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The analysis presented in this concise review is directed towards evaluating the contemporary trends and practical implementations of the ELU-4 electronic linear accelerator across a broad spectrum of scientific and technological domains. The ELU-4, which is an electron linear accelerator, represents a key technological achievement in the field of accelerator technology. Various aspects of ELU-4 utilization are explored, spanning from its applications in medicine and ecology to its relevance in space exploration. Current data presented in scientific articles and reports from the last ten years are researched and analysed. This succinct review not only underscores the conventional applications of this accelerator but also underscores its potential in nascent fields of science and technology. The incorporation of ELU-4 into diverse research and engineering endeavors presents notable prospects for innovation and the advancement of scientific knowledge frontiers.

This study aims to examine the impact of climate change on the water storage across the East European Plain, utilizing archived digital materials from several remote sensing satellites, including the Terra/Aqua (MODIS), the Global Precipitation Climatology Project, GRACE, and GRACE FO satellites, as well as data from digital maps of Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficients. The spatial resolution of the analyzed data ranged from 1x1 km to 250x250 km. Aiming to enhance the spatial resolution of Selyaninov coefficient maps, a new version of the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient was suggested, leveraging satellite remote sensing data. Both visual and computer analyses of these materials reveal a consistent reduction in water storage in the southern regions of the East European Plain, accompanied by a slight increase in the Novgorod Oblast. This information suggests that the non-chernozem region of the East European Plain will play a crucial role in supplying agricultural products to the population in the next decades. The observed stable water storage in the northern part of the East European Plain, encompassing the Komi Republic and the Novgorod Oblast, hints at the potential of increased agricultural production in these areas. However, achieving sustainable growth in agricultural production in these regions necessitates a focused investment policy.

A novel satellite technique for air temperature mapping with a spatial resolution of ~100 m was proposed for the town of Apatity, the Kola Peninsula (Russia), taken as a case study. The main idea behind this novel technique is to find the statistical relationships between the land surface temperatures in each point of the study area, observed by multiple infrared thermal satellite imagery, and the time series of air temperatures recorded by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) weather station. Fourteen scenes of infrared thermal spectral band of the Landsat satellites for the period 2014–2019 were used, as well as the long-term time series of air temperature from the weather station and the results of air temperature observations carried out by the network of loggers. For calm weather conditions, according to the ground truth, the error of air temperature mapping was σ = 1.5°C, and the precision was estimated as δ = 1.0°C. An analysis of the compiled air temperature map showed that, under polar night conditions, the air temperature on the hilltops was by 10–18°C higher than in the lowlands. It was concluded that, for economic reasons, as well as for the reasons of population health protection in the Arctic, it would be advisable to plan the placement of new cities on the hills. Each of these new areas should be designed in a “semi-isolated” manner in order to minimize the time needed by the local people for crossing the lowlands between the nearby districts. A characteristic feature of modern megalopolises is their internal structure formed by the growing primary settlements that can be considered as nuclei interlinked by transportation routes. Thus, the new Arctic cities can be called “Arctic megalopolises” because of their internal structure that is specific to megalopolises.

Ticks are natural reservoirs and vectors of a virus that is an infectious agent of tick-borne encephalitis, a communicable disease with great medical and social significance. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is widely spread in Arkhangelsk region (AR) located in the Arctic zone in Russia where substantial climatic changes are taking place at the moment. Our research involved examining spatial and temporal distribution of numbers of people bitten by ticks, a number of people bitten by ticks per 100 thousand, a number of TBE cases and TBE incidence in districts and settlements in AR. We calculated relative risks of TBE incidence among people bitten by ticks in AR from 1980 to 2019. We analyzed dynamics of indicators showing numbers of people bitten by ticks per 100 thousand and TBE incidence among people living in Arkhangelsk region. The analysis revealed that a number of bitten people grew slowly in 1980–1990, then there was an exponential growth in 1990–2010, and then the trend stabilized in 2010–2019. Dynamics of TBE incidence was completely in line with changes in number of bitten people up to 2014 but there was a substantial drop in TBE incidence after that. Spatial distribution of numbers of bitten people and TBE incidence revealed that average number of bitten people amounted to 25.1 per 100 thousand in the northern districts in 1980–2019 and was statistically significantly lower than in the central and southern districts (р < 0.001). Average long-term incidence was the highest (7.9 per 100 thousand) in the southern districts in comparison with the central (3.0 per 100 thousand; р

