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227 results on '"VARIATION TEMPORELLE"'

1. Softwood biochar and greenhouse gas emissions: a field study over three growing seasons on a temperate agricultural soil.

Author: Jiang, Runshan W., Mechler, Meaghan A. A., and Oelbermann, Maren
Subjects: GREENHOUSE gases, BIOCHAR, NITROGEN fertilizers, AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZERS, SOIL amendments
Abstract: Copyright of Canadian Journal of Soil Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2022
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2. Seasonal variation in an acid mine drainage microbial community.

Author: Auld, Ryan R., Mykytczuk, Nadia C.S., Leduc, Leo G., and Merritt, Thomas J.S.
Subjects: *OXIDATION, *MICROBIAL metabolism, *ACID mine drainage, *CHRYSOPHYCEAE, *ARCHAEBACTERIA
Abstract: Environmental oxidation and microbial metabolism drive production of acid mine drainage (AMD). Understanding changes in the microbial community, due to geochemical and seasonal characteristics, is fundamental to AMD monitoring and remediation. Using direct sequencing of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes to identify bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic members of the microbial community at an AMD site in Northern Ontario, Canada, we found a dynamic community varying significantly across winter and summer sampling times. Community composition was correlated with physical and chemical properties, including water temperature, pH, conductivity, winter ice thickness, and metal concentrations. Within Bacteria, Acidithiobacillus was the dominant genus during winter (11%-57% of sequences) but Acidiphilium was dominant during summer (47%-87%). Within Eukarya, Chrysophyceae (1.5%-94%) and Microbotrymycetes (8%-92%) dominated the winter community, and LKM11 (4%-62%) and Chrysophyceae (25%-87%) the summer. There was less diversity and variability within the Archaea, with similar summer and winter communities mainly comprising Thermoplasmata (33%-64%) and Thermoprotei (5%-20%) classes but also including a large portion of unclassified reads (∼40%). Overall, the active AMD community varied significantly between winter and summer, with changing community profiles closely correlated to specific differences in AMD geochemical and physical properties, including pH, water temperature, ice thickness, and sulfate and metal concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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3. How high is high? Using percentile thresholds to identify peak bat activity.

Author: Adams, Amanda M., McGuire, Liam P., Hooton, Lauren A., and Fenton, M. Brock
Subjects: *BATS, *PERCENTILES, *ANIMAL ecology, *HIBERNATION, *ANIMAL migration, *BAT sounds
Abstract: Passive acoustic monitoring is a common tool used for monitoring bat activity levels. Identifying periods and locations of peak levels provides insight into bat ecology and has important management implications. One limitation of passive acoustic monitoring is the relative nature of the data, often relying on subjective interpretation of descriptive terminology such as 'higher' or 'lower'. We propose the use of percentile thresholds (PTs) for objectively identifying peak activity. By compiling a reference data set, it is possible to define percentiles of the observed activity levels and these percentiles can provide objective thresholds for comparing activity levels. We used acoustic recordings from sites in Canada and calculated PTs based on the distribution of the number of calls per hour across all nights and sites for three species of bat. Given species ecologies (e.g., hibernating, migrating), we were able to use PTs to objectively identify peak activity levels on a species-specific basis. Percentile thresholds are also a replicable method of describing within-night activity by evaluating species-specific activity patterns and important times of night. Our analyses and examples represent a proof of concept. The next step is to move towards a standardized distribution to generate PTs. Creating a public repository of acoustic data sets to evaluate activity of a species in the context of its entire range would allow us to standardize terms such as 'high' activity in an objective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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4. Examining differences in nutrient intake and dietary quality on weekdays versus weekend days in Canada.

Author: Yang, Penny H.W., Black, Jennifer L., Barr, Susan I., and Vatanparast, Hassanali
Subjects: *CHI-squared test, *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics), *CONFIDENCE intervals, *INGESTION, *NATURAL foods, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *RESEARCH funding, *STATISTICAL sampling, *TIME, *FOOD diaries, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract: This study examined differences in dietary intake on weekdays versus weekends in Canada ( n = 34 402) and found that energy intake was 62 ± 23 kcal higher, and dietary quality was slightly lower on weekends ( p < 0.05). After energy adjustment, Canadians consumed 66% more alcohol, 10% more cholesterol, and significantly lower intakes of carbohydrates, protein, and most micronutrients (ranging from 2.0%-6.9% lower) on weekends. Findings suggest that Canadians consume a slightly less favourable nutrient profile and poorer dietary quality on weekends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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5. Spatio-temporal variations of reference crop evapotranspiration and pan evaporation in the West Songnen Plain of China.

Author: Liang, Liqiao, Li, Lijuan, and Liu, Qiang
Subjects: *EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, *PAN evaporation, *PLAINS, *AGRICULTURAL climatology, *HUMIDITY, *WIND speed
Abstract: The spatio-temporal variations of reference crop evapotranspiration (ETref) reflect the combined effects of meteorological variables, primarily wind speed, relative humidity, net radiation and air temperature. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of ETref (calculated by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation), pan evaporation (Epan) and pan coefficient (Kp) in a 140 × 103 km2 semi-humid to semi-arid area in China. The results show that: (i) although the spatial distributions of ETref and Epan are roughly similar and their spatial correlation is high over the growing season, Kp varied considerably in space due to high humidity in the east of the region and low humidity in the southwest; (ii) the monthly variations of ETref and Epan are similar to that of net radiation and opposite to that of relative humidity, while the monthly variation of Kp is similar to that of relative humidity and opposite to that of wind speed, and the long-term trend is slightly increasing for ETref and Epan, while significantly (10% significance level) increasing for Kp; and (iii) generally, the time series of ETref and Epan from 1951 to 2001 could be divided into three phases due to variations of meteorological variables. Citation Liang, L.-Q., Li, L.-J. & Liu, Q. (2011) Spatio-temporal variations of reference crop evapotranspiration and pan evaporation in the West Songnen Plain of China. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(7), 1300–1313. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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6. Fire as a control agent of demographic structure and plant performance of a rare Mediterranean endemic geophyte

Author: Diadema, Katia, Médail, Frédéric, and Bretagnolle, François
Subjects: *ALLIACEAE, *BOTANY, *FIRE, *ECOLOGY
Abstract: Abstract: We examine the effects of fire and/or surrounding vegetation cover on demographic stage densities and plant performance for a rare endemic geophyte, Acis nicaeensis (Alliaceae), in Mediterranean xerophytic grasslands of the ‘Alpes-Maritimes’ French ‘département’, through sampling plots in unburned and burned treatments. Fire increases density of flowering individuals and seedling emergence, as well as clump densities and number of individuals per clump, per limiting vegetation height and cover, and increasing bare soil cover. In contrast, fire has no effect on reproductive success. Nevertheless, two growing seasons after fire, all parameters of demographic stages and plant performance do not significantly differ between the two treatments. Small-scale fire is beneficial for the regeneration of this threatened geophyte at a short-time scale. In this context, a conservation planning with small and controlled fires could maintain the regeneration window for populations of rare Mediterranean geophytes. To cite this article: K. Diadema et al., C. R. Biologies 330 (2007). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2007
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7. Temporal scour development at bridge abutments with a collar.

Author: Kumcu, Şerife Yurdagül, Mustafa, Göğüş, and Kökpinar, Mehmet Ali
Subjects: *SEDIMENTS, *PARTICLES, *FLUMES, *SCOUR (Hydraulic engineering), *BRIDGE abutments, *HYDRAULICS
Abstract: This study investigated the reduction of scour around a vertical-wall bridge abutment using rectangular collars for clear-water flow conditions over uniform sediment particles in a laboratory flume. Collars of different sizes and at different elevations were tested to determine the temporal variation of scour depth around the bridge abutment. The development of scour around the abutments with and without a collar for a time period of 6 h was studied, and observed scour depths were compared. Experimental results showed that, in addition to protecting the abutments against erosion, the addition of a collar is effective in reducing the rate of temporal scour development. A comparison of the present results with those from previous studies revealed that the effectiveness of a collar increases with a decrease in the elevation of the collar and an increase in the width of the collar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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8. Time-invariant and time-varying multirate filter banks : application to image coding.

