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Studied features of vascular-tissue ratios of mucous membrane of the lower third of the esophagus of human fetus and adult persons as the basis of resistance of mucous membrane to metaplasia. It is shown that the formation of the inner layer of the lower third of the esophagus are in direct connection with the formation of how the structure of the body, so his vascularization.

Context. The task of planning multifactorial experiments is important in science and industrial production. In the context of competition, rising costs, and increasing efficiency, it is necessary to optimize plans for multifactorial experiments in terms of cost and time. To solve this problem, there are a number of approaches and methods, the choice of which for a competitive technical task is an important and difficult task. In this regard, there is a need to develop new methods for optimizing the cost (time) of multifactorial experiment plans, compare them with existing methods, and give recommendations for practical application in the study of real objects. Objective. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the method of growing trees, to evaluate its effectiveness in comparison with other methods. The following tasks has been solved to achieve this goal: the proposed method of growing trees has been implemented in the form of software; the method has been used to optimize plans for multifactorial experiments in the study of real objects; its effectiveness has been evaluated in comparison with other methods; recommendations for its use were given. Method. The proposed method of growing trees is based on the application of graph theory. The advantage of the method is the reduction of time for solving optimization problems related to the construction of optimal plans for multifactorial experiments in terms of cost (time) expenses. Another characteristic feature is the high accuracy of solving optimization problems. Results. The results of experiments and comparisons with other optimization methods confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and allow us to recommend it for the study of objects with the number of significant factors k ≤ 7. It is promising to further expand the range of scientific and industrial objects for their study using this method. Conclusions. A growing tree method has been developed for the optimization of multifactorial experimental plans in terms of cost and time expenditures, along with software that implements it using the Angular framework and the TypeScript programming language. The effectiveness of the growing tree method is shown in comparison with the following methods: complete and limited enumeration, monkey search, modified Gray code application, and bacterial optimization. The growing tree method is faster than complete enumeration and can be applied to optimize multifactorial experimental plans in terms of cost (time) expenses for objects with a number of factors k ≤ 7. In solving optimization problems, the method of growing trees gives better results compared to monkey search, limited enumeration and bacterial optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragment mass distributions of 238U fission by deuterons with the energy 37 MeV measured by the γ-spectrometry method on the U-240 cyclotron of INR National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are given. Fragment mass distribution has an asymmetric form. The thin structure corresponding to the fission product yields with masses of 104, 111, 126, 132 a. e. m. was observed.

Free films (targets) from high-melting chromium, scandium, zirconium, iron, copper isotopes of textured structures are prepared and explored by the method of thermal sputtering. About 2 sm2 films of ≤ 0,5 mg/sm2 thickness with homogeneity about 1 % and high cleanness ensure the opportunity to study nuclear reactions with the required precision measurement accuracy.

Mass distributions of fission fragments in 238U+p interaction at proton energies 35, 50, and 70 MeV were measured using γ-spectrometer method. Yields of fission fragments show fine structure which can be caused by peculiarities of the fissioning nucleus formation and by the influence of isomer states in the second minimum of two-humped barrier on the fission channel.

The simple theoretical model of heating side walls by laser plasma in the laser drilling of high aspect ratio microvias in metals and semiconductors is proposed. According to this model the recommendations are given on how to avoid the undesirable effect of melting side walls by laser plasma, strongly deteriorating microdrilling quality. The obtained results constitute a physical basis for the development of clean laser microdrilling. Particular estimations are given for the laser drilling of silicon wafers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]