Mindless consumption is an excessive purchase of goods without considering the life cycle of this purchase, which harms the environment and destroys a person’s mental health, replacing universal values with “dependence on things”, fueling imaginary happiness with another dose of purchase. Today, social networks play a crucial role in this problem, spreading information about fast fashion and consumer culture. And large marketplaces subdue these habits by constantly reducing prices and speeding up or free shipping. All this happens on the ruins of the natural environment to satisfy the hunger of customers. Recently, thoughtless consumption has also been fueled by “Green brainwashing.” This phenomenon of using the good intentions of consumers perpetuates the disinformation system. This practice uses deceptive marketing techniques to make consumers think they are buying something good for the environment, although this may not be the case. A minimalist lifestyle does not require a complete rejection of worldly possessions. On the contrary, it means buying only those things that have a constant ability to bring real value. Minimalists approach all aspects of their lives from this perspective, carefully choosing the kind of life that makes them as happy as possible.

AbstractIn this paper, numerical simulation methods are used to study issues related to the optimal operating modes of hyperspeed (rotor velocity 1000 m/s and above) model gas centrifuges (GCs) of various lengths and velocities of rotation. The possibility of gas extraction under optimal conditions is studied using three-dimensional modeling. It is shown that for hyperspeed GCs with the Pitot tube as gas extractor, simultaneous attainment of the optimal values for both friction power and waste flux, which are necessary for achieving the optimal operating mode, is unattainable, unlike GC models with a rotor velocity of 600 m/s. It is also shown that the working gas within the shockwave generated by the gas extractor can attain temperatures exceeding 1300 K, which raises the question of a possible accelerated decomposition of uranium hexafluoride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis presented in this concise review is directed towards evaluating the contemporary trends and practical implementations of the ELU-4 electronic linear accelerator across a broad spectrum of scientific and technological domains. The ELU-4 linear electron accelerator represents a key technological achievement in the field of accelerator technology in general and linear electronic accelerators in particular. Various aspects of the use of ELU-4 are considered, starting from its application in medicine, ecology, verification of computer models for calculating the effects of radiation, space applications, research on the effect of electronic irradiation on various materials and devices, including semiconductor devices, ending with its fundamental research of materials. Current data presented in scientific articles and reports from the last ten years are researched and analysed. This succinct review not only underscores the conventional applications of this accelerator but also underscores its potential in nascent fields of science and technology. The incorporation of ELU-4 into diverse research and engineering endeavors presents notable prospects for innovation and the advancement of scientific knowledge frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some algebras over the operad of hollow cubes have been studied in this paper. These algebras are defined in the non-negative quadrant of the Euclidean plane. The geometric des­cription of subalgebras generated by two elements has been given. It has been proved that the subalgebras generated by two elements are the polylines. Using the structure of such subalgebras, a new metric function on the first quadrant has been constructed. The distance between two points in this metric is the length of the polyline, which is a subalgebra generated by two elements over the operad of hollow cubes. This work can be considered as a continuation of our previous paper: Gaynullina A. On one class of commutative operads. Asian-Eur. J. Math., 2017, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1750007. doi: 10.1142/S1793557117500073.

This article describes the formation of Webometrics rating, analyzes the strongand weak points of the methodology on the example UlSTU site. Also on the basis of UlSTU experience the paper suggests the ways to strengthen the position of Russian universities in this rating. The article analyzes the opportunities and challenges to increase the publication activity in journals included into the international databases such as Web of Science and Scopus for regional higher education institutions. The authors proposed to take into account factors affecting the employment of graduates, university participation in international projects aimed at improving the quality of education. It is advisable to consider the amount of intellectual property in the main results of the work of an engineering university in addition to journal publications.