Author: Guillemot, Christine, Rault, Patrick, and Onno, Patrice
Abstract: Copyright of Annals of Telecommunications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 1998
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9. Host’s masting drives spatio-temporal patterns of pre-dispersal seed predation by invasive wasps in a natural forest ecosystem

Author: Doublet, Violette, Gidoin, Cynthia, Lefèvre, Francois, Boivin, Thomas, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH)
Subjects: Vegetal Biology, variation temporelle, modèle spatiotemporel, mondialisation, cedrus atlantica, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, espèce invasive, guêpe, bioinvasion, insecte phytophage, Biologie végétale, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, dispersion des graines, écosystème forestier
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

10. Regional climate modeling : advances, constraints and use for adaptation planning

Author: Asma Foughali, Zoubeida Bargaoui, Yves Tramblay, Denis Ruelland, Julie Carreau, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Modélisation en Hydraulique et Environnement, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tarhule, A. (ed.), and Segele, Z.T. (ed.)
Subjects: ECHAM, Atmospheric Science, VARIATION SAISONNIERE, Watershed, Mean squared error, BILAN HYDRIQUE, rainfall, EAU DU SOL, RUISSELLEMENT, MODELE HYDROLOGIQUE, Water balance, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, RETENTION D'EAU, water balance, EVALUATION, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, lcsh:Science, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, watershed, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION POTENTIELLE, ETALONNAGE, North Africa, bias correction, 6. Clean water, BASSIN VERSANT, COURS D'EAU, 13. Climate action, PLUIE, PRECIPITATION, Climatology, SIMULATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MODELE CLIMATIQUE, RCM, Environmental science, Climate model, lcsh:Q, VEGETATION, Surface runoff
Abstract: This work aims to evaluate the performance of a hydrological balance model in a watershed located in northern Tunisia (wadi Sejnane, 378 km2) in present climate conditions using input variables provided by four regional climate models. A modified version (MBBH) of the lumped and single layer surface model BBH (Bucket with Bottom Hole model, in which pedo-transfer parameters estimated using watershed physiographic characteristics are introduced) is adopted to simulate the water balance components. Only two parameters representing respectively the water retention capacity of the soil and the vegetation resistance to evapotranspiration are calibrated using rainfall-runoff data. The evaluation criterions for the MBBH model calibration are: relative bias, mean square error and the ratio of mean actual evapotranspiration to mean potential evapotranspiration. Daily air temperature, rainfall and runoff observations are available from 1960 to 1984. The period 1960–1971 is selected for calibration while the period 1972–1984 is chosen for validation. Air temperature and precipitation series are provided by four regional climate models (DMI, ARP, SMH and ICT) from the European program ENSEMBLES, forced by two global climate models (GCM): ECHAM and ARPEGE. The regional climate model outputs (precipitation and air temperature) are compared to the observations in terms of statistical distribution. The analysis was performed at the seasonal scale for precipitation. We found out that RCM precipitation must be corrected before being introduced as MBBH inputs. Thus, a non-parametric quantile-quantile bias correction method together with a dry day correction is employed. Finally, simulated runoff generated using corrected precipitation from the regional climate model SMH is found the most acceptable by comparison with runoff simulated using observed precipitation data, to reproduce the temporal variability of mean monthly runoff. The SMH model is the most accurate to reproduce the occurrence of dry days but still underestimates them. From the statistical distribution point of view, corrected SMH precipitation data introduced into the MBBH model were not able to reproduce extreme runoff values generated by observed precipitation data during validation (larger than 80 mm/month). This may be due to the SMH weakness in reproducing moderate and high rainfall levels even after bias correction. This approach may be considered as a way to use regional climate models (RCM) model outputs for studying hydrological impacts.
Published: 2015
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11. Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa

Author: Vischel, T., Lebel, Thierry, Panthou, G., Quantin, Guillaume, Rossi, A., Martinet, M., Sultan, Benjamin (ed.), Lalou, Richard (ed.), Amadou Sanni, M. (ed.), Oumarou, A. (ed.), and Soumaré, M.A. (ed.)
Subjects: FREQUENCE, SAISON HUMIDE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, PRECIPITATION, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, 1950 2007, VARIATION SPATIALE, PLUVIOMETRIE, INTENSITE, CONTROVERSE, EVOLUTION
Published: 2017

12. Analysis and modelling of the temporal spread of African cassava mosaic virus and implications for disease control

Author: Fargette, Denis, Fauquet, Claude, and Thresh, J.M.
Subjects: SELECTION, Bemisia tabaci, whitefly vector, host disease resistance, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, TRANSMISSION, RESISTANCE DE L'HOTE, VECTEUR, food and beverages, MODELISATION, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, METHODE DE LUTTE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, MANIOC, PATHOLOGIE VEGETALE, VIRUS, INSECTE NUISIBLE
Abstract: This paper reports the main conclusions of a series of experiments conducted at Adiopodoumé in the forest zone of Ivory Coast between 1980 and 1990 on the temporal spread of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). The experiments sought to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease it causes and to facilitate the assessment of control measures. The course of ACMV epidemics over time was shown to depend closely on crop age and planting date. These relationships were expressed mathematically and ACMV progress curves were modelled combining a direct interaction between an overall exponential decreasing susceptibility to infection with crop age and a sinusoidal temperature-driven seasonal fluctuation in amount of spread from outside sources. After being validated using 1930s data from Kiwanda in Tanzania, this model was extended to incorporate host plant resistance, spread within plantings and yield losses. Simulation studies showed that when reversion (non-systemicity of the virus) does not occur and when cuttings are not selected preferentially from healthy plants, disease incidence increased in successive plantings of the same clonal stock and ultimately reached 100%. This occurred whatever the degree of host resistance, albeit after different periods. By contrast, with reversion and/or cutting selection, disease incidence may reach equilibrium values below 100% in resistant cultivars. At such equilibria, the effects of reversion and/or cutting selection balance the new virus transmissions by whiteflies. This emphasises the potential of resistant cultivars to control ACMV by exploiting their ability to revert, as such cultivars not only suffer less yield loss when infected, but are less likely to become heavily infected, even after many cycles of crop production.Key Words: Bemisia tabaci, whitefly vector, host disease resistance, Ivory Coast, Tanzania Ce texte rapporte les conclusions d 'une série d 'expériences menées à Adiopoodoumédans la zone forestière de Côte d 'Ivoire entre 1980 et 1990 sur le développement de la mosaïque africaine du manioc au cours du temps afin de mieux comprendre l'épidémiologie de la maladie et de faciliter l'évaluation des méthodes de lutte. Il a été mis en évidence que la cinétique de contamination de la maladie au cours du temps dépendait étroitement de l'âge de la culture et de sa date de plantation. Ces relations ont été formulées mathématiquement et les courbes de contamination ont été modélisées en combinant une interaction directe entre la sensibilité à l'infection, décroissante de façon exponentielle avec l'âge, et la variation sinusoïdale (liée à la température) de la contamination externe. Après avoir été validé avec des données obtenues à Kiwanda en Afrique de l'Est, ce modèle a été complété en incorporant l'effet de la résistance de la plante hôte, de la contamination secondaire et des pertes de production. Les études de simulation ont alors montré que lorsque la réversion (absence de systémicité du virus dans la plante) ou la sélection de boutures (en provenance préferentiellement de plants sains) n'avait pas lieu, l'incidence de la maladie augmentait régulièrement dans des plantations successives issues du même matériel végétal pour atteindre finalement 100%, quel que soit le degré de résistance de la plante, après des durées différentes cependant. En revanche, avec réversion ou choix de boutures, l'incidence de la maladie pouvait atteindre des valeurs à l'équilibre au dessous de 100% dans des variétés résistantes. A de tels niveaux d'équilibres,le pourcentage de plantes non infectées grâce à la réversion ou à la sélection équilibre les nouvelles transmission du virus par aleurodes. Ceci souligne le potentiel des variétés résistantes pour contrôler la maladie en exploitant leur aptitude à la reversion, car de telles variétés non seulement souffrent de pertes de production plus limitées lorsqu 'elles soot infectées, mais sont aussi moins contaminées, même après plusieurs cycles de culture.Mots Clis: Bemisia tabaci, resistance malidie-hôte, Côte d'lvoire, Tanzanie, aleurodes
Published: 2016

13. Land surface remote sensing in urban and coastal areas

Author: Proisy, Christophe, Féret, J.B., Lauret, N., Gastellu-Etchegorry, J.P., Baghdadi, N.N. (ed.), and Zribi, M. (ed.)
Subjects: FORET, BIOMASSE, INTERPRETATION, CANOPEE, IMAGE SATELLITE, TELEDETECTION SPATIALE, TRANSFERT RADIATIF, MANGROVE, MODELISATION, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, SIMULATION, PALETUVIER, DYNAMIQUE DE VEGETATION, METHODOLOGIE
Published: 2016

14. On the spatial coherence of rainfall over the Saloum delta (Senegal) from seasonal to decadal time scales

Author: Matthieu Carré, Juliette Mignot, Malick Wade, Amadou Thierno Gaye, Alban Lazar, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère et de l'Océan Siméon Fongang (LPAO-SF), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: Delta, Wet season, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, HOMOGENEISATION DES DONNEES PLUVIOMETRIQUES, rainfall, PLUVIOMETRIE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Saloum, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, Sahel, Paleoclimatology, Earth Science, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SAISON HUMIDE, SAISON SECHE, DELTA, variability, Intertropical Convergence Zone, VARIABILITE, Coherence (statistics), coherence, Spatial coherence, 13. Climate action, PALEOCLIMAT, Climatology, PRECIPITATION, PLUIE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q, Geology, METHODOLOGIE
Abstract: A paleoreconstruction of the length and intensity of the rainy season over western Africa has been recently proposed, using analysis of fossil mollusk shells from the Saloum delta region, in western Senegal. In order to evaluate the significance of local long-term reconstructions of precipitations from paleoclimate proxies, and to better characterize the spatial homogeneity of rainfall distribution in northern Africa, we analyze here the spatial representativeness of rainfall in this region, from seasonal to decadal timescales. The spatial coherence of winter episodic rainfall events is relatively low and limited to surrounding countries. On the other hand, the summer rainfall, associated with the West African Monsoon, shows extended spatial coherence. At seasonal timescales, local rainfall over the Saloum is significantly correlated with rainfall in the whole western half of the Sahel. At interannual and longer timescales, the spatial coherence extends as far as the Red Sea, covering the full Sahel region. This spatial coherence is mainly associated to the zonal extension of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Coherently, summer rainfalls appear to be driven by Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies mainly in the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean basin, and the North Pacific. A more detailed analysis shows that consistency of the spatial rainfall coherence is reduced during the onset season of the West African Monsoon.
Published: 2015
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15. Influence of rainfall space-time variability over the Ouémé basin in Benin

