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This study introduces a highly efficient and straightforward method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a glucosamine/alginate (GluN/Alg) nanocomposite via an ionotropic gelation mechanism in aqueous environment. The resulting nanocomposite, AuNPs@GluN/Alg, underwent thorough characterization using UV–vis, EDX, FTIR, SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD analyses. The spherical AuNPs exhibited uniform size with an average diameter of 10.0 nm. The nanocomposites facilitated the recyclable reduction of organic dyes, including 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange, employing NaBH4 as the reducing agent. Kinetic studies further underscored the potential of this nanocomposite as a versatile catalyst with promising applications across various industrial sectors.

Administration of experiential activities for preschoolers is one of the important contents of private preschool management in the context of reforming the preschool education program. However, in Vietnam, most of research projects only focus on experiential activities management without focusing on experiential activities administration for preschool children. Basing on the research results, this article presents the scientific theoretical basis for experiential activities and the administration of experiential activities for kindergarten children in preschools, and proposes measures to renew the administration of experiential activities for kindergarten children in private preschools.

A pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency causes a reduction in adenosine triphosphate production and energy insufficiency, leading to neurological disorders. An abnormal E1-alpha protein originating from the PDHA1 gene with pathogenic variants is unable to communicate with E1-beta for the formation of the E1 enzyme, decreasing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. In this study, we report a Vietnamese boy with lethargy, severe metabolic acidosis, increased serum lactate, hyperalaninemia, lactic acidosis, and globus pallidus lesions. Whole-exome sequencing and variant filtering identified a hemizygous missense variant NM000284.4 (PDHA1): c.479T>G (p.Phe160Cys) in the patient. The variant c.479T>G caused a single nucleotide substitution on exon 5 and was predicted to be a disease-causing variant in the in silico analyses. We present the first report with a genetic analysis of a Vietnamese patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency (PDHAD). Sanger sequencing demonstrated that the patient inherited the variant from his mother who harbored the variant in a heterozygous state, but no PDHAD symptoms were observed in her. In addition, a prenatal test of the patient's mother revealed a fetus with a normal genotype. Furthermore, the patient's father and sister both carried a normal allele. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics criteria, the variant c.479T>G was predicted to be a likely pathogenic variant. Using the combination of the patient’s genotype and phenotype, he was definitively diagnosed with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency. Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of neurological disorders and provide the scientific basis for genetic counseling for the patient's family.

Forest carbon markets have demonstrated numerous benefits across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, while also advancing sustainable development goals. This study examines the primary policy mechanisms and conditions related to the development of high-integrity forest carbon markets in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Utilizing a combination of SWOT analysis and the DPSIR framework, the study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the opportunities, challenges, driving forces, pressures, potential impacts, and responses associated with developing these markets. The Gold Standard method was also employed to estimate the potential contribution to carbon emission reductions through the new forest planting programs in the province. Data analysis from 202 households and in-depth interviews with fifteen experts revealed that local residents have limited information about the forest carbon market. While forest management officials at various levels are aware of the market, there is a lack of specific guidance, limited participation in training sessions and workshops, and insufficient instructional materials. Dak Lak holds significant potential for carbon emission reductions, with an estimated average forest carbon storage capacity of 7.5 tCO2/ha/year for an afforestation/reforestation (A/R) carbon project. This initiative is projected to contribute approximately $753,972 annually to the province's GRDP and generate 280 jobs for local communities. However, the technical and financial resources are challenging in the province. The study identifies critical issues and proposes appropriate solutions to support Dak Lak in developing high-integrity forest carbon markets in alignment with the national roadmap, ultimately contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals.

Talaromyces sp. DC2 is an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don in Hanoi, Vietnam and is capable of producing vinca alkaloids. This study utilizes the PacBio Sequel technology to completely sequence the whole genome of Talaromyces sp. DC2The genome study revealed that DC2 contains a total of 34.58 Mb spanned by 156 contigs, with a GC content of 46.5%. The identification and prediction of functional protein-coding genes, tRNA, and rRNA were comprehensively predicted and highly annotated using various BLAST databases, including non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) databases. The genome of DC2 has a total of 149, 227, 65, 153, 53, and 6 genes responsible for cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, chitin, starch, and inulin degradation, respectively. The Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) analyses revealed that strain DC2 possesses 20 biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for producing secondary metabolites. The strain DC2 has also been found to harbor the DDC gene encoding aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase enzyme. Conclusively, this study has provided a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in secondary metabolites and the ability of the Talaromyces sp. DC2 strain to degrade plant cell walls.

