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Background: Patients can have different reasons for seeking cheek augmentation; while some are in need of volume augmentation, others may request projection and lifting. A treatment guide can be useful for treating clinicians in choosing the most suitable product. Aims: This 8‐week, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cheek augmentation using a treatment guide to choose between study products HACON and HALYF. Patients/Methods: Female subjects intending to undergo cheek augmentation were treated according to primary need for treatment—HACON for contouring or HALYF for projection. Treatments were performed according to approved labels. Assessments included Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) evaluations, subject satisfaction, subject‐perceived age (FACE‐Q), naturalness of facial expressions, 3D imaging analysis, and safety assessments. Results: All subjects (n = 60) were assessed as aesthetically improved by the investigators 4 and 8 weeks after last injection. For all subjects, contouring or projection was achieved as planned with natural‐looking results. Subject satisfaction was high in both study groups. Volume change of the cheek area was statistically significant from baseline to Week 4 (p < 0.001), in both treatment groups and on both sides of the face. Overall, treatments were well tolerated with mainly mild adverse events related to treatment. Conclusions: The proposed guide for product selection of HACON or HALYF for treatment of the cheek area was useful to achieve the primary treatment goal for both products. Treatments were well tolerated and associated with improved aesthetic appearance of the cheeks as well as high subject satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review are presented, under a synthetic mini-course, the main concepts related to digestive diseases in animals. Introductory concepts are presented with brief anatomical - histo - physiological recollections; data about specific bacterial flora present in the digestive tract, about digestive disease: the defense mechanisms; pathogenesis, diagnosis and semiotics. Due to space parsimony of this work we have not presented exhaustively all notions of the gastrointestinal tract, but insisted only on main entities responsible for digestive disorders that were present most often in animals. In the second part are presented in detail the main medicinal remedies against the digestive tract disease in animals, under a suggestive table form.

Primary chylomicronemia (PCM) is a rare and intractable disease characterized by marked accumulation of chylomicrons in plasma. The levels of plasma triglycerides (TGs) typically range from 1,000 - 15,000 mg/dL or higher.PCM is caused by defects in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) pathway due to genetic mutations, autoantibodies, or unidentified causes. The monogenic type is typically inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with loss-of-function mutations in LPL pathway genes (LPL, LMF1, GPIHBP1, APOC2, and APOA5). Secondary/environmental factors (diabetes, alcohol intake, pregnancy, etc.) often exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). The signs, symptoms, and complications of chylomicronemia include eruptive xanthomas, lipemia retinalis, hepatosplenomegaly, and acute pancreatitis with onset as early as in infancy. Acute pancreatitis can be fatal and recurrent episodes of abdominal pain may lead to dietary fat intolerance and failure to thrive.The main goal of treatment is to prevent acute pancreatitis by reducing plasma TG levels to at least less than 500-1,000 mg/dL. However, current TG-lowering medications are generally ineffective for PCM. The only other treatment options are modulation of secondary/environmental factors. Most patients need strict dietary fat restriction, which is often difficult to maintain and likely affects their quality of life.Timely diagnosis is critical for the best prognosis with currently available management, but PCM is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. The aim of this review is firstly to summarize the pathogenesis, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of PCM, and secondly to propose simple diagnostic criteria that can be readily translated into general clinical practice to improve the diagnostic rate of PCM. In fact, these criteria are currently used to define eligibility to receive social support from the Japanese government for PCM as a rare and intractable disease.Nevertheless, further research to unravel the molecular pathogenesis and develop effective therapeutic modalities is warranted. Nationwide registry research on PCM is currently ongoing in Japan with the aim of better understanding the disease burden as well as the unmet needs of this life-threatening disease with poor therapeutic options.