Author: Delphine Leroux, Thierry Pellarin, T. Gascon, Thierry Lebel, Guillaume Quantin, Sylvie Galle, V. Quatela, and Théo Vischel
Subjects: COUVERT VEGETAL, Hydrological modelling, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, Structural basin, RUISSELLEMENT, Scarcity, Hydrology (agriculture), VARIATION TEMPORELLE, lcsh:Environmental sciences, media_common, lcsh:GE1-350, MODELE DISTRIBUE, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, DONNEES SATELLITE, SURFACE DU SOL, lcsh:QE1-996.5, General Medicine, Vegetation, MODELISATION, lcsh:Geology, Climatology, PRECIPITATION, Soil water, VARIATION SPATIALE, Satellite
Abstract: In West Africa, the concomitant occurrence of extreme droughts and damaging floods points to the urgent need for linking the climate variability at various time scales (daily to decadal) to its impact in terms of water related risks. While hydrological models are key tools to do so, their use in this part of the world is strongly limited by the scarcity of rainfall data. Satellite precipitation products can be used as rainfall input to models in order to make up for this shortage of appropriate surface data. However, these satellite products have their own weaknesses, both in terms of accuracy and resolution. While the accuracy of satellite rainfall estimates has already received a fair amount of attention, little published work deals with the resolution issue. The study presented here is motivated by this lack of attention to the resolution issue. It makes use of the data produced by a very dense rainfall network covering the Ouémé catchment in Benin (14 600 km²), to study the impact of varying the space-time resolution of input rainfields on the output produced by DHSVM (Distributed Hydrology Soils and Vegetation Model), thus mimicking the resolution-induced errors associated with using satellite rainfall input for such physically-based models. The major result of this sensitivity analysis is that the model output is much more sensitive to the time resolution than to the space resolution, at least for this region and for the range of resolutions tested.
Published: 2015

16. Very long-term incision dynamics of big rivers

Author: Dominique Chardon, Anicet Beauvais, Jean-Louis Grimaud, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ARC Linkage Project LP110100667WAXI project (P934A)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: EOCENE, CENOZOIQUE, DRAINAGE, INCISION, LITHOGENESE, Inversion (geology), PALEOGEOMORPHOLOGIE, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, DYNAMIQUE, Routing (hydrology), Paleontology, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, PROFIL EN LONG, non-orogenic, NIVEAU DE L'EAU, Continental margin, Geochemistry and Petrology, incision dynamics, Shield, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), SEDIMENTATION FLUVIATILE, river long profiles, Geomorphology, Cenozoic, CONFIGURATION DU LIT, Sediment, 15. Life on land, TOPOGRAPHIE, ETALONNAGE, MODELISATION, Swell, Ocean surface topography, COURS D'EAU, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, VARIATION SPATIALE, Africa, knickzones, PALEODRAINAGE, Geology, TECTONIQUE
Abstract: International audience; Constraining large-scale incision dynamics of shield and post-rift margin domains is key to understanding the sediment routing system over the overwhelming part of the continental surface. Based on dated and regionally correlated incision markers from West Africa, we reconstruct for the first time the entire paleo-long profiles of big rivers such as the Niger at ca. 24, 11 and 6 Ma, as well as the Eocene topography those rivers have dissected. The results provide boundary conditions and calibration for surface process models and paleodrainage dynamics. Though spatially and temporally variable, incision remained mostly below 10 m/my with a mean around 5 m/my. The spatial stability of both the river outlets and divides imposed maintenance or increasing concavity of the river long profiles through time, resulting from spatially contrasted adjustment of river segments bounded by recurrent lithogenic knickzones that persisted since 24 Ma. Drainages evolved preferentially by very slow slope decrease or uniform incision in between the stationary knickzones of evolving amplitude, with apparently no relation to base level change. Therefore, knickzone height or position may not simply reflect the transient response of big rivers to base level fall as predicted by stream-power incision river models. This may also challenge uplift histories of deep continental interiors retrieved from river long profiles inversion relying on such models. Very slow incision allowed amplification of the Hoggar hot spot swell and flexural uplift of the continental margin to be recorded by river long profiles, emphasizing the potential of big non-orogenic rivers as gauges of dynamic topography.
Published: 2014
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17. Swarming behaviour in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii : review of 4 years survey in rural areas of sympatry, Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Author: Sawadogo, P.S., Namountougou, M., Toé, K.H., Rouamba, J., Maïga, H., Ouédraogo, K.R., Baldet, T., Gouagna, Louis-Clément, Kengne, Pierre, Simard, Frédéric, Costantini, Carlo, Gibson, G., Diabaté, A., Lees, R.S., Gilles, J.R.L., Dabiré, K.R., Beier, J (ed.), Lees, R.S. (ed.), Chadee, D.D. (ed.), and Gilles, J.R.L. (ed.)
Subjects: VARIATION SAISONNIERE, IDENTIFICATION, VECTEUR, ESSAIM, ETUDE REGIONALE, food and beverages, COMPORTEMENT, PALUDISME, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, TECHNIQUE PCR, MOUSTIQUE, MILIEU RURAL, ACCOUPLEMENT
Abstract: The swarming behaviour of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii (formerly known as An. gambiae S and M forms, respectively) were investigated through longitudinal surveys conducted between July 2006 and October 2009 in two rural areas of south-western Burkina Faso where these forms are sympatric. In both sites, the majority of swarms were recorded above visual markers localised among houses. In Soumousso, a wooded area of savannah, 108 pairs caught in copula from 205 swarms were sampled; in VK7, a rice growing area, 491 couples from 250 swarms were sampled. If segregated swarms were the norm in both sites, many visual markers were shared by the two forms of An. gambiae. Furthermore, mixed swarms were collected annually in frequencies varying from one site to another, though no mixed inseminations were recorded, corroborating the low hybrid rate previously reported in the field. The occurrence of inter-specific mate-recognition mechanisms, which allow individuals to avoid hybridisation, is discussed.
Published: 2014

18. Instrumental data on the seismic activity along the Dead Sea Transform

Author: Louis Dorbath, Catherine Dorbath, Abraham Hofstetter, Sismologie (IPGS) (IPGS-Sismologie), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Garfunkel, Z. (ed.), Ben Avraham, Z. (ed.), and Kagan, E. (ed.)
Subjects: Dead sea, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Magnitude (mathematics), Crust, FAILLE TRANSFORMANTE, Induced seismicity, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Stress drop, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, SEISME, VARIATION SPATIALE, Seismic moment, SISMOLOGIE, PROFONDEUR, Heat flow, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We analyzed the catalog of instrumental recordings of seismic activity from 1900 to 2010 along the Dead Sea Transform. The seismicity pattern reveals significant activity confined to 5 main sections of the transform. In all the sections of the transform there is a significant amount of seismic activity at depths of 9–10 km (lower part of the upper crust). The seismic activity extends to large depths of 20 km and more, where about 30 % of the seismic activity occurs in the lower crust, especially in the Dead Sea basin and the Arava Valley. The deep seismicity is correlative with previous low heat flow measurements along the transform, and thus suggesting a relatively cold crust. We analyzed more than 4,300 S-wave spectra of earthquakes in the magnitude range is 0.8 ≤ Md ≤ 6.2, with M0 values ranging from 3.1x1011 N · m to 5.4x1018 N · m, and Brune stress drop estimates, Δσ, between 0.1 MPa and 15 MPa. The total seismic moment release in the years 1900–2010 in the Dead Sea Transform due to all the earthquakes, including the earthquake in 1927, is only a fraction of the expected seismic moment release.
Published: 2014
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19. Characterization of swarming and mating behaviour between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas in a sympatry area of Benin

Author: Assogba, B.S., Djogbénou, L., Saizonou, J., Diabaté, A., Dabiré, R.K., Moiroux, Nicolas, Gilles, J.R.L., Makoutodé, M., Baldet, T., Beier, J (ed.), Lees, R.S. (ed.), Chadee, D.D. (ed.), and Gilles, J.R.L. (ed.)
Subjects: VARIATION SAISONNIERE, MALE, IDENTIFICATION, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, VECTEUR, ESSAIM, ETUDE REGIONALE, food and beverages, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, PALUDISME, equipment and supplies, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, TECHNIQUE PCR, bacteria, MOUSTIQUE, DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE, ACCOUPLEMENT
Abstract: The swarm structure of two sibling species, Anopheles gambiae coluzzii and Anopheles melas, was characterize to explore the ecological and environmental parameters associated with the formation of swarms and their spatial distribution. Swarms and breeding sites were searched and sampled between January and December 2010, and larval and adult samples were identified by PCR. During the dry season, 456 swarms of An. gambiae s.l. were sampled from 38 swarm sites yielding a total of 23,274 males and 76 females. Of these 38 swarming sites, 18 were composed exclusively of An. gambiae coluzzii and 20 exclusively of An. melas, presenting clear evidence of reproductive swarm segregation. The species makeup of couples sampled from swarms also demonstrated assortative mating. The swarm site localization was close to human dwellings in the case of the An. gambiae coluzzii and on salt production sites for An. melas. At the peak of the rainy season, swarms of An. melas were absent. These findings offer evidence that the ecological speciation of these two sibling species of mosquitoes is associated with spatial swarm segregation and assortative mating, providing strong support for the hypothesis that mate recognition is currently maintaining adaptive differentiation and promoting ecological speciation. Further studies on the swarming and mating systems of An. gambiae, with the prospect of producing a predictive model of swarm distribution, are needed to inform any future efforts to implement strategies based on the use of GMM or SIT.
Published: 2014

