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1. Risk of Bowel Obstruction in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for High-risk Colon Cancer: A Nested Case-control Matched Analysis of an International, Multi-centre, Randomised Controlled Trial (FOxTROT)

Author

Glasbey, James, Glasbey, James, Beggs, Andrew, Glimelius, Bengt, Gray, Richard, Handley, Kelly, Laurberg, Søren, Magill, Laura, Murakami, Keigo, Palmer, Andy, Quirke, Philip, Seligman, Jenny, Seymour, Matt, Sinha, Yash, West, Nick, Morton, Dion, Glasbey, James, Handley, Kelly, Palmer, Andy, Morton, Dion, Crosby, T., Olliff, J., Peto (Chair), R., Brown, Gina, Ferry, David, Glimelius, Bengt, Gray, Richard, Handley, Kelly, Ismail, Tariq, Laurberg, Søren, Magill, Laura, Morton, Dion, Oliver, Alf, Quirke, Phil, Seymour, Matt, Scott, Nigel, Seligman, Jenny, Swift, Ian, Warren, Bryan, West, Nick, Northover, J., Parmar (Chair), M., Slevin, M., Magill, Laura, Gray, Richard, Handley, Kelly, Wilcockson, Adrian, Gray, Zoe, Lancaster, Dominic, Brown, James, Palmer, Andrew, Adie, Ladan, Kennedy, Georgia, Eld, M., Holt, G., Yilmaz, M., Spendler, K. Garm, Hansen, F., Laurberg, S., Rosenkilde, M., Ahlstrom, H., Glimelius, B., Abgamu, D., Day, N., Walsh, C., Bannister, J., Furniss, D., Morgan, S., Walkington, L., Yates, S., Branagan, G., Mustajab, A., O’Neil, H., Rees, C., Geh, I., Hendrickse, C., Langman, G., Pallan, A., Conn, A., Lowe, A., Ostrowski, J., Steward, M., Callaway, M., Falk, S., Thomas, M., Wong, N., Cast, J., Hartley, J., Roy, R., Tiam, R., Blunt, D., Cleator, S., Dawson, P., Goldin, R., Gujral, D., Lowdell, C., Ziprin, P., Clenton, S., Dewdney, A., Euinton, H., Furniss, D., Gupta, R., Tarapowewalla, D., Wilshaw, V., Braun, M., Chakrabarty, B., Hill, J., Laasch, H., Saunders, M., Cruickshank, N., Davies, M., Muzaffar, S., Orme, A., Punia, P., Rea, D., Campbell, F., Hughes, M., Palmer, D., Rooney, P., Abbott, G., Hamid, B., Vimalachandran, D., Berry, J., Hinson, F., Maarouf, Z., Nicoll, J., Adams, C., Denson, J., Jackson, S., Sherriff, D., Kweka, E., McAdam, G., Peters, M., Roy, R., Khaira, M., Kurien, G., Robinson, J., Wadsley, J., White, D., Young, R., Dega, R., Lamparelli, M., Orbell, J., Osborne, R., Taylor, P., Thomas, T., Gopalakrishnan, K., Jadhav, V., Scott-Brown, M., Baijal, S., Chapman, M., Glaholm, J., Nelson, C., Singh, R., Harrison, J., Last, K., Scott, D., Scullion, D., Lind, P., Milosavljevic, Z., Dent, J., Ilsley, D., Littleford, S., Roberts, C., Crabtree, M., Orrell, J., Sherwin, E., Smith, S., Soomal, R., Braun, M., De, A., Khan, A., Khan, U., Lavin, V., McBain, C., Radharkrishna, G., Sil, R., Weerasinghe, S., Hill, J., Lee, S., Wright, P., Church, R., Holland, C., Kunene, V., Thompson, A., Glynne-Jones, R., Goh, V., Livingstone, J., Richman, P., Barlow, C., Burn, P., Geraghty, J., Walther, J., Grumett, S., Mangalika, S., Qaiyum, M., Williams, G., Borgstein, R., Bridgewater, J., Melville, D., Rees, J., Coxon, F., Hainsworth, P., Needham, S., Scott, J., Asmussen, J., Hansen, T., Jensen, K., Pfeiffer, P., Alkhaldi, A., Brittenden, J., Jackson, A., Kamposioras, K., Kumaran, G., Macklin, C., Alexander, J., Harle, A., Hickish, T., Talbot, R., Tarver, D., Bridgewater, J., Partridge, W., Sundaresan, V., Vivekanandan, S., Agrawal, N., Higginson, A., Muthuramalingam, S., O’Leary, D., Devarajan, G., Gulati, M., Kerwat, R., Maisey, N., Mikhaeel, G., Ismail, T., Middleton, G., Page, A., Steven, N., Taniere, P., Gutmann, J., Huang, J., Raouf, S., Dunn, W., Escola, C. Lopez, Potter, V., Scholefield, J., Walker, G., Zaitoun, A., Eason, D., McPhail, N., Mmeka, W., Stenhouse, G., Watson, A., Fozard, B., Hickish, T., Snape, S., Ellis, R., Faux, W., Jenkins, R., Maskell, G., Kulkarni, R., Lund, J., Menon, S., Singh, R., Chandler, I., Daniels, I., Harries, S., Osborne, M., Bell, J., Krell, D., Mayer, A., Ogunbiyi, O., Watkins, J., Bronder, C., Eaton, D., Taylor, A., Brown, G., Cunningham, D., Tekkis, P., Wotherspoon, A., Dobson, M., Mitchell, P., Pitt, M., Scott, N., Susnerwala, S., Adab, F., Britton, I., Ghiridaran, S., Howitt, C., Kirby, R., Biddlestone, L., Dalton, S., De Winton, E., Phillips, A., Ferry, D., Grumett, S., Kawesha, A., Maleki, K., Momtahan, N., Burnett, H., Hayes, S., Soop, M., Branagan, G., Cook, I., Cook, S., Iveson, T., Shablak, A., Coup, A., Hamid, A., Moore, P., O’Toole, L., Pai, D., Bateman, A., Bateman, A., Blaquiere, R., Nichols, P., Chappell, M., Dworkin, M., Jain, S., Tsang, D., Hopkins, K., Loveday, E., Lyons, A., Rooney, N., Ali, N., Chatterjee, M., Chiphang, A., Dundas, S., Myint, A. Sun, Zeiderman, M., Beharry, N., Chong, H., Lofts, F., Melville, D., Finan, P., Seymour, M., Tolan, D., West, N., Anyamene, N., Burling, D., Kennedy, R., Moorghen, M., Agrawal, S., Hasan, J., Mehta, S., Saeed, M., Burgess, P., John, L., Lowndes, S., Planner, A., Campbell, F., Hughes, M., Rooney, P., Smith, D., Hochhauser, D., Obichere, A., Rodriguez-Justo, M., Shiu, K., Taylor, S., Correa, P., James, S., Shatwell, W., Williams, N., Brady, J., Lanaspre, E., Mikhaeel, G., Ahmad, M., Gill, T., Wilson, D., Adams, R., Beehen, R., Morgan, M., Lindh, B., Adams, R., Morgan, M., Ford, A., Gopal, K., Pranesh, N., Shareef, D., Tighe, M., Busby, K., Correa, P., Sanders, S., Sinha, R., Ahmad, R., Desai, S., Ramesh, S., Hilman, S., Lott, M., O’Brien, J., Radstone, D., West, D., Amin, S., Hampton, J., Hornbuckle, J., Kitsanta, P., Ali, M., Desai, A., Hadaki, M., Hall, M., Arul, D., Hochhauser, D., Leonard, P., Mukhtar, H., Murray, D., Baxter, A., Churn, M., Farrugia, D., Lake, S., Smith, G., Bansal, A., Chandran, P., Corr, C., Gollins, S., Davenport, A., Saunders, M., Sukumar, S., Bathurst, N., Beaumont, E., Cooper, E., Francis, N., Sephton, M., Sparrow, G., Clarke, A., Haselden, J., Last, K., Woodcock, N., Atkinson, M., Gollins, S., Gupta, M., Maw, A., Abdullah, N., Bale, C., and Lord, M.