The study’s aim is to explore consumer opinions on vegetarian food in the electronic commerce area by the qualitative research method, in more detail, based on utilizing the lexicon-based approach to analyze sentiment. The sentiment of five aspects including price, package, shipment, brand, and quality is considered detecting from customers’ reviews. Besides, the rating tags are also categorized as an opinion (positive, negative, neutral) based on the star number. The dataset includes 17,892 customer reviews. The findings found that the customers’ sentiments are 20.8% positive, 0.7% negative, and 78.5% neutral for an average of five aspects. Product quality is the most concerning of the five aspects of customer comments. This aspect also makes up 8,672 positive comments. Besides, quality and package aspects are more than 5,000 positively attached tags and shipment has the most negative tags taking 26 rating tags. Furthermore, the average of the stars is 4.94 stars, which is close to reaching the peak of 5.0 stars. This study demonstrates that the view of customers for aspects about vegan products according to text comments, the quality aspect has a significant number of positive comments than other aspects. Hence, the business might understand the significant factors to deal with them.

Introduction. The fisheries industry generates large amounts of fish by-products. Their utilization is one of the relative tasks for fish manufacturers. Hydrolysate from fish by-products is regarded as a valuable bioactive protein source for feed production. In this study, we aimed to optimize hydrolysis conditions for the industrial by-products of catfish. Study objects and methods. We studied the by-products of industrially processed Pangasius hypophthalmus fillet using biochemical methods to find the optimum hydrolysis conditions (enzyme type, enzyme/substrate ratio, temperature, water amount, and time). Then we built a regression model and verified it experimentally. Results and discussion. According to the Box-Behnken design model, the optimum hydrolysis conditions were determined as 10% of water, 0.48% of SEB-Neutral PL enzyme, 57°C temperature, and 6 h duration. We found no significant differences between the modelled and the verified experimental values. The resulting hydrolysate was rich in nitrogen from amino acids, and its other parameters complied with the current national standards. The microbal and sensory attribites satisfied quality requirements as an animal feed supplement. Conclusion. The study results are commercially applicable in feed production, providing a solution for the fisheries industry in byproduct treatment.

Dipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn. is a valuable timber tree indigenous to the lowland tropical forests of southern and central Vietnam. It is in danger of extinction due to fragmented habitats and overexploitation. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity and demographic history of this species is essential to providing a platform for conservation activities. Herein, we analyzed 281 D. turbinatus trees from 10 populations representing their natural distribution range in Vietnam using nine polymorphic microsatellites to provide valuable information for conservation activities. We detected genetic diversity within these populations (0.285 and 0.328 for observed and expected heterozygosity, respectively), as well as population genetic differentiation (a Wei and Cockerham value of 0.202 and a Hedrick value of 0.32). Clustering analysis based on different approaches revealed three genetic clusters which were significantly correlated to gene flow across the geographic distribution range of D. turbinatus in tropical evergreen forests. Approximate Bayesian computation suggested that the D. turbinatus populations had an evolutionary history consistent with divergence during the last glacial maximum. Based on our results, we recommend the in situ conservation of several populations with high genetic diversity, high allelic richness, or private alleles, and the gathering of the seeds of the remaining populations for ex situ conservation.

Endophytic fungi are recognized for their many potential applications in agriculture, such as supporting cropland expansion and increasing the yield and resistance of plants by creating antibiotics that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, they can produce enzymes that break down hard-to-solubilize substances within soil, dissolve phosphates, fix nitrogen, reduce metals, and produce hormones that promote plant growth (auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins) to keep crops healthy. In this report, three strains of endophytic fungi, namely, N1, N2, and N3, were isolated from the roots of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Hemsl., Polyscias fruticosa, and Angelica dahurica in some localities in Vietnam. Through a screening process, it was found that they can produce high levels of indole acetic acid (IAA), resolve phosphates, and resist disease, and they were selected to as an alternative to chemical fertilizers to make probiotics in order to increase medicinal plant yields. The results show that the three strains of fungi have the ability to degrade phosphate to 341.90, 1498.46, and 390.79 ppm; the content of IAA produced in the culture medium reached 49.00, 52.35, and 33.34 ppm. Based on some morphological characteristics and an internal transcribed spacer gene sequence analysis of the fungal strains, N1, N2, and N3 were named Penicillium simplicissimum CN7, Talaromyces flavus BC1, and Trichoderma konilangbra DL3, respectively, which have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungal strains, such as fungus C. gloeosporioides (CD1), fungus F. oxysporum, fungus L. theobromae N13, and N. dimidiatum. They grow significantly over a period of 5 to 6 days.