20. Short-term dynamics of soil aggregate stability in the field

Author: Frédéric Darboux, Yves Le Bissonnais, Baptiste Algayer, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), SPATIOFLUX project (CPER 2007-2013) funded by the Région Centre, the FEDER and the Inra., Algayer, Baptiste, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: sol nu, variation temporelle, Soil Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil science, teneur en eau, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Sciences de la Terre, suivi du dispositif, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, stabilité des agrégats, Aggregate (composite), activité biologique du sol, Chemistry, Humidity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, séquence de pluie, Hydric soil, intensité de la pluie, dynamique temporelle, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, Earth Sciences, agrégat, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: Aggregate stability is a key property affecting the movement and storage of water, seedling emergence, and soil sensitivity to erosion. Many studies have shown that aggregate stability changes through time. Field monitor- ing studies performed with a relatively large (monthly) time step showed the seasonal trend of aggregate stability. However, shorter time step monitor- ing is required to explore dynamics of aggregate stability at short term. For now, biological activity was recognized to be the main factor of aggregate stability dynamics, but previous studies were currently based on the external stimulation of aggregate stability. The objectives of this study were to assess variations in aggregate stability at short time steps in the field and to identify the factors controlling these variations of stability. A 6-mo field monitoring was performed at short time step (2-5 d) on a bare field of Luvisol without organic amendment. Aggregate stability was measured for both on surface and subsurface materials by the ISO 10930 (2012) method. Rain amount and intensity, air temperature and humidity, soil temperature, water content and hydric history, and soil water repellency were measured as explanatory fac- tors. The results showed that aggregate stability varied greatly (up to 40%) over a few days for both surface and subsurface. Short term dynamics of aggregate stability were already shown by laboratory experiments, but such dynamics was never observed in the field for a bare soil without external stimulation of biological activity. For the surface, short time step variations of surface aggregate stability were primarily controlled by soil water content (WC0 and WC1/2), hydric history (DWC4 and API), and rain intensity. While large changes in aggregate stability were found for the subsurface, explanatory factors remain to be found.
Published: 2014
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21. Formalizing spatiotemporal knowledge in remote sensing applications to improve image interpretation

Author: Samuel Andrés, Christelle Pierkot, Jean François Faure, Frédérique Seyler, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Geographic information system, Knowledge representation and reasoning, COUVERT VEGETAL, Remote sensing application, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, IMAGE SATELLITE, STANDARDISATION, 0211 other engineering and technologies, lcsh:G1-922, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Modularity, remote-sensing interpretation, Adaptability, Field (computer science), VARIATION TEMPORELLE, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computers in Earth Sciences, REPRESENTATION DES CONNAISSANCES, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, media_common, business.industry, SEMANTIQUE, ONTOLOGIE, TELEDETECTION SPATIALE, Spatial intelligence, Spatio-temporality, Data science, MODELISATION, INTERPRETATION D'IMAGE, Geography, Conceptual framework, ETUDE DE CAS, VARIATION SPATIALE, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, business, computer, geographic standards, lcsh:Geography (General), METHODOLOGIE, Information Systems
Abstract: Technological tools allow the generation of large volumes of data. For example satellite images aid in the study of spatiotemporal phenomena in a range of disciplines, such as urban planning, environmental sciences, and health care. Thus, remote-sensing experts must handle various and complex image sets for their interpretations. The GIS community has undertaken significant work in describing spatiotemporal features, and standard specifications nowadays provide design foundations for GIS software and spatial databases. We argue that this spatiotemporal knowledge and expertise would provide in- valuable support for the field of image interpretation. As a result, we propose a high level conceptual framework, based on existing and standardized approaches, offering enough modularity and adaptability to represent the various dimensions of spatiotemporal knowl- edge.
Published: 2013
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22. Quasi-decadal signals of Sahel rainfall and West African monsoon since the mid-twentieth century

Author: Dieppois, B., Diedhiou, Arona, Durand, A., Fournier, M., Massei, N., Sebag, David, Xue, Y., Fontaine, B., Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Geography [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement ( LTHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, SERIE CHRONOLOGIQUE, West African Monsoon, zonal contrast, Sahel rainfall, Sea-Surface Temperature, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, PRECIPITATION, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, VARIATION SPATIALE, CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIQUE, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, INTERACTION OCEAN ATMOSPHERE, MOUSSON, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Quasi-decadal scale, HUMIDITE DE L'AIR, METHODOLOGIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE
Abstract: Sahel rainfall shows pronounced decadal variability and a negative trend between wet conditions in the 1950s-1960s and dry ones in the 1970s-1980s. Using continuous wavelet transform, the quasi-decadal variability (QDV) of rainfall reveals zonal contrasts. The highest QDV is identified in the 1950s-1960s over western Sahel and in the 1970s-1980s over eastern Sahel. The quasi-decadal atmospheric anomalies have been reconstructed using Fourier transform for the 1950s-1960s and the 1970s-1980s, respectively, and assessed by the composite analysis of the QDV phases for the periods before and after 1968. Over western Sahel, the rainfall QDV in the 1950s-1960s is related to the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability, as highlighted by the wavelet coherence. A southward shift trend of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is identified through an enhancement of northeasterly fluxes and moisture convergence over the western part of West Africa. A decrease (increase) of southern (northern) subtropical sinking motions seems to be involved. In the 1970s-1980s, a strengthening of cross-equatorial Atlantic SST and pressure gradients is related to an increase of monsoon flow from lower troposphere up to the midtroposphere and to the northward shift of the ITCZ, mainly over eastern Sahel. The Pacific SST influence is also identified, which involves changes in the global zonal circulation. Key Points Zonal contrasts are detected in Sahel rainfall at quasi-decadal scale Quasi-decadal signals of the WAM are identified in both wet and dry periods Modifications of SST forcing are observed between wet and dry periods ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Published: 2013
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23. Small-scale features of temperature and salinity surface fields in the Coral Sea

Author: Maes, C., Dewitte, B., Sudre, J., Garcon, V., Varillon, D., DYNBIO LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE, MESURE IN SITU, MECHANISM, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, SALINITE, SSS, PACIFIC WARM POOL, SST, VARIABILITY, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, in situ observations, OCEAN, EASTERN EDGE, EL-NINO, ONSET, INTERACTION OCEAN ATMOSPHERE, BARRIER LAYER, NETWORK, Coral Sea, TROPICAL PACIFIC, DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE
Abstract: ISI Document Delivery No.: 257JQ Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 51 Cited References: Alory G, 2012, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V117, DOI 10.1029/2011JC007802 Barton IJ, 2007, J ATMOS OCEAN TECH, V24, P1773, DOI 10.1175/JTECH2084.1 Benhamou S., 2011, PLOS ONE, V6 Bingham FM, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V107, DOI [10.1029/2000JC000767, 10.1029/2000jc000767] Boyer TP, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V107, DOI 10.1029/2001JC000829 Chen J, 2012, J OCEANOGR, V68, P687, DOI 10.1007/s10872-012-0126-8 Choukroun S, 2010, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V115, DOI 10.1029/2009JC005761 Delcroix T, 2005, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V52, P787, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012 Delcroix T, 2011, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V58, P38, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002 Dewitte B, 2011, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V116, DOI 10.1029/2010JC006495 DONGUY JR, 1994, PROG OCEANOGR, V34, P45, DOI 10.1016/0079-6611(94)90026-4 Fisher M., 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, DOI 10.1029/2004GL020112 Freeman LA, 2012, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V117, DOI 10.1029/2011JC007099 Gasparin F, 2011, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V58, P956, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.05.007 Gorman MK, 2012, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V27, DOI 10.1029/2012PA002302 Hendon H, 2005, S-P B ENVIRON SCI, P223, DOI 10.1007/3-540-27250-X_7 Henin C, 1996, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V43, P1833, DOI 10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00084-2 Henocq C, 2010, J ATMOS OCEAN TECH, V27, P192, DOI 10.1175/2009JTECHO670.1 Hernandez-Carrasco I., 2012, J GEOPHYS RES, V117, DOI 10.1029/2012JC008222 Hernandez-Carrasco I, 2011, OCEAN MODEL, V36, P208, DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.12.006 Huffman GJ, 2007, J HYDROMETEOROL, V8, P38, DOI 10.1175/JHM560.1 Ioualalen M, 2003, J OCEANOGR, V59, P105, DOI 10.1023/A:1022876708829 Kawamura R, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V107, DOI 10.1029/2001JD001070 Klemas V, 2011, J COASTAL RES, V27, P830, DOI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00060.1 Leuliette EW, 1999, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V29, P599, DOI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)0292.0.CO;2 Lin JWB, 2000, J ATMOS SCI, V57, P2793, DOI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)0572.0.CO;2 MADDEN RA, 1972, J ATMOS SCI, V29, P1109, DOI 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)0292.0.CO;2 Maes C, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, DOI 10.1029/2004GL019867 Maes C, 2010, SOLA, V6, P129, DOI 10.2151/sola.2010-033 Maes C, 2002, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V29, DOI 10.1029/2002GL016029 Maes C, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P104, DOI 10.1175/JCLI-3214.1 Picaut J, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1486, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5292.1486 Pierce DW, 2012, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V39, DOI 10.1029/2012GL053389 Qiu B, 2009, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V39, P404, DOI 10.1175/2008JPO3988.1 Reul N., 2012, SMOS LEVEL 3 SSS RES, P21 Reul N., 2013, SURV GEOPHYS, P1, DOI 10.1007/GEOP-D-13-00003 Reverdin G, 2012, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V117, DOI 10.1029/2011JC007549 Reynolds RW, 2007, J CLIMATE, V20, P5473, DOI 10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1 Ridgway KR, 2003, PROG OCEANOGR, V56, P189, DOI 10.1016/S0079-6611(03)00004-1 Roemmich D, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V103, P13041, DOI 10.1029/98JC00583 Roemmich D, 2009, OCEANOGRAPHY, V22, P46 Rossi V, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, DOI 10.1029/2008GL033610 SCHMITT RW, 1995, REV GEOPHYS, V33, P1395, DOI 10.1029/95RG00184 Sudre J., 2013, LIMNOL OCEANOGR FLUI, V3, P1, DOI 10.1215/21573689-2071927 Takahashi K, 2011, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V38, DOI 10.1029/2011GL047364 Toole J. M., 2001, INT GEOPHYS SERIES, V77, P337 Torrence C, 1998, B AM METEOROL SOC, V79, P61, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)0792.0.CO;2 Wachenfeld D., 2007, CLIMATE CHANGE GREAT Waugh DW, 2006, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V36, P526, DOI 10.1175/JPO2865.1 Wheeler MC, 2004, MON WEATHER REV, V132, P1917, DOI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)1322.0.CO;2 Yueh S., 2012, IEEE INT GEOSC REM S Maes, Christophe Dewitte, Boris Sudre, Joel Garcon, Veronique Varillon, David Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Sea surface salinity data derived from thermosalinograph instruments installed onboard voluntary observing ships are freely distributed by the French Sea Surface Salinity Observation Service (http://www.legos.obs-mip.fr/observations/sss/). The TRMM data were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Special thanks go to Cristobal Lopez and Emilio Hernandez-Garcia for providing their code for the FSLE computation, and to Serena Illig for her help on the wavelet analysis. Comments on the original version from Dave Behringer were greatly appreciated, and we would like also to gratefully thank Tangdong Qu and the other anonymous reviewer for their fruitful comments. This work is supported by the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) and by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). 0 AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION WASHINGTON J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS; The small-scale features in sea surface temperature and salinity fields (SST and SSS) of the Coral Sea are examined using high horizontal spatial and short-term temporal in situ measurements. These features are extracted from thermosalinographs (TSGs) gathered onboard commercial and research vessels and at one long-term fixed station. The analyses are performed along the vessel tracks and the structures of small-scale features are extracted by high-pass spatial filtering the original TSG data. For SSS, it is shown that the features at the scale of mesoscale eddies (approximate to 100 km) vary from about -1.1 to +0.6 psu in the Coral Sea region. Processes sustaining such range include rainfall events, stirring by mesoscale eddies, and the latitudinal displacement of the sharp front associated with the edge of the Western Pacific Warm Pool at the seasonal time scales. The TSG data have revealed the presence of a sharp front (0.4-0.6 psu) between the subtropical and equatorial waters instead of a smooth gradient in the standard SSS climatologies. Within the context of recent remotely sensed observations of salinity, this could represent an important limitation for the validation and calibration of satellite products. In addition to these spatial considerations, temporal variations at one long-term station near Vanuatu show that the coupled air-sea responses to intraseasonal tropical variability, such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation, may have a signature in both SST and SSS fields. However, this response is found to be complex and not necessarily in phase. In the Coral Sea region, our results suggest that MJO-induced variability on SST and SSS exhibit little coherency at the seasonal time scales.
Published: 2013
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24. Temporal and spatial variability of organotins in an intermittent Mediterranean river