Published
2023
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5. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study

Author

Primrose, JN, Fox, RP, Morement, H, Chan, O, Rees, C, Ma, YT, Hickish, T, Falk, S, Finch-Jones, M, Pope, I, Corrie, P, Crosby, T, Sothi, S, Sharkland, K, Adamson, D, Wall, L, Evans, J, Dent, J, Hombaiah, U, Iwuji, C, Anthoney, A, Bridgewater, J, Cunningham, D, Gillmore, R, Ross, P, Slater, S, Wasan, H, Waters, J, Valle, JW, Palmer, D, Malik, H, Neoptolemos, J, Faluyi, O, Sumpter, K, Dernedde, U, Maduhusudan, S, Cogill, G, Archer, C, Iveson, T, Wadsley, J, Darby, S, Peterson, M, Mukhtar, AA, Thorpe, JG, Bateman, A, Tsang, D, Cummins, S, Nolan, L, Beaumont, E, Prasad, R, Mirza, D, Stocken, D, Praseedom, R, Davidson, B, Raftery, J, Zhu, S, Garden, J, Stubbs, C, Coxon, F, Primrose, John N, Fox, Richard P, Palmer, Daniel H, Malik, Hassan Z, Prasad, Raj, Mirza, Darius, Anthony, Alan, Corrie, Pippa, Falk, Stephen, Finch-Jones, Meg, Wasan, Harpreet, Ross, Paul, Wall, Lucy, Wadsley, Jonathan, Evans, Jeff T R, Stocken, Deborah, Praseedom, Raaj, Ma, Yuk Ting, Davidson, Brian, Neoptolemos, John P, Iveson, Tim, Raftery, James, Zhu, Shihua, Cunningham, David, Garden, O James, Stubbs, Clive, Valle, Juan W, and Bridgewater, John

Published
2019
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6. Adding abiraterone or docetaxel to long-term hormone therapy for prostate cancer: directly randomised data from the STAMPEDE multi-arm, multi-stage platform protocol

Author

Sydes, M.R., Spears, M.R., Mason, M.D., Clarke, N.W., Dearnaley, D.P., de Bono, J.S., Attard, G., Chowdhury, S., Cross, W., Gillessen, S., Malik, Z.I., Jones, R., Parker, C.C., Ritchie, A.W.S., Russell, J.M., Millman, R., Matheson, D., Amos, C., Gilson, C., Birtle, A., Brock, S., Capaldi, L., Chakraborti, P., Choudhury, A., Evans, L., Ford, D., Gale, J., Gibbs, S., Gilbert, D.C., Hughes, R., McLaren, D., Lester, J.F., Nikapota, A., O’Sullivan, J., Parikh, O., Peedell, C., Protheroe, A., Rudman, S.M., Shaffer, R., Sheehan, D., Simms, M., Srihari, N., Strebel, R., Sundar, S., Tolan, S., Tsang, D., Varughese, M., Wagstaff, J., Parmar, M.K.B., and James, N.D.

Published
2018
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8. A luminous precursor in the extremely bright GRB 230307A

Author

Dichiara, S., Tsang, D., Troja, E., Neill, D., Norris, J. P., and Yang, Y. H.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

GRB 230307A is an extremely bright long duration GRB with an observed gamma-ray fluence of $\gtrsim$3$\times$10$^{-3}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ (10--1000 keV), second only to GRB 221009A. Despite its long duration, it is possibly associated with a kilonova, thus resembling the case of GRB 211211A. In analogy with GRB 211211A, we distinguish three phases in the prompt gamma-ray emission of GRB 230307A: an initial short duration, spectrally soft emission; a main long duration, spectrally hard burst; a temporally extended and spectrally soft tail. We intepret the initial soft pulse as a bright precursor to the main burst and compare its properties with models of precursors from compact binary mergers. We find that to explain the brightness of GRB 230307A, a magnetar-like ($\gtrsim 10^{15}$ G) magnetic field should be retained by the progenitor neutron star. Alternatively, in the post-merger scenario, the luminous precursor could point to the formation of a rapidly rotating massive neutron star., 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, submitted

Published
2023

10. Stable isotope fractionation of thallium as novel evidence for its geochemical transfer during lead‑zinc smelting activities

Author

Zhou, Y., He, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Lippold, H., Bao, Z., Wang, L., Lin, Y., Fang, F., Huang, Y., Jiang, Y., Xiao, T., Yuan, W., Wei, X., and Tsang, D. C. W.

