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The paper presents the solution of the wave equation describing the attenuation of the vibration amplitude in the soil during pile driving. It is suggested that in the soil there is the area around the pile where the energy dissipates due to plastic deformations, and then the areas of the elastic state where surface waves propagate. In the framework of the wave model, the connections have been determined between vertical vibrations of the embedded solid body circular in plane and the motions in the area of the elastic soil state which is described by an integrity of infinitely thin layers. The interaction of the pile and soil in the plastic deformations area is beyond our consideration, though its size is of high importance for the problem solution. The formula has been derived, which permits, having the result of amplitude measurement in any point by a vibrometer and the position of surface wave propagation boundary, evaluating the soil vibrations at different distances from the pile driving point. The quantitative and qualitative agreement of the measured amplitudes and results of analysis obtained during test pile embedment performed during field measurements and found in references proves that the proposed model can be used to increase the accuracy of evaluation of the vertical soil vibrations.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. Recently, evidence has emerged about the influence of microbiota on the development of this disease. However, studies on the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC have been incomplete. In addition, there are no comprehensive studies of the causes of ulcerative colitis and data on the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis in Russia. We carried out a study of the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy individuals. We found significant changes in the bacteria genera and species in patients with UC compared with the control group using sequencing on the IonTorrent PGM system and subsequent data analysis. In our study we observed a significant increase of the genus Haemophilus, Olsenella, Prevotella, Cedecea, Peptostreptococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Negativibacillus, Butyrivibrio, and the species Bacteroides coprocola, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Dialister succinatiphilus, Sutterella wadsworthensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, in patients with ulcerative colitis there was a significant decrease in the genus Fusicatenibacter, Butyricimonas, Lactococcus, Eisenbergiella, Coprobacter, Cutibacterium, Falsochrobactrum, Brevundimonas, Yersinia, Leuconostoc and in the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans. We found confirmation of our data with literary sources and studies of UC. In addition, we discovered a few taxa such as Negativibacillus spp. and Falsochrobactrum spp. that have not been previously found in human stool samples. Our data confirm that more research is needed to understand the role of microbiome changes in the development of UC in different people populations.

The expression of genes, encoding number of cytochrome electron transport pathway components, alternative cyanide-resistant oxidase (AOX) and uncoupling protein, protein content and capacity of cytochrome and alternative pathways in the mitochondria from shoots of winter wheat etiolated seedlings (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Irkutskaya’) under low (7 days, 2 - 3 °C) and subzero (2 days, -2 – -3 °C) temperatures were studied. These temperatures are necessary for increasing of winter cereals frost-resistance. The capacity of mitochondria to oxidize the different substrates and possible mechanisms of AOX activity regulation were examined. It was shown that to 7 days of cold hardening the participation of cytochrome pathway into respiration was decreased but the participation of alternative pathway and AOX protein content was increased. The AOX activity was related to free fatty acids content. Using qRT-PCR with SYBR Green I the changes of gene expression of mitochondrial proteins under cold hardening were detected, differential expression of ucp1a and ucp1b and coordinated expression of ucp1a and aox1a were observed. Accumulation of aox1a transcripts, increase of AOX protein content and activation of alternative pathway capacity under cold hardening were accompanied the decreasing of antimycine A-dependent and increasing of benzhydroxamic acid-dependent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria from hardened seedlings. Cold hardening of winter wheat seedlings was accompanied with maintaining of outer mitochondrial membrane intactness, the decreasing of ROS content and lipid peroxidation products in mitochondria under following cold shock (-8 °C, 6 h). Thus cold hardening of winter wheat seedlings caused coordinated expression of genes related to non-phosphorylating electron transport pathways that led to changes of energetic cell metabolism, aimed at increasing of adaptive possibilities of plant organism.