Author: Christian Salles, Jean Louis Perrin, C. Rodier, F. Hernandez, J.L. Seidel, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, V. Brunel, E. Gayrard, P. Marchand, M. G. Tournoud, G. Aubert, Nanée Chahinian, Laboratoire Physique des Surfaces Naturelles et Génie Rural, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Service de Physique Théorique (SPhT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation de Céramiques (UMR 3080), Saint Gobain, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stabilization pond, Stormwater, Sewage, QUALITE DE L'EAU, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Waste Disposal, Fluid, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Rivers, Tributary, Organotin Compounds, BUTYLETAIN, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Hydrology, geography, TOXICITE, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, General Medicine, 6. Clean water, ORGANOETAIN, COURS D'EAU, OCTYLETAIN, Biodegradation, Environmental, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, VARIATION SPATIALE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, France, business, POLLUTION DES EAUX CONTINENTALES, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Organotin compounds (OTs) are exclusively anthropogenic and have been widely used for their biocidal properties and as stabilizers in various industrial applications. Hence organotins are common pollutants. Their high toxicity has led to their entry on the EU water framework's priority substances' list. However, few studies are available regarding their behaviour in surface waters, in particular, in intermittent Mediterranean rivers. The Vene is an intermittent river located in Languedoc-Roussillon, southern France. It is the main tributary of an important shellfish farming site: the Thau lagoon. The present study aims at establishing the presence of OTs on a 1.5 km long reach of the river into which a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) discharges. The study is carried out during steady-state flow conditions over two consecutive years and investigates potential OTs sources in everyday domestic activities. Routine field monitoring was carried out over a 5 month period during the springs of 2008 and 2009. The results establish the presence of butyltins and octyltins throughout the 1.5 km long reach at concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable concentration levels imposed by the water framework directive. The WWTP is recognized as an important OTs point source; however, using trace and rare earth elements as tracers, an urban stormwater sewage gutter is identified as a secondary source. Its impact on the river's pollutant loads is however variable in time because of flow intermittency. The paper discusses the need for specific monitoring and management schemes for intermittent rivers.
Published: 2013
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25. Potential of proximal hyperspectral imaging to estimate the spatial and temporal variability of soil microbial respiration

Author: Gobrecht, A., Gorretta, N., Chevallier, T., Benoit, M., Roger, J.M., Barthès, B., Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Dynamiques environnementales entre forêt, agriculture et biodiversité : des pratiques locales sur la nature aux politiques de conservation, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: SOL, MICROBIOLOGIE DU SOL, SPECTROMETRIE INFRAROUGE, VARIABILITE SPATIALE, SPECTROSCOPIE, PROCHE INFRAROUGE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, RESPIRATION, MICROBIOLOGIE, VARIATION SPATIALE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, VARIABILITE TEMPORELLE, IMAGE HYPERSPECTRALE, PROPRIETE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE
Abstract: 16th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy, La Grande-Motte, FRA, 02-/06/2013 - 07/06/2013; International audience; The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of proximal hyperspectral imaging to (i) calibrate a model to predict soil respiration under controlled conditions, and (ii) to determine both spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration at a hundreds of micrometer scale. Calibration models based on spectra and respiration measured on standards were built then applied on hyperspectral images acquired on soil mesocosms (400 cm²), in order to predict their respiration pixel by pixel (0.2 mm²). The quality of the models was acceptable but their application to produce prediction maps faced some technical problems due to hyperspectral technology.
Published: 2013

26. Movement behaviour of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) tuna at anchored fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Maldives, investigated by acoustic telemetry

Author: Govinden, R., Jauhary, R., Filmalter, J., Forget, F., Soria, Marc, Adam, S., and Dagorn, Laurent
Subjects: PROSPECTION ACOUSTIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, DISPOSITIF DE CONCENTRATION DES POISSONS, TELEMETRIE, THON, ETHOLOGIE, ANALYSE DE DONNEES
Published: 2013

27. Multi-decadal to millennial scale variability in oxygen minimum zone intensity, export production and pelagic fish abundance from marine laminated sediments off Pisco, Peru during the las 25 000 years

Author: Salvatteci, R.
Subjects: PRODUCTION PRIMAIRE, COUCHE MINIMUM D'OXYGENE, UPWELLING, SEDIMENT, ABONDANCE, PALEOCEANOGRAPHIE, POISSON MARIN, CIRCULATION OCEANIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, ANALYSE DE CORRESPONDANCE, COURANT MARIN, HOLOCENE, RELATION ESPECE ENVIRONNEMENT, ESPECE PELAGIQUE
Published: 2013

28. Pandora cruise provides an unprecetented description of the Solomon Sea

Author: Eldin, Gérard, Ganachaud, Alexandre, Cravatte, Sophie, and Jeandel, C.
Subjects: CAMPAGNE OCEANOGRAPHIQUE, CIRCULATION OCEANIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, ACQUISITION DE DONNEES, SOUS COURANT, MASSE D'EAU
Published: 2013

29. Multitemporal analysis of hydrological soil surface characteristics using aerial photos: A case study on a Mediterranean vineyard