In the context of the implementation of the 2018 General Education Program, teachers are required to implement a teaching model oriented to the development of students' quality and competence. Teachers are encouraged to adapt the flipped classroom model of teaching in schools as its advantages are suitable for novel teaching strategies. This study focuses on analyzing factors affecting the application of this model in the teaching and learning process by collecting feedback from 351 teachers from various cities in Vietnam. The questionnaire included Likerttype questions analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 for quantitative analysis and an open question for qualitative analysis with context and personal information. The research-oriented factors focus on the group of potential internal factors (perception, proficiency, desire and readiness of teachers) and the group of external factors (infrastructure, facilities and support resources, training programs). The results showed that those factors include the school's infrastructure and information communication technology (ICT) condition, the teacher's ICT competence as well as competence-related teaching and assessment methodologies and the students' internet access conditions. Finally, the study offers suggestions on how to apply this model in teaching practice to meet the requirements of educational innovation in Vietnam.

The article shows how to build and identify intelligent automatic control problems for mobile robots in a flat surface environment at the workplace, with known and unknown obstacles. Research and develop programming and control methods as an operating system for mobile robots robot operating system (ROS). Update map data information, in the operating environment, robot position control process, obstacle overcoming process simultaneous positioning and mapping (SLAM). From there, we aim to calculate and determine the robot's motion trajectory to get a smart path. The positioning trajectory calculation system robots. The authors use actor-critic (AC) algorithm to research and develop control. Research results in simulations, in Gazebo environment and test runs on real mobile robots have shown high-quality practical performance of automatic navigation and control while using this algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talaromyces sp. DC2 is an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don in Hanoi, Vietnam and is capable of producing vinca alkaloids. This study utilizes the PacBio Sequel technology to completely sequence the whole genome of Talaromyces sp. DC2The genome study revealed that DC2 contains a total of 34.58 Mb spanned by 156 contigs, with a GC content of 46.5%. The identification and prediction of functional protein-coding genes, tRNA, and rRNA were comprehensively predicted and highly annotated using various BLAST databases, including non-redundant (Nr) protein sequence, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) databases. The genome of DC2 has a total of 149, 227, 65, 153, 53, and 6 genes responsible for cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, chitin, starch, and inulin degradation, respectively. The Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) analyses revealed that strain DC2 possesses 20 biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for producing secondary metabolites. The strain DC2 has also been found to harbor the DDC gene encoding aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase enzyme. Conclusively, this study has provided a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in secondary metabolites and the ability of the Talaromyces sp. DC2 strain to degrade plant cell walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization is a serious global problem that impedes the growth and development of numerous agricultural crops worldwide. Plants have evolved a diversity of adaptive mechanisms for coping with salt stress. Among the known mechanisms, the ability of plants to maintain intracellular ions and osmotic homeostasis via exclusion and compartmentalization of salt is highly correlated with high salt stress tolerance. Several transport proteins, such as high-affinity K+ transporter 1 (HKT1), high affinity K+/Na+ transporter 10 (HAK10), salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1), and sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHX1), have been identified to be associated with the exclusion and compartmentalization of salt. In this study, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the expression of genes encoding SOS1, HKT1, HAK10, and NHX1 transporters in the leaf and root tissues of two contrasting rice cultivars, salt tolerant DP and salt sensitive IR28, under salt stress of 150 mM NaCl by RT-qPCR approach. RT-qPCR data revealed that the expression of HKT1, HAK10, SOS1, and NXH1 were upregulated at a higher level in the DP cultivar than in the IR28 cultivar in response to salt stress treatment. Our findings also suggest that the DP rice cultivar acquires a higher level of salt tolerance than the IR28 cultivar, at least a part due to a greater degree of Na+ exclusion and compartmentalization mechanisms provided by HKT1, HAK10, SOS1, and NXH1 transporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical profiling for quality monitoring and evaluation of medicinal plants is gaining attention. This study aims to develop an HPLC method followed by multivariate analysis to obtain HPLC profiles of five specific flavonoids, including rutin (1), hyperin (2), isoquercitrin (3), quercitrin (4), and quercetin (5) from Houttuynia cordata leaves and powder products and assess the quality of H. cordata samples. Eventually, we successfully established HPLC-based flavonoid profiles and quantified the contents of 32 H. cordata fresh leave samples and four powder products. The study also quantified the contents of those five essential flavonoids using an optimized RP-HPLC method. Peak areas of samples were then investigated with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to evaluate the similarity and variance. Principal components in PCA strongly influenced by hyperin and quercetin showed that the samples were clustered into subgroups, demonstrating H. cordata samples' quality. The results of HCA showed the similarity and divided the samples into seven subgroups. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a practical methodology that combined the HPLC-based flavonoid profiling and multivariate analysis for the quantification and quality control of H. cordata samples from fresh leaves and powder products. For further studies, we will consider various environmental factors, including climate and soil factors, to investigate their effects on the flavonoid contents of H. cordata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipterocarpus turbinatus C.F.Gaertn. is a valuable timber tree indigenous to the lowland tropical forests of southern and central Vietnam. It is in danger of extinction due to fragmented habitats and overexploitation. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity and demographic history of this species is essential to providing a platform for conservation activities. Herein, we analyzed 281 D. turbinatus trees from 10 populations representing their natural distribution range in Vietnam using nine polymorphic microsatellites to provide valuable information for conservation activities. We detected genetic diversity within these populations (0.285 and 0.328 for observed and expected heterozygosity, respectively), as well as population genetic differentiation (a Wei and Cockerham value of 0.202 and a Hedrick value of 0.32). Clustering analysis based on different approaches revealed three genetic clusters which were significantly correlated to gene flow across the geographic distribution range of D. turbinatus in tropical evergreen forests. Approximate Bayesian computation suggested that the D. turbinatus populations had an evolutionary history consistent with divergence during the last glacial maximum. Based on our results, we recommend the in situ conservation of several populations with high genetic diversity, high allelic richness, or private alleles, and the gathering of the seeds of the remaining populations for ex situ conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of an electronic government, aiming for a digital government to effectively manage the state and contribute to the convenience of citizens and businesses, is both a crucial aspect of the comprehensive administrative reform program for the period 2021-2030 and an essential global trend for all countries, including Vietnam. This article discusses various topics: general issues related to electronic government and digital government, the current situation of electronic government development in Vietnam, challenges faced in the process of developing electronic government towards a digital government in Vietnam, and some solutions to enhance the effectiveness of electronic government development towards a digital government in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is the second-most important primary crop in the world and one of the most susceptible crops to salt stress. Soil salinization hinders seedling growth and decreases crop yield by inducing ionic and osmotic imbalances, photosynthesis disturbances, cell wall alterations, and gene expression inhibition. Plants have developed a range of defense mechanisms to adapt to salt stress. One of the most effective means is to make use of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) as post-transcriptional regulators to regulate the expression of developmental genes in order to mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. In this study, the miRNA sequencing data between two contrasting rice cultivars, salt-tolerant Doc Phung (DP) and salt-sensitive IR28 seedlings, were compared under control and salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions to determine the salt stress-responsive miRNAs. Comparative analysis of miRNA sequencing data detected a total of 69 differentially expressed miRNAs in response to salt stress treatment. Among them, 18 miRNAs from 13 gene families, MIR156, MIR164, MIR167, MIR168, MIR171, MIR396, MIR398, MIR1432, MIR1846, MIR1857, MIR1861, MIR3979, and MIR5508, were identified to be specifically and significantly expressed in the shoot and root tissues of DP seedlings. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses further revealed that these detected miRNAs regulate a range of essential biological and stress response processes, including gene transcription, osmotic homeostasis, root formation, ROS scavenger synthesis, and auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways. Our findings provide more insight into the miRNA-mediated responsive mechanisms of rice under salt stress and should benefit the improvement of salt stress tolerance in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical pharmacy services can be costly, and in resource‐constrained healthcare services, should be prioritised towards patients with the greatest potential risks. At our health network, high‐needs pharmacy criteria were developed to identify patients at greatest need of clinical pharmacy services. This retrospective study of 761 patients admitted to four hospitals in metropolitan Melbourne aimed to evaluate the ability of the high‐needs pharmacy criteria to identify patients at increased risk of medication‐related adverse clinical outcomes. Patients' clinical records were reviewed