Subjects
Tl isotope, Tl contamination, Rayleigh fractionation, Pb-Zn smelting
Abstract

Thallium(Tl) is a highly toxic trace metal. Lead(Pb)-zinc(Zn) smelting, which is a pillar industry in various countries, is regarded as one of the dominant anthropogenic sources of Tl contamination in the environment. In this study, thallium isotope data have been evaluated for raw material and a set of industrial wastes produced at different stages of Pb-Zn smelting in a representative large facility located by the North River, South China, in order to capture Tl isotope signatures of such typical anthropogenic origin for laying the foundation of tracking Tl pollution. Large variations in Tl isotopic compositions of raw Pb-Zn ores and solid smelting wastes produced along the process chain were observed. The ε205Tl value of raw Pb-Zn ores and return fines are −0.87 ± 0.26 and −1.0 ± 0.17, respectively, contrasted by increasingly more negative values for electrostatic precipitator dust (ε205Tl = −2.03 ± 0.14), lime neutralizing slag (ε205Tl = −2.36 ± 0.18), and acid sludge (ε205Tl = −4.62 ± 0.76). The heaviest ε205Tl (1.12 ± 0.51) was found in clinker. These results show that isotopic fractionation occurs during the smelting processes. Obviously, the lighter Tl isotope is enriched in the vapor phase (−3.75 ε205Tl units). Further XPS and STEM-EDS analyses show that Tl isotope fractionation conforms to the Rayleigh fractionation model, and adsorption of 205Tl onto hematite (Fe2O3) may play an important role in the enrichment of the heavier Tl isotope. The findings demonstrate that Tl isotope analysis is a robust tool to aid our understanding of Tl behavior in smelting processes and to provide a basis for source apportionment of Tl contaminations.

Published
2022

12. DNA methylation profiling to predict recurrence risk in meningioma: development and validation of a nomogram to optimize clinical management

Author

Nassiri F., Mamatjan Y., Suppiah S., Badhiwala J. H., Mansouri S., Karimi S., Saarela O., Poisson L., Gepfner-Tuma I., Schittenhelm J., Ng H. -K., Noushmehr H., Harter P., Baumgarten P., Weller M., Preusser M., Herold-Mende C., Tatagiba M., Tabatabai G., Sahm F., Von Deimling A., Aldape K., Au K., Barnhartz-Sloan J., Bi W. L., Brastianos P. K., Butowski N., Carlotti C., Cusimano M. D., Dimeco F., Drummond K., Dunn I. F., Galanis E., Giannini C., Goldbrunner R., Griffith B., Hashizume R., Hanemann C. O., Horbinski C., Huang R. Y., James D., Jenkinson M. D., Jungk C., Kaufman T. J., Krischek B., Lachance D., Lafougere C., Lee I., Liu J. C., Malta T. M., Mawrin C., McDermott M., Munoz D., Perry A., Pirouzmand F., Poisson L. M., Pollo B., Raleigh D., Saladino A., Santarius T., Schichor C., Schultz D., Schmidt N. O., Selman W., Sloan A., Spears J., Snyder J., Tirapelli D., Tonn J. C., Tsang D., Vogelbaum M. A., Wen P. Y., Walbert T., Westphal M., Workewych A. M., Zadeh G., Aldape K. D., Nassiri F., Mamatjan Y., Suppiah S., Badhiwala J.H., Mansouri S., Karimi S., Saarela O., Poisson L., Gepfner-Tuma I., Schittenhelm J., Ng H.-K., Noushmehr H., Harter P., Baumgarten P., Weller M., Preusser M., Herold-Mende C., Tatagiba M., Tabatabai G., Sahm F., Von Deimling A., Aldape K., Au K., Barnhartz-Sloan J., Bi W.L., Brastianos P.K., Butowski N., Carlotti C., Cusimano M.D., Dimeco F., Drummond K., Dunn I.F., Galanis E., Giannini C., Goldbrunner R., Griffith B., Hashizume R., Hanemann C.O., Horbinski C., Huang R.Y., James D., Jenkinson M.D., Jungk C., Kaufman T.J., Krischek B., Lachance D., Lafougere C., Lee I., Liu J.C., Malta T.M., Mawrin C., McDermott M., Munoz D., Perry A., Pirouzmand F., Poisson L.M., Pollo B., Raleigh D., Saladino A., Santarius T., Schichor C., Schultz D., Schmidt N.O., Selman W., Sloan A., Spears J., Snyder J., Tirapelli D., Tonn J.C., Tsang D., Vogelbaum M.A., Wen P.Y., Walbert T., Westphal M., Workewych A.M., Zadeh G., and Aldape K.D.