Author: Damien Raclot, Frédéric Jacob, Patrick Andrieux, Jean Albergel, Christina Corbane, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), XIIe Contrat de Plan Etat Region-LR, and IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, EROSION, SOL CULTIVE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drainage basin, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 02 engineering and technology, H-SSC evolutions, SOUTHERN FRANCE, Soil management, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, CARACTERISTIQUE HYDRIQUE, PHOTOINTERPRETATION, RUNOFF, Multitemporal classification, 020701 environmental engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, WESTERN SIERRA-MADRE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mediterranean vineyards, IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Infiltration (HVAC), PRATIQUE CULTURALE, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Geography, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, PLUIE, Hydrological soil surface characteristics (H-SSC), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cartography, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, CRUSTS, Aerial photos, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0207 environmental engineering, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Vineyard, VIGNE, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, CLASSIFICATION, AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT, Computers in Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, PHOTOGRAPHIE AERIENNE, Spatial analysis, SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing, SURFACE DU SOL, Decision rule, 15. Life on land, FIELDS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Expert knowledge, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Surface runoff, METHODOLOGIE
Abstract: International audience; Soil surface characteristics (SSC) constitute an important land surface property that drives the partitioning between infiltration and runoff. Therefore, knowledge of SSC is crucial for runoff-forecasting in hydrology. However, the difficulties in measuring spatial variabilities and temporal dynamics of SSC have limited the use of this property in operational hydrology at the catchment extent. Recent progresses have permitted to characterize hydrological SSC classes (H-SSC) with distinct infiltration rates, by implementing monotemporal classifications along with aerial photos. However, when dealing with Mediterranean vineyards, some classes still are difficult to discriminate on the basis of remotely sensed spectral and spatial information only. The objective of the current study was to propose a multitemporal classification that integrates a priori information about possible H-SSC evolutions, such as it is possible improving their characterization. H-SSC evolutions could be either natural, depending on rainfall events, or anthropogenic, driven by soil management practices. Knowledge of possible H-SSC evolutions was translated in the form of decision rules. It was applied to a time series of H-SSC class maps derived from a monotemporal classification of monthly aerial photos. As compared to the monotemporal classification, the multitemporal classification had two advantages for the identification of H-SSC classes. First, it allowed improving the discrimination of classes related to crusting processes, with increased performances between 35 and 48% relative. Second, it was able to detect H-SSC temporal evolutions in relation to soil management practices. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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30. Temporal evolution of soil erodibility: assessment of explanatory factors, and consequences on erosion modelling. An example from the Beauce area, France

Author: Darboux, Frédéric and Algayer, Baptiste
Subjects: variation temporelle, Earth Sciences, érosion du sol, érodibilité, beauce, complex mixtures, Sciences de la Terre, stabilité des agrégats
Abstract: Soil erodibility is a key parameter in soil erosion models. Usually, water erosion models takeerodibility as a constant for a given soil. However, many studies showed that erodibility changesduring the year in relationship with climate. If the seasonal trends are recognized, the underlyingfactors and processes remain unclear. To assess the climatic parameters and soil propertiescausing these variations, a six-month long field monitoring was conducted in the Beauce area(south of the Paris Basin, France). Samples from two soils (a silty clay loam and a silt loam) andfrom two topographic positions were collected at two time scales: monthly, and a few days apartduring the week following significant rain events. Aggregate stability was used as a proxy of soilerodibility. Other measurements were humidity and temperature of soil and air, organic mattercontent, soil texture, water content, microbial biomass, hydrophobicity, and soil crusting. Aggregatestability showed large variability at both time scales. After significant rain events, aggregatestability showed different trends depending on soil type, rain amount and topographic positions.These differences in aggregate stability imply different erodibilities. The results clearly contradictthe common practice of assigning a temporally and spatially-constant erodibility to a given soil. Soiltexture, organic matter and microbial biomass could not precisely explain erodibility changes.However, the post-rain desiccation was significantly related to the erodibility increase at the shorttime step. This result emphasizes the influence of the wetting-drying cycles in soil erodibilityvariation.
Published: 2012

31. Monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of annual floods in the Niger inneur delta using MODIS satellite imagery

Author: Ogilvie, Andrew, Belaud, G., Delenne, C., Bader, Jean-Claude, Oleksiak, A., and Bailly, J.S.
Subjects: INONDATION, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, VARIATION SPATIALE, SURVEILLANCE, IMAGE SATELLITE, HYDRODYNAMIQUE, TELEDETECTION SPATIALE, CRUE, METHODOLOGIE
Published: 2012

32. Mesoscale frontal structures in the Canary upwelling system : new front and filament detection algorithms applied to spatial and temporal patterns

Author: Nieto, K., Demarcq, Hervé, and McClatchie, S.
Subjects: VARIATION TEMPORELLE, DETECTION AUTOMATIQUE, DONNEES SATELLITE, VARIATION SPATIALE, COURANT MARIN, UPWELLING
Published: 2012

33. Reservoir management using coupled atmospheric and hydrological models : the brazilian semid-arid case

Author: Brabo Alves, J.M., Nilson B. Campos, J., and Servain, Jacques
Subjects: MODELE HYDROLOGIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, PREVISION, PLUIE, GESTION DE L'EAU, CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIQUE, RESERVOIR, AIDE A LA DECISION, RESSOURCES EN EAU, DEBIT, RUISSELLEMENT
Published: 2012

34. Rainfall Response in Northeast Brazil from Ocean Climate Variability during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

Author: Manoel Francisco Gomes Filho, Daisy Beserra Lucena, Jacques Servain, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 0207 environmental engineering, Northeast brazil, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Tropical Atlantic, 01 natural sciences, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, EL NINO, 020701 environmental engineering, ANALYSE DE DONNEES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE, Oceanic climate, Sea surface temperature, La Niña, Geography, El Niño, CLIMAT, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, PRECIPITATION, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, Climatology, Period (geology), ENSO
Abstract: The authors investigated the rainfall variability response in northern Northeast Brazil (NNEB) from El Niño/La Niña (EN/LN) events and from the meridional sea surface temperature gradient (MGRAD) over the tropical Atlantic during the period 1948–97. The diagnostic analysis was stratified according to four climatic series of scenarios associated with EN, LN, and positive and negative MGRAD. During ENs, which were more numerous and more intense after the 1970s, the MGRAD was generally not noticeable, and the drought impact in NNEB was mainly due to the warm Pacific influence. Conversely, during LNs, the MGRAD signal was important, but there was an inverse relationship between the third and the fourth quarters of the twentieth century. Thus, before the 1970s the LNs were associated with positive MGRAD, which led to an inverse influence inducing minor changes in seasonal rainfall in NNEB. After the 1970s the LNs were linked to negative MGRAD, which induced a cumulative wet influence in NNEB. The positive MGRADs were generally associated with ENs, which reinforced the drought impact in NNEB. The well-marked negative MGRADs, which all occurred after the beginning of the 1970s, were generally linked with large LNs that induced very consistent wet episodes in NNEB. Interestingly, the two low-frequency variations in the tropical oceans observed during the second half of the twentieth century (i.e., from a few to several strong ENs and from none to numerous strong negative MGRADs) occurred concomitantly with symmetric long-term changes in the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This symmetrical long-term climate behavior during the second half of the twentieth century could have lead to an inverse influence on the climate over the north Northeast Brazil, in agreement with a quasi-null long-term trend of the rainfall observed in that region all along this period. Such symmetrical behavior seems to have been unique during the last 150 years.
Published: 2011
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35. Mid- to late Holocene environmental and climatic changes in New Caledonia, southwest tropical Pacific, inferred from the littoral plain Gouaro-Déva

Author: Magali Chacornac-Rault, Anne-Marie Sémah, Denis Wirrmann, Jean-Pierre Debenay, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], FORAMINIFERE, SEDIMENTOLOGIE, 01 natural sciences, Swamp, ABONDANCE, Foraminifera, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), HOLOCENE, Littoral zone, LITTORAL, 0601 history and archaeology, Sedimentology, Sea level, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, biology, POLLEN, 06 humanities and the arts, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, NIVEAU MARIN, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ANALYSE MULTIVARIABLE, ENSO, Bay, Geology
Abstract: Multiproxy analysis of three littoral cores from western New Caledonia supports the hypothesis that the main controlling factors of environmental changes are sea-level change, ENSO variability and extra-tropical phenomena, such as the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) marked by a tendency for La Niña-like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The record starts during the late Holocene sea-level rise when the terrestrial vegetation indicated wet and cool conditions. The site was a coastal bay definitely transformed into a freshwater swamp at around 3400 cal yr BP, after the rapid drawdown of sea level to its current level. Sediments and foraminiferal assemblages indicated subsequent episodes of freshwater infillings, emersion or very high-energy conditions, likely related to climatic changes and mostly controlled by ENSO variability. Between 2750 and 2000 cal yr BP, relatively dry and cool climate prevailed, while wetter conditions predominated between ca. 1800 and 900 cal yr BP. The Rhizophoraceae peak between ca. 1080 and 750 cal yr BP, coeval with the MWP, may indicate a global phenomenon. Microcharcoal particles present throughout the record increased after 1500 cal yr BP, suggesting an anthropogenic source. From ca. 750 cal yr BP the appearance of current type of vegetation marks the human impact.
Published: 2011
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36. Extreme climatic events reduce ocean productivity and larval supply in a tropical reef ecosystem

Author: Lo-Yat, Alain, Simpson, Stephen D., Meekan, Mark, Lecchini, Davi D., MARTINEZ, Elodie, Galzin, Rene, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biosciences, University of Exeter, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), OPLC, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: RECIF CORALLIEN, POISSON MARIN, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, IMPACT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, ANOMALIE DE TEMPERATURE, fungi, LARVE, TAUX DE SURVIE, EL NINO, CHLOROPHYLLE, ABONDANCE, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: Increasing ocean temperatures due to global warming are predicted to have negative effects on coral reef fishes. El Nino events are associated with elevated water temperatures at large spatial (1000s of km) and temporal (annual) scales, providing environmental conditions that enable temperature effects on reef fishes to be tested directly. We compared remote sensing data of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, surface current flow and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration with monthly patterns in larval supply of coral reef fishes in nearshore waters around Rangiroa Atoll (French Polynesia) from January 1996 to March 2000. This time included an intense El Nino (April 1997-May 1998) event between two periods of La Nina (January-March 1996 and August 1998-March 2000) conditions. There was a strong relationship between the timing of the El Nino event, current flow, ocean productivity (as measured by Chl-a) and larval supply. In the warm conditions of the event, there was an increase in the SST anomaly index up to 3.5 degrees C above mean values and a decrease in the strength of the westward surface current toward the reef. These conditions coincided with low concentrations of Chl-a (mean: 0.06 mg m-3, SE +/- 0.004) and a 51% decline in larval supply from mean values. Conversely, during strong La Nina conditions when SST anomalies were almost 2 degrees C below mean values and there was a strong westward surface current, Chl-a concentration was 150% greater than mean values and larval supply was 249% greater. A lag in larval supply suggested that productivity maybe affecting both the production of larvae by adults and larval survival. Our results suggest that warming temperatures in the world's oceans will have negative effects on the reproduction of reef fishes and survival of their larvae within the plankton, ultimately impacting on the replenishment of benthic populations.
Published: 2011
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37. Scale-dependent interactions of Mediterranean whales with marine dynamics