to determine if the patient met one or more elements of the high‐needs criteria. Data on length of stay, 30‐day readmission rate, medication‐related problems, and medication‐related incidents were obtained from the electronic records. Patients meeting one or more high‐needs criteria had a longer length of stay (mean 6.7 days vs 3.1 days, p < 0.01), were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days (27% vs 16%, p < 0.01) and had a higher rate of medication‐related problems (15% vs 7.6%, p < 0.01). The sensitivity of the high‐needs criteria to identify patients with medication‐related problems, medication‐related incidents, or readmission within 30 days was above 80%. In conclusion, the high‐needs pharmacy criteria identified older patients with longer length of stay who are at greater risk of 30‐day readmission and medication‐related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating viral disease of cattle causing economic losses in the cattle industry. LSD was first reported in Vietnam in 2020, therefore, there have not been many studies focused on the detection of LSD virus (LSDV) or the molecular characterization of the virus. In this study, two suspected LSD cattle displaying clinical signs were investigated and the presence of the LSDV genes was confirmed. In addition, the molecular characterization of obtained Vietnamese isolates based on analyzing the RPO30 and GPCR genes was performed. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length RPO30 and GPCR sequences revealed that the current Vietnamese LSDVs clustered closely with five previously reported Vietnamese and Chinese strains. Furthermore, LSDVs differ from the reported LSDV field isolates in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. According to deduced amino acid (aa) sequence comparison, some aa substitutions were observed in the RPO30 and GPCR protein of obtained LSDVs. Interestingly, two aa substitutions S98F and L103F were firstly found in the RPO30 of one Vietnamese strain in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The disease caused by the Tembusu virus (TMUV) is characterized by egg-drop syndrome in ducks. In recent years, TMUV has become a concern due to the expansion of host species and increasing number of infection records in Asia. This study aimed to develop a sensitive and rapid reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method to target highly conserved regions using a colori fluorescent indicator (CFI) for TMUV detection. Two primer sets for RT-LAMP, including loop primers, were designed from the conserved region of the NS5 gene to accelerate amplification efficacy. The specificity and sensitivity of the RT-LAMP method were evaluated using the TMUV FX2010-180P vaccine strain and other duck-related viruses. RT-PCR and RT-LAMP concordance was evaluated based on results of 64 clinical samples. The developed RT-LAMP method was specific for TMUV. The sensitivity of the RT-LAMP method was 100 times higher than that of the two-step RT-PCR. The concordance between RT-PCR and RT-LAMP was 92.19%. A reliable, rapid, and simple RT-LAMP method for TMUV detection was successfully developed. This is the first RT-LAMP-based TMUV detection method with the addition of two loop primers for higher sensitivity and rapidity that could provide a potential strategy for screening TMUV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi, microfungi that internally infect living plant tissues, are reported to have the ability to synthesize many enzymes, plant growth hormones and pharmaceutically active compounds similar to those in their hosted plants. This has opened a potential path of using endophytic fungi as a bioreactor for mass production of bioactive compounds at a lower cost. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a robust procedure for the isolation and identification of potential fungal strains that are capable of producing desired biological compounds. In this study, we reported an effective procedure for surface sterilization of 3 types of tissue samples (root, shoot and leaf) of 2 herbaceous plants (Catharanthus roseus and Scutallaria barbata) using commercial bleach (5% NaOCl), isolation of endophytic fungi from the sterilized samples and identification of isolated fungal strains by ITS sequencing analysis. A total of 48 endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from plant samples collected from Dan Phuong (Ha Noi), Phu Dien (Ha Noi) and Hai Duong city (Hai Duong). Based on results of morphological observation and ITS sequencing analysis, 48 endophytic fungi were classified to one of the four species, including Clasdosporium colombiae, Cladosporium halotolerans, Corynespora cassiicola and Albifimbria terrestris. The potential of the isolated endophytic fungal species for the mass production of pharmacologically active compounds will be investigated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian leadwort (Plumbago indica L.) of the family Plumbaginaceae is a plant with high pharmaceutical value, as it contains plumbagin, a naphthoquinone with antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer properties. Among the propagation methods for the Indian leadwort, in vitro propagation is considered an effective method in producing disease-free transplants in a short period of time with high propagation rate. When plants grown in vitro are transferred to ex vitro condition, the environmental factors in the nursery house such as light, temperature, humidity and microorganism in the soil will affect their growth. Characteristics of transplants themselves is also critical for the subsequent growth. It is, thus, essential to establish the standards to evaluate and qualify in vitro plants for transplanting to ex vitro condition. Among these standards