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Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (psPNET) is a rare entity with few cases reported in literature. We report a case of a 50-year-old female who presented to us with paraplegia and was diagnosed with extradural dorsal spine psPNET. The diagnosis was not suspected at presentation or on radiology but was established on histopathological examination. It is important to distinguish it from central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors and from other spinal tumors since it follows a different clinical course and therapeutic outcome.

Extreme degree of rotation and flexion of the head during posterior fossa surgeries can lead to acute post-operative submandibular sialadenitis that can cause respiratory compromise. Identification of this problem is vital to prevent deterioration in the early post-operative period. This condition responds well to conservative management provided airway obstruction is taken care of. We discuss a case of a 63-year-old female, with a left side vestibular schwannoma who developed airway obstruction in post-operative period due to swelling of right submandibular gland. Various possible mechanisms leading to this condition and related literature are briefy reviewed.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever leading to hemorrhage in pituitary adenoma is not reported till date: We herein report the first case of bilateral visual loss secondary to pituitary adenoma hemorrhage associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Urgent transnasal trans sphenoidal decompression of the macroadenoma prevented permanent visual loss in this patient. Pituitary apoplexy should be considered as differential diagnosis of visual deterioration apart from retinal hemorrhage, maculopathy, and optic neuropathy in cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Early decompression of optic nerves helped in the restoration of vision.

Background: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a common type of spinal vascular lesion. However, there has not been any published study on its clinico-radiological characteristics or surgical outcome from India. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the clinico-radiological features of patients with SDAVF; outcomes following surgical ligation of the fistula and the various factors involved. Materials and Methods: Patients who were operated for SDAVF were studied for demographic details, symptoms, clinical severity, radiological features and neurological outcome in the form of improvement in gait disability grades. Appropriate statistical tests were performed. Results: There were 22 (19 males, 3 females) patients of SDAVF who underwent surgical ligation with a mean age of 55 years. The mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 1 5 months. Three patients had acute onset while the rest had insidious onset of symptoms. Out of the 22 patients, 1 1 (50%) had motor weakness as the first symptom, 1 3 (59%) were bedridden and 19 (86.4%) had bladder involvement at presentation. Thirteen patients had fistulae in thoracic spine, whereas eight had fistulae in the lumbar spine. All had a favorable outcome in the form of at least non-progression of gait disability (14 had improvement while 8 had stabilized). The improvement was non-significantly associated withjounger age, acute onset, ambulant status and fistula below T9. It was inversely associated with pain as the first symptom and fluctuant clinical course. Conclusion: Surgical occlusion of SDAVF is usually associated with either improvement or stabilization of motor weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]