Author: Isabelle Taupier-Letage, Marina Lévy, Alexis Chaigneau, Francesco d'Ovidio, Christophe Guinet, Cédric Cotté, Bruce R. Mate, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University (OSU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Krill, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, migratory movements, Cetacea, submesoscale, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, Mediterranean sea, Ocean gyre, biology.animal, spatiotemporal scales, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, MAMMIFERE MARIN, ANALYSE DE DONNEES, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, geography, PREDATION, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Whale, Ecology, IMPACT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, MARQUAGE, CIRCULATION OCEANIQUE, MIGRATION TROPHIQUE, phytoplankton, Environmental science, krill
Abstract: International audience; We investigated the influence of the ocean circulation at different spatiotemporal scales on the seasonal distribution of a large marine predator, the Mediterranean fin whale, by comparing multisatellite data with the positions of eight fin whales equipped with Argos tracking devices from August 2003 to June 2004. At the western Mediterranean basin scale, fin whales were associated with the anticlockwise gyre in the northern part of the western Mediterranean Sea, which defines the habitat of krill, the whales' main prey. At mesoscale and submesoscale, and only during the seasonal phytoplankton biomass minimum in summer, whales exhibited a preference for the periphery of eddies and they were often associated with filaments indicative of submesoscale fronts. Timescales of these mesoscale and submesoscale features are comparable with the ecological timescales of the lower levels of the trophic chain. Whales were not associated to productive areas, probably due to the spatiotemporal lag between phytoplankton and krill. Our results suggest that stirring by eddies may create filaments that are favorable foraging grounds for predators searching for aggregated prey during the most oligotrophic period of the year.
Published: 2011
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38. Representation of spatial and temporal variability of daily wind speed and of intense wind events over the Mediterranean Sea using dynamical downscaling: impact of the regional climate model configuration

Author: Clotilde Dubois, Samuel Somot, Sandro Calmanti, Marine Herrmann, Florence Sevault, Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENEA, Ocean modelling unit, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, VENT, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Forcing (mathematics), CLIMATOLOGIE, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Wind speed, MODELE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, Mediterranean sea, INTERACTION OCEAN ATMOSPHERE, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, 020701 environmental engineering, Temporal scales, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, VITESSE, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Orography, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Climate model, Spatial variability, Downscaling
Abstract: Atmospheric datasets coming from long term reanalyzes of low spatial resolution are used for different purposes. Wind over the sea is, for example, a major ingredient of oceanic simulations. However, the shortcomings of those datasets prevent them from being used without an adequate corrective preliminary treatment. Using a regional climate model (RCM) to perform a dynamical downscaling of those large scale reanalyzes is one of the methods used in order to produce fields that realistically reproduce atmospheric chronology and where those shortcomings are corrected. Here we assess the influence of the configuration of the RCM used in this framework on the representation of wind speed spatial and temporal variability and intense wind events on a daily timescale. Our RCM is ALADIN-Climate, the reanalysis is ERA-40, and the studied area is the Mediterranean Sea. First, the dynamical downscaling significantly reduces the underestimation of daily wind speed, in average by 9 % over the whole Mediterranean. This underestimation has been corrected both globally and locally, and for the whole wind speed spectrum. The correction is the strongest for periods and regions of strong winds. The representation of spatial variability has also been significantly improved. On the other hand, the temporal correlation between the downscaled field and the observations decreases all the more that one moves eastwards, i.e. further from the atmospheric flux entry. Nonetheless, it remains ~0.7, the downscaled dataset reproduces therefore satisfactorily the real chronology. Second, the influence of the choice of the RCM configuration has an influence one order of magnitude smaller than the improvement induced by the initial downscaling. The use of spectral nudging or of a smaller domain helps to improve the realism of the temporal chronology. Increasing the resolution very locally (both spatially and temporally) improves the representation of spatial variability, in particular in regions strongly influenced by the complex surrounding orography. The impact of the interactive air-sea coupling is negligible for the temporal scales examined here. Using two different forcing datasets induces differences on the downscaled fields that are directly related to the differences between those datasets. Our results also show that improving the physics of our RCM is still necessary to increase the realism of our simulations. Finally, the choice of the optimal configuration depends on the scientific objectives of the study for which those wind datasets are used.
Published: 2011
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39. Hydro-Climatology : variability and change : proceedings of symposium J-H02

Author: Mahé, Gil, Orange, Didier, Mariko, a., Bricquet, Jean-Pierre, Frank, S.W. (ed.), Boegh, E. (ed.), Blyth, E. (ed.), Hannah, D.M. (ed.), and Yilmaz, K.K. (ed.)
Subjects: INONDATION, COURS D'EAU, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, PREVISION, NIVEAU DE L'EAU, COUVERT VEGETAL, ESTIMATION, BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE, IMAGE SATELLITE, VARIATION SPATIALE, SATELLITE NOAA, PLAINE INONDABLE, DEBIT
Published: 2011

40. Macroinvertebrate food wed structure in a floodplain lake of the bolivian Amazon

Author: Molina, C.I., Gibon, François-Marie, Oberdorff, Thierry, Dominguez, E., Pinto, J., Marin, R., and Roulet, Marc
Subjects: CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, IMPACT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, NIVEAU TROPHIQUE, INVERTEBRE AQUATIQUE, ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE, FLUX ENERGETIQUE, PLAINE INONDABLE
Published: 2011

41. Spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass related to environmental conditions in the south west lagoon of New Caledonia (2008-2011): joint european MSc degree

Author: Gonzalez, A.
Subjects: SALINITE, PHYTOPLANCTON, BIOMASSE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, LAGON, PRODUCTIVITE BIOLOGIQUE, DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE, CHLOROPHYLLE, TEMPERATURE
Published: 2011

42. Implementation of a 3D coupled hydrodynamic and contaminant fate model for PCDD/Fs in Thau lagoon (France) : the importance of atmospheric sources of contamination

Author: Dimitar Marinov, Sibylle Dueri, Jacek Tronczynski, Annie Fiandrino, and J.M. Zaldívar
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, SALINITE, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, VARIATION SAISONNIERE, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Air pollution, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, hydrodynamic model, QUALITE DE L'AIR, TEMPERATURE, LAGUNE, Air Pollutants, Thau lagoon, Contamination, 6. Clean water, HYDRODYNAMIQUE, France, POLLUTION CHIMIQUE, POLLUTION DES EAUX CONTINENTALES, Temperature salinity diagrams, Article, Air pollutants, COMPOSE AROMATIQUE, medicine, PCDD/F, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, POPs, Benzofurans, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, fate model, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated, Models, Theoretical, Seasonality, medicine.disease, MODELISATION, 13. Climate action, VARIATION SPATIALE, POLLUTION ATMOSPHERIQUE, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: A 3D hydrodynamic and contaminant fate model was implemented for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in Thau lagoon. The hydrodynamic model was tested against temperature and salinity measurements, while the contaminant fate model was assessed against available data collected at different stations inside the lagoon. The model results allow an assessment of the spatial and temporal variability of the distribution of contaminants in the lagoon, the seasonality of loads and the role of atmospheric deposition for the input of PCDD/Fs. The outcome suggests that air is an important source of PCDD/Fs for this ecosystem, therefore the monitoring of air pollution is very appropriate for assessing the inputs of these contaminants. These results call for the development of integrated environmental protection policies.
Published: 2010

43. New Caledonia tropical lagoons : an overview of multidisciplinary investigations

Author: Chabanet, Pascale, Guillemot, Nicolas, Kulbicki, Michel, Vigliola, Laurent, Sarramegna, S., Grenz, Christian (ed.), and Le Borgne, Robert (ed.)
Subjects: RECIF CORALLIEN, POISSON MARIN, BIOMASSE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, INDUSTRIE MINIERE, VARIATION SPATIALE, SURVEILLANCE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, ABONDANCE, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Published: 2010

44. Climate and rainfed agriculture in northeast Brazil

Author: Brabo Alves, J.M., Servain, Jacques, Campos, J.N.B., Servain, Jacques (ed.), Campos, J.N.B. (ed.), Martins, E.S.P.R (ed.), and Reis, D.S. (ed.)
Subjects: TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, ANALYSE DE CORRESPONDANCE, CLIMAT, IMPACT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, PRODUCTION AGRICOLE, SURFACE MARINE
Published: 2010

45. Biogeochemical typology and temporal variability of lagoon waters in a coral reef ecosystem subject to terrigeneous and anthropogenic inputs (New Caledonia)