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, recurrence, predictor, ESTUDOS DE VALIDAÇÃO, Meningioma, nomogram, Internal medicine, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Meningeal Neoplasms, Humans, Survival rate, Retrospective Studies, Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Assay, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Cancer, Disease Management, Retrospective cohort study, Nomogram, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Survival Rate, Clinical research, Basic and Translational Investigations, Neurology (clinical), methylation, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background Variability in standard-of-care classifications precludes accurate predictions of early tumor recurrence for individual patients with meningioma, limiting the appropriate selection of patients who would benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy to delay recurrence. We aimed to develop an individualized prediction model of early recurrence risk combining clinical and molecular factors in meningioma. Methods DNA methylation profiles of clinically annotated tumor samples across multiple institutions were used to develop a methylome model of 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). Subsequently, a 5-year meningioma recurrence score was generated using a nomogram that integrated the methylome model with established prognostic clinical factors. Performance of both models was evaluated and compared with standard-of-care models using multiple independent cohorts. Results The methylome-based predictor of 5-year RFS performed favorably compared with a grade-based predictor when tested using the 3 validation cohorts (ΔAUC = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.018) and was independently associated with RFS after adjusting for histopathologic grade, extent of resection, and burden of copy number alterations (hazard ratio 3.6, 95% CI: 1.8–7.2, P < 0.001). A nomogram combining the methylome predictor with clinical factors demonstrated greater discrimination than a nomogram using clinical factors alone in 2 independent validation cohorts (ΔAUC = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.22–0.27) and resulted in 2 groups with distinct recurrence patterns (hazard ratio 7.7, 95% CI: 5.3–11.1, P < 0.001) with clinical implications. Conclusions The models developed and validated in this study provide important prognostic information not captured by previously established clinical and molecular factors which could be used to individualize decisions regarding postoperative therapeutic interventions, in particular whether to treat patients with adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation alone.

Published
2019

13. Quantitative isotopic fingerprinting of thallium associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fluvial sediment cores with multiple anthropogenic sources

Author

Liu, J., Zhou, Y., She, J., Tsang, D. C. W., Lippold, H., Wang, J., Jiang, Y., Wei, X., Yuan, W., Luo, X., Zhai, S., and Song, L.

Subjects
Spatial distribution, Thallium contamination, Pollution risk assessment, Multiple end-members, Isotopic tracing
Abstract

Thallium (Tl) is a dispersed trace metal showing remarkable toxicity. Various anthropogenic activities may generate Tl contamination in river sediments, posing tremendous risks to aquatic life and human health. This paper aimed to provide insight into the vertical distribution, risk assessment and source tracing of Tl and other potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (lead, cadmium, zinc and copper) in three representative sediment cores from a riverine catchment impacted by multiple anthropogenic activities (such as steel-making and Pb-Zn smelting). The results showed high accumulations of Tl combined with associated PTEs in the depth profiles. Calculations according to three risk assessment methods by enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) all indicated a significant contamination by Tl in all the sediments. Furthermore, lead isotopes were analyzed to fingerprint the contamination sources and to calculate their quantitative contributions to the sediments using the IsoSource software. The results indicated that a steel-making plant was the most important contamination source (~56%), followed by a Pb-Zn smelter (~20%). The natural parental bedrock was found to contribute ~24%. The findings highlight the importance of including multiple anthropogenic sources for quantitative fingerprinting of Tl and related metals by the lead isotopic approach in complicated environmental systems.

Published
2020

14. Thallium contamination, health risk assessment and source apportionment in common vegetables

Author

Liu, J., Wei, X., Zhou, Y., Tsang, D. C. W., Bao, Z., Yin, M., Lippold, H., Yuan, W., Wang, J., Feng, Y., and Chen, D.

Subjects
Metal contamination, Source apportionment, Plant uptake, Isotopic analysis, Food safety
Abstract

As an element with well-known toxicity, excessive thallium (Tl) in farmland soils may threaten food security and induce extreme risks to human health. Identification of key contamination sources is a prerequisite for remediation technologies. This study aims to examine the contamination level, health risks and source apportionment of Tl in common vegetables from typical farmlands distributed over a densely populated residential area in a pyrite mine city, which has been exploiting Tl-bearing pyrite minerals for over 50 years. Results showed excessive Tl levels in most of the vegetables (0.16-20.33 mg/kg) and alarming health risks induced by the vegetables via the food chain. Source apportionment of Tl contamination in vegetables was then evaluated by using the Pb isotope fingerprinting technique. Both vegetables and soils were characterized by overall low 206Pb/207Pb ratios. This indicated that a significant contribution may be ascribed to anthropogenic activities for pyrite deposit exploitation, whose raw material and slags were featured with lower 206Pb/207Pb ratios. Further calculations by the binary mixing model suggested that pyrite mining and smelting activities contributed 54-88% to the thallium contamination in vegetables. The results highlighted that Pb isotope tracing is a suitable technique for source apportionment of Tl contamination in vegetables and that contamination from pyrite mining/smelting activities urges authorities to initiate proper practices of remediation.

