity. In 2004, the integrated European project GEHA (Genetics of Healthy Ageing) was initiated with the aim of identifying genes involved in healthy ageing and longevity. The first step in the project was the recruitment of more than 2500 pairs of siblings aged 90years or more together with one younger control person from 15 areas in 11 European countries through a coordinated and standardised effort. A biological sample, preferably a blood sample, was collected from each participant, and basic physical and cognitive measures were obtained together with information about health, life style, and family composition. From 2004 to 2008 a total of 2535 families comprising 5319 nonagenarian siblings were identified and included in the project. In addition, 2548 younger control persons aged 50-75years were recruited. A total of 2249 complete trios with blood samples from at least two old siblings and the younger control were formed and are available for genetic analyses (e.g. linkage studies and genome-wide association studies). Mortality follow-up improves the possibility of identifying families with the most extreme longevity phenotypes. With a mean follow-up time of 3.7years the number of families with all participating siblings aged 95years or more has increased by a factor of 5 to 750 families compared to when interviews were conducted. Thus, the GEHA project represents a unique source in the search for genes related to healthy ageing and longevity.
- Published
- 2011
49. Genetics of healthy aging in Europe: the EU-integrated project GEHA (GEnetics of Healthy Aging)
- Author
-
Olivier Toussaint, Bernard Jeune, Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, M A Stazi, James W. Vaupel, P.E. Slagboom, Hélène Blanché, Michel Poulain, Jean-Marie Robine, Ewa Sikora, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Antti Hervonen, Lars Bolund, V. Bezrukov, Liana Spazzafumo, Irene Maeve Rea, A. Leon, Luca Deiana, José Remacle, Huanning Yang, Stefan Schreiber, Peter Kristensen, Kaare Christensen, Efsthatios Gonos, Giovanna De Benedictis, Claudio Franceschi, Leena Peltonen, Franceschi C., Bezrukov V., Blanché H., Bolund L., Christensen K., de Benedictis G., Deiana L., Gonos E., Hervonen A., Yang H., Jeune B., Kirkwood T.B., Kristensen P., Leon A., Pelicci P.G., Peltonen L., Poulain M., Rea I.M., Remacle J., Robine J.M., Schreiber S., Sikora E., Slagboom P.E., Spazzafumo L., Stazi M.A., Toussaint O., and Vaupel J.W.
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Aging ,Genetic Linkage ,Genomics ,Biology ,Genetic analysis ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Models, Biological ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Genetic linkage ,Molecular genetics ,Genotype ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Animals ,Humans ,European Union ,European union ,media_common ,Aged ,Genetics ,Aged, 80 and over ,Genome ,Models, Genetic ,General Neuroscience ,Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping ,Linkage (Genetics) ,Middle Aged ,Europe - Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2007-Apr The aim of the 5-year European Union (EU)-Integrated Project GEnetics of Healthy Aging (GEHA), constituted by 25 partners (24 from Europe plus the Beijing Genomics Institute from China), is to identify genes involved in healthy aging and longevity, which allow individuals to survive to advanced old age in good cognitive and physical function and in the absence of major age-related diseases. To achieve this aim a coherent, tightly integrated program of research that unites demographers, geriatricians, geneticists, genetic epidemiologists, molecular biologists, bioinfomaticians, and statisticians has been set up. The working plan is to: (a) collect DNA and information on the health status from an unprecedented number of long-lived 90+ sibpairs (n = 2650) and of younger ethnically matched controls (n = 2650) from 11 European countries; (b) perform a genome-wide linkage scannning in all the sibpairs (a total of 5300 individuals); this investigation will be followed by linkage disequilibrium mapping (LD mapping) of the candidate chromosomal regions; (c) study in cases (i.e., the 2650 probands of the sibpairs) and controls (2650 younger people), genomic regions (chromosome 4, D4S1564, chromosome 11, 11.p15.5) which were identified in previous studies as possible candidates to harbor longevity genes; (d) genotype all recruited subjects for apoE polymorphisms; and (e) genotype all recruited subjects for inherited as well as epigenetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The genetic analysis will be performed by 9 high-throughput platforms, within the framework of centralized databases for phenotypic, genetic, and mtDNA data. Additional advanced approaches (bioinformatics, advanced statistics, mathematical modeling, functional genomics and proteomics, molecular biology, molecular genetics) are envisaged to identify the gene variant(s) of interest. The experimental design will also allow (a) to identify gender-specific genes involved in healthy aging and longevity in women and men stratified for ethnic and geographic origin and apoE genotype; (b) to perform a longitudinal survival study to assess the impact of the identified genetic loci on 90+ people mortality; and (c) to develop mathematical and statistical models capable of combining genetic data with demographic characteristics, health status, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits.
- Published
- 2007
50. Introduction:Collecting Biological Indicators in Household Surveys
- Author
-
Finch, C.E., J.W., Vaupel, Finch, C.E., Vaupel, J.W., and Kinsella, K.
- Published
- 2000
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