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Objective: To culturally adapt and validate the Italian version of the Shoulder Instability—Return to Sport after Injury (SI-RSI-I) scale. Methods: The SI-RSI-I was developed by adapting the Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Return to Sport Index—Italian version and replacing the term "knee" with "shoulder." Subsequently, it underwent validation following COSMIN recommendations. The study involved athletic participants who experienced SI. They completed the SI-RSI-I together with other measurement instruments: Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Score, EuroQol-5D-5L, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The following psychometric properties were investigated: structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, measurement error, and construct validity. Results: The study included 101 participants (age mean [SD] 28.5 [7.4] y; 83 males, 18 females). The SI-RSI-I showed a single-factor structure, excellent internal consistency (α =.935), and excellent test–retest reliability (ICC =.926; 95% CI,.853–.964). The standard error of measurement was 6.1 points, and the minimal detectable change was 17.0 points. Furthermore, SI-RSI-I demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with all reference scales, confirming 8 out of 9 (88.0%) hypotheses, thus establishing satisfactory construct validity. Conclusion: The SI-RSI-I has demonstrated robust internal consistency, reliability, validity, and feasibility as a valuable scale for assessing psychological readiness to return to sport in Italian athletes with SI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscle and tendon injuries encompass a wide range of conditions, including both acute and chronic ailments, and are common among athletes, representing a significant cause of injuries in various sports. Frequently affected areas include the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors. Concurrently, tendinopathy presents a complex clinical challenge, affecting a majority of athletes due to high load demands and repetitive movements, with its incidence in sports practice increasing over the last decades to account for up to 30% of all injuries. The substantial costs, both in terms of time away from competition and financial loss, have spurred growing scientific interest in therapies that can enhance the healing process of these injuries. In this context, innovative orthobiologic approaches, particularly platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been explored for their potential to facilitate the return-to-play phase and reduce the risk of reinjury by modulating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of orthobiologics in the management of sports-related muscle and tendon injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscle injuries and subsequent reinjuries significantly impact athletes, especially in football. These injuries lead to time loss, performance impairment, and long-term health concerns. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of muscle reinjuries, delving into their epidemiology, risk factors, clinical management, and prevention strategies. Despite advancements in rehabilitation programs and return-to-play criteria, reinjury rates remain alarmingly high. Age and previous muscle injuries are nonmodifiable risk factors contributing to a high reinjury rate. Clinical management, which involves accurate diagnosis, individualized rehabilitation plans, and the establishment of return-to-training and return-to-play criteria, plays a pivotal role during the sports season. Eccentric exercises, optimal loading, and training load monitoring are key elements in preventing reinjuries. The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting and preventing reinjuries offers a promising avenue, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing these injuries. While current strategies offer some mitigation, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions, possibly leveraging AI, to reduce the incidence of muscle reinjuries in football players. Future research should focus on this direction, aiming to enhance athletes' well-being and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate validity and responsiveness of the Degree of Shoulder Involvement in Sport (DOSIS) scale.Methods: A web-based survey was developed to test the construct validity of the DOSIS scale. Fifty-three patients with a median age of 33 years (range 17-59) were included in the study. Convergent validity was evaluated by external correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, r) of the DOSIS with the Brophy-Marx and Tegner activity scales, the Western Ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI), the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Responsiveness was analysed by relative efficiency calculation of the DOSIS versus the Brophy-Marx and Tegner activity scales.Results: The DOSIS showed strong correlation with the Brophy-Marx and Tegner activity scales, a moderate correlation with the WOSI and SST scores, and a moderate correlation with the physical functioning, role physical and role emotional subscores of the SF-36. The distribution of the DOSIS scores had no serious ceiling or floor effects. The DOSIS demonstrated lesser responsiveness when compared to the Brophy-Marx and Tegner activity scales.Conclusion: The DOSIS showed an adequate validity and responsiveness. The clinical relevance of this study is that the DOSIS scale can be used for sport-specific shoulder assessment in patients after surgery for anterior instability.Level Of Evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of a new arthroscopic Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implant (MACI) technique with carbon dioxide insufflation utilized to improve visualization during the dry phase of the scaffold implant.Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, thirty patients were treated for symptomatic focal chondral lesions of the medial femoral condyle. All patients were monitored during surgery for gas embolism signs and symptoms and were evaluated preoperatively and at a median follow-up of 70.5 months (range 48-93 months) using the KOOS subjective evaluation score, the Lysholm function score, the Tegner activity scale for the knee, and the IKDC objective score.Results: No cases of intraoperative or postoperative symptoms or signs related to gas embolism or persistent subcutaneous emphysema were registered. Each subscale of the KOOS subjective score improved from preoperative to follow-up. The median Lysholm score was 50 (range 15-66) at baseline and 87.5 (range 54-100) at follow-up (p < 0.05). The median Tegner score was 2 (range 1-4) at baseline to 5 (range 2-7) at follow-up (p < 0.05).Conclusions: No complications registered, and the satisfactory clinical results achieved in this series suggest that carbon dioxide insufflation during arthroscopic MACI is a safe and accessible option to improve visualization during the dry phase of the scaffold implant on medial femoral condyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This study aims to adapt the Tegner Activity Scale (TAS) to Italian language and establish its reliability and validity in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It was hypnotized the Italian version of the TAS have acceptable psychometric properties for use with the Italian population. Methods. This is an observational multicenter study. The Tegner Activity Scale was translated and culturally adapted according to the Beaton guidelines. A web-based survey was conducted to evaluate the construct validity: 62 patients were included in the study. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) between the TAS and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) subscales and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) was used to evaluate construct validity. The patients completed the TAS again one week after their first submission, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to calculate the test-retest reliability. Results. The correlation coefficient showed moderate correlation with the SF-36 Physical Function domain (r = 0.41; p = 0.001) and weak correlation with the IKDC (r = 0.3; p = 0.02). Correlations with the other SF-36 subscales were very weak and not statistically significant. Test-retest reliability (0.68, 95%CI 0.43-0.83) ranged from good to excellent. Conclusions. The Italian version of the Tegner Activity Scale is a valid instrument to assess a patient's level of sporting activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Cultural adaptation of this scale is fundamental to make this instrument comparable throughout scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose  To evaluate the relationship between kinesiophobia and patient's return to sport after shoulder stabilization surgery. The hypothesis was that kinesiophobia represents an independent factor correlated to the difference between preinjury and postoperative level of sport. Methods  This study retrospectively evaluated 66 patients (mean age: 35.5, standard deviation [SD] = 9.9 years) and at a mean follow-up of 61.1 (SD = 37.5) months after arthroscopic Bankart's repair or open Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Kinesiophobia was assessed with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK); return to the preinjury sport was assessed by the difference between baseline and postoperative degree of shoulder involvement in sport (D-DOSIS) scale. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) was used to evaluate participants' perceptions of shoulder function. Results  TSK showed correlation with D-DOSIS ( ρ  = 0.505, p <  0.001) and the WOSI score ( ρ  = 0.589, p  < 0.001). There was significant difference in TSK and WOSI scores between participants who had and had not returned to their previous level of sport participation ( p  = 0.006, and 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion  This study demonstrated that kinesiophobia is correlated to the return to sport after shoulder stabilization surgery. Level of Evidence  Level IV, retrospective case series., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None declared., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).)

The optimal treatment and the best rehabilitation protocol after an acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remain a matter of controversy in orthopaedic and sports medicine. The use of validated injury-specific outcome instruments is the only way to clarify these issues, in order to ensure that patients receive the best possible treatment. This article describes the most commonly reported outcome measures used to assess patients treated for ATR. On the basis of the available evidence, the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) is the most appropriate outcome measure for evaluating the management of acute ATR.

Purpose: the purpose of this retrospective study was to present the outcomes of three different techniques for the treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations: arthroscopic TightRope (TR), arthroscopic GraftRope (GR), and open reconstruction of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS)., Methods: eighteen patients underwent clinical and radiological evaluations after a mean follow-up time of 43 months. The following clinical outcome measures were considered: the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome measure (DASH), the Nottingham Clavicle Score (NCS), and the Constant score (CS). On X-rays, the CC distance was measured., Results: the median DASH score at follow-up was 12.5 in the TR group, 5 in the GR group, and 4.2 in the LARS group. The median NCS value was 88 in the TR group, 88 in the GR group, and 91 in the LARS group. The median CS was 100 in the TR group, 95 in the GR group, and 94.5 in the LARS group. The mean CC distance was 10.3 mm in the TR group, 13.8 in the GR group, and 16.6 in the LARS group., Conclusions: all three techniques proved to be reliable in providing good clinical outcomes, although none of the studied techniques demonstrated reliability in maintaining anatomical reduction after surgery., Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.