Author: Philippe Gérard, Renaud Fichez, F. Gutierrez, Sylvain Ouillon, Aymeric Jouon, Sandrine Chifflet, Christian Grenz, Pascal Douillet, Grenz, Christian (ed.), Le Borgne, Robert (ed.), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRD, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa (IRD), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, OPLC, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa (DCBS), DCBS, Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Biogéochimique (LOPB), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques ( CAMELIA ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Guyanne] ), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille ( COM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, IRD, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa ( IRD ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa ( DCBS ), ECOLA LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales ( LEGOS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Biologique ( LOPB ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, SALINITE, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SEL NUTRITIF, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Trophic status, CYCLE BIOGEOCHIMIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, LAGON, Cluster Analysis, Water pollution, TEMPERATURE, Trophic level, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, IMPACT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, NIVEAU TROPHIQUE, Coral reef, Anthozoa, Pollution, Seasons, Environmental Monitoring, Biogeochemical cycle, Aquatic Science, Coral reef lagoon, New Caledonia, Animals, Seawater, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Chlorophyll A, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biogeochemistry, Temporal variability, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, RECIF CORALLIEN, Typology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Hydrology, Eutrophication, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; Considering the growing concern about the impact of anthropogenic inputs on coral reefs and coral reef lagoons, surprisingly little attention has been given to the relationship between those inputs and the trophic status of lagoon waters. The present paper describes the distribution of biogeochemical parameters in the coral reef lagoon of New Caledonia where environmental conditions allegedly range from pristine oligotrophic to anthropogenically influenced. The study objectives were to: (i) identify terrigeneous and anthropogenic inputs and propose a typology of lagoon waters, (ii) determine temporal variability of water biogeochemical parameters at time-scales ranging from hours to seasons. Combined ACP-cluster analyses revealed that over the 2000 km2 lagoon area around the city of Nouméa, "natural" terrigeneous versus oceanic influences affecting all stations only accounted for less than 20% of the spatial variability whereas 60% of that spatial variability could be attributed to significant eutrophication of a limited number of inshore stations. ACP analysis allowed to unambiguously discriminating between the natural trophic enrichment along the offshore-inshore gradient and anthropogenically induced eutrophication. High temporal variability in dissolved inorganic nutrients concentrations strongly hindered their use as indicators of environmental status. Due to longer turn over time, particulate organic material and more specifically chlorophyll a appeared as more reliable nonconservative tracer of trophic status. Results further provided evidence that ENSO occurrences might temporarily lower the trophic status of the New Caledonia lagoon. It is concluded that, due to such high frequency temporal variability, the use of biogeochemical parameters in environmental surveys require adapted sampling strategies, data management and environmental alert methods.
Published: 2010
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46. Climate-scale hydrographic features related to foraging success in a capital breeder, the northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris

Author: Simmons, S.E., Crocker, D.E., Hassrick, J.L., Kuhn, C.E., Robinson, P.W., Tremblay, Yann, and Costa, D.P.
Subjects: VARIATION TEMPORELLE, DONNEES SATELLITE, MIGRATION TROPHIQUE, VARIATION SPATIALE, ETHOLOGIE, MAMMIFERE MARIN, HABITAT, RELATION PREDATEUR PROIE
Published: 2010

47. Global Change : facing risks and threats to water resources : proceedings of the sixth world FRIEND conference

Author: Servat, Eric (ed.), Demuth, S. (ed.), Dezetter, Alain (ed.), Daniell, T. (ed.), Ferrari, E. (collab.), Ijjaali, M. (collab.), Jabrane, R. (collab.), Van Lanen, H. (collab.), and Huang, Y. (collab.)
Subjects: REGIME HYDROLOGIQUE, QUALITE DE L'EAU, RESSOURCES EN EAU, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, ECOULEMENT, EAU SOUTERRAINE, TELEDETECTION, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE, SECHERESSE, GESTION DE L'EAU, MODELISATION, DEBIT, BASSIN VERSANT, INONDATION, COURS D'EAU, PREVISION, PLUIE, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, HYDROCLIMAT, VARIATION SPATIALE, SIMULATION, CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIQUE, GESTION DU RISQUE, SUREXPLOITATION, CRUE, UTILISATION DU SOL
Published: 2010

48. Circulation and suspended sediment transport in a coral reef lagoon: The south-west lagoon of New Caledonia

Author: Richard Laganier, Jérôme Lefèvre, Philippe Bonneton, Pascal Douillet, Franck Dumas, Serge Andréfouët, Patrick Marchesiello, J.P. Lefebvre, Olivier Magand, Sylvain Ouillon, Jean-Michel Fernandez, Renaud Fichez, Jean-Yves Panche, A. Bel Madani, Aymeric Jouon, P. Le Hir, C. Chevillon, R. Le Gendre, Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire de physique hydrodynamique et sédimentaire (DYNECO/PHYSED), Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Grenz, Christian (ed.), Le Borgne, Robert (ed.), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CLIPS, CHANG, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), PNEC Grant NNG04F090G to Serge Andréfouët, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ECOLA LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales ( LEGOS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa ( UAM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), IFREMER ( IFREMER ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique ( PRODIG ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique hydrodynamique et sédimentaire ( DYNECO/PHYSED ), Instituto del Mar del Peru ( IMARPE ), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Wind, Oceanography, SEDIMENT, 01 natural sciences, Resuspension, Turbidity, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, LAGON, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Temperature, MATIERE EN SUSPENSION, Coral reef, Anthozoa, Pollution, Turbidite, Suspended sediment, Seasons, Sediment transport, [ SDU.STU.GL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Coral reef lagoon, New Caledonia, Water Movements, Animals, Seawater, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 14. Life underwater, ANALYSE QUANTITATIVE, Particle Size, Reef, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Terrigenous sediment, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, TURBIDITE, Models, Theoretical, Inlet, VARIATION SPATIALE, Hydrodynamics, Environmental science, Sediment
Abstract: International audience; The south-west lagoon of New Caledonia is a wide semi-open coral reef lagoon bounded by an intertidal barrier reef and bisected by numerous deep inlets. This paper synthesizes findings from the 2000-2008 French National Program EC2CO-PNEC relative to the circulation and the transport of suspended particles in this lagoon. Numerical model development (hydrodynamic, fine suspended sediment transport, wind-wave, small-scale atmospheric circulation) allowed the determination of circulation patterns in the lagoon and the charting of residence time, the later of which has been recently used in a series of ecological studies. Topical studies based on field measurements permitted the parameterisation of wave set-up induced by the swell breaking on the reef barrier and the validation of a wind-wave model in a fetch-limited environment. The analysis of spatial and temporal variability of suspended matter concentration over short and long time-scales, the measurement of grain size distribution and the density of suspended matter (1.27 kg l−1), and the estimation of erodibility of heterogeneous (sand/mud, terrigenous/biogenic) soft bottoms was also conducted. Aggregates were shown to be more abundant near or around reefs and a possible biological influence on this aggregation is discussed. Optical measurements enabled the quantification of suspended matter either in situ (monochromatic measurements) or remotely (surface spectral measurements and satellite observations) and provided indirect calibration and validation of a suspended sediment transport model. The processes that warrant further investigation in order to improve our knowledge of circulation and suspended sediment transport in the New Caledonia lagoon as well as in other coral reef areas are discussed, as are the relevance and reliability of the numerical models for this endeavour.
Published: 2010
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49. Amazonia and global change

Author: Melack, J.M., Novo, E.M.L.M., Forsberg, B.R., Piedade, M.T.F., Maurice, Laurence, Keller, M. (ed.), Bustamante, M. (ed.), Gash, J. (ed.), and Silva Dias, P. (ed.)
Subjects: COUVERT VEGETAL, ESPECE COMMERCIALE, FONCTIONNEMENT DE L'ECOSYSTEME, TELEDETECTION SPATIALE, CARBONE, EXPLOITATION DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES, PLAINE INONDABLE, CYCLE BIOGEOCHIMIQUE, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, METHANE, REGIME HDROLOGIQUE, VARIATION SPATIALE, SEDIMENTATION CONTINENTALE, POISSON
Published: 2009

50. Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific Warm Pool

Author: Dongxiao Zhang, Michael J. McPhaden, Thierry Delcroix, Julie Leloup, Sophie Cravatte, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), and University of Miami [Coral Gables]
Subjects: SALINITE, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, CLIMATOLOGIE, 01 natural sciences, VARIATION TEMPORELLE, Trend surface analysis, South Pacific convergence zone, 14. Life underwater, Water cycle, TEMPERATURE, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global warming, CYCLE HYDROLOGIQUE, Global change, SURFACE MARINE, Western Hemisphere Warm Pool, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Trends in observed sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature are analyzed for the tropical Pacific during 1955–2003. Since 1955, the western Pacific Warm Pool has significantly warmed and freshened, whereas SSS has been increasing in the western Coral Sea and part of the subtropical ocean. Waters warmer than 28.5°C warmed on average by 0.29°C, and freshened by 0.34 pss per 50 years. Our study also indicates a significant horizontal extension of the warm and fresh surface waters, an expansion of the warm waters volume, and a notable eastward extension of the SSS fronts located on the equator and under the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Mixed layer depth changes examined along 137°E and 165°E are complex, but suggest an increase in the equatorial barrier layer thickness. Our study also reveals consistency between observed SSS trends and a mean hydrological cycle increase inferred from Clausius–Clapeyron scaling, as predicted under global warming scenarios. Possible implications of these changes for ocean–atmosphere interactions and El Niño events are discussed.
Published: 2009
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