Published
2020

35. Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer: updated analysis of 93 randomized patients – control survival is much better than previously assumed.

Author

Milosevic, M., Edwards, J., Tsang, D., Dunning, J., Shackcloth, M., Batchelor, T., Coonar, A., Hasan, J., Davidson, B., Marchbank, A., Grumett, S., Williams, N.R., Macbeth, F., Farewell, V., and Treasure, T.

Subjects
COLORECTAL cancer, TUMOR classification, HOSPITAL patients, ONCOLOGIC surgery, CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen, SCIENTIFIC observation, METASTASECTOMY
Abstract

Aim: Lung metastases from colorectal cancer are resected in selected patients in the belief that this confers a significant survival advantage. It is generally assumed that the 5‐year survival of these patients would be near zero without metastasectomy. We tested the clinical effectiveness of this practice in Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC), a randomized, controlled noninferiority trial. Method: Multidisciplinary teams in 14 hospitals recruited patients with resectable lung metastases into a two‐arm trial. Randomization was remote and stratified according to site, with minimization for age, sex, primary cancer stage, interval since primary resection, prior liver involvement, number of metastases and carcinoembryonic antigen level. The trial management group was blind to patient allocation until after intention‐to‐treat analysis. Results: From 2010 to 2016, 93 participants were randomized. These patients were 35–86 years of age and had between one and six lung metastases at a median of 2.7 years after colorectal cancer resection; 29% had prior liver metastasectomy. The patient groups were well matched and the characteristics of these groups were similar to those of observational studies. The median survival after metastasectomy was 3.5 (95% CI: 3.1–6.6) years compared with 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1–4.6) years for controls. The estimated unadjusted hazard ratio for death within 5 years, comparing the metastasectomy group with the control group, was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.56–1.56). Use of chemotherapy or local ablation was infrequent and similar in each group. Conclusion: Patients in the control group (who did not undergo lung metastasectomy) have better survival than is assumed. Survival in the metastasectomy group is comparable with the many single‐arm follow‐up studies. The groups were well matched with features similar to those reported in case series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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43. MRAM array with coupled soft-adjacent magnetic layer.

Author

Yimin Guo, Wang, P., Chen, M.-M., Horng, C., Min, T., Hong, L., Voegeli, O., Tong, R., Chen, P., Le, S., Chen, J., Zhong, T., Yang, L., Liu, G., Chen, Y., Shi, S., Yang, K., and Tsang, D.

Abstract

Soft-adjacent magnetic layer (SAL) coupled MRAM arrays have been developed for high density, low current applications. Instead of using shape anisotropies, free layer elements have been used strongly coupled with their adjacent-soft magnetic bit lines, forming coupling anisotropies (perpendicular to bit line directions) on free layer elements to hold stored data. MRAM array test data show that the use of the coupling anisotropies is more stable, less dependent upon free element shape distortions, and give smaller switching variation at very low switching bit line currents. It is revealed that flux closure with SAL prevents free element from middle resistance state caused by vortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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46. Evaluating Young's modulus of porous nuclear graphite by a novel multi-scale method.

Author

Yang, Xiong and Tsang, D.

Subjects
*GRAPHITE, *CONSTRUCTION materials, *MICROSTRUCTURE, *KNUDSEN flow, *YOUNG'S modulus
Abstract

Nuclear graphite has served as neutron moderator, reflector and structural material in various nuclear reactors due to its excellent irradiation performance and mechanical properties at high temperature. However, the microstructure of nuclear graphite contains over 10% porosity by volume. During the lifetime of reactors, the porosity of nuclear graphite will be increased due to the irradiation-induced volume changes and/or radiolytic oxidation. Consequently, it is important to predict the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of nuclear graphite. In this paper, a novel multi-scale method was used to study the effect of porosity on Young's modulus. Numerical results suggested that Young's modulus versus porosity can be predicted by the Knudsen law. Then, the influence of different pore distributions on Young's modulus was analysed. Finally, Young's modulus with different pore sizes and the effect of pore shape were studied. And a relationship between decay coefficients in the Knudsen law and the pore shape ratios was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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