The new contours of innovative development of economic systems associated with the appearance of network models of innovation and new types of innovation: social, sustainable, user and inclusive, differ from the traditional approach to the functioning of the raw material model of the economy. The role and place of innovation infrastructure of economic systems in the development of national innovation systems remains paramount. In this research, the essence of the definition of "innovation infrastructure" in relation to economic systems is supplemented and expanded. In doing so, it specifies the factors providing the formation of the infrastructure of innovative activity of the economic systems which have an impact on the innovativeness of elements of economic systems at the micro-, meso- and macro level. The subject-object structure of information infrastructure of innovative activity of economic systems including business environment, innovative environment, information environment and communication environment is proposed. In addition, it also proposes the model of development of infrastructure of innovative activity focused on technological innovations on the basis of implementation of technological platforms. The worked out model of development of technological infrastructure of innovative activity of the economic system (macro level) contains the directions of transformation of the meso- and micro level where a special role is assigned to the creation of free economic zones which contribute to the development of new forms of interaction of the R&D sector with the real sector of the economy, which will increase the susceptibility of the economic system of Russia and society as a whole to innovation and lead to the development of technological entrepreneurship and the formation of an innovative economy of a new type.

The study of non-wetting liquid transport in a nanoporous medium is stimulated by the possible use of this process to absorb or accumulate mechanical energy. The filling of nanopores of suspended particles with a non-wetting liquid under decay of the unstable state, when the pressure increase rate is much higher than the rate of volume change, is studied. Based on the new experimental data and a theoretical model of the interacting modes of the spontaneous filling and filling under rapid compression, a picture of the percolation transition and a mechanism of liquid transport under such conditions are proposed. It is shown that a new dynamic filling threshold P0 is reached. It is shown that the filling of the porous medium is the result of the slow mode of impact compression when the fast mode of spontaneous filling is continuously adjusted to the slow mode on a small time scale. The theoretical model of the interacting modes is based on the solving of a system of kinetic equations for the distribution functions f(n,t) and F(n,t) clusters of filled pores under rapid compression, respectively. It is shown that filling at P=const corresponds to the non-dissipative transport of liquid on a time scale smaller than the characteristic filling time. The proposed model quantitatively describes the experimental data. So, the response of suspension to impact is characterized by the positive feedback.

Background: The causes of the recent rise of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence in Europe are discussed. Our objective was to estimate the impact of air temperature change on TBE incidence in the European part of the Russian Arctic. Methods: We analysed the TBE incidence in the Komi Republic (RK) over a 42-year period in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature, air temperature during the season of tick activity, tick abundance, TBE-prevalence in ticks, tick-bite incidence rate, and normalised difference vegetation index within the area under study. Results: In 1998–2011 in RK a substantial growth of TBE virus (TBEV) prevalence both in questing and feeding ticks was observed. In 1992–2011 there was 23-fold growth of the tick-bite incidence rate in humans, a northward shift of the reported tick bites, and the season of tick bites increased from 4 to 6 months. In 1998–2011 there was more than 6-fold growth of average annual TBE incidence compared with 1970–1983 and 1984–1997 periods. This resulted both from the northward shift of TBE, and its growth in the south. In our view it was related to local climate change as both the average annual air temperature, and the air temperature during the tick activity season grew substantially. We revealed in RK a strong correlation between the change in the air temperature and that in TBE incidence. The satellite data showed NDVI growth within RK, i.e. alteration of the local ecosystem under the influence of climate change. Conclusions: The rise in TBE incidence in RK is related considerably to the expansion of the range of Ixodes persulcatus. The territory with reported TBE cases also expanded northward. Climate change is an important driver of TBE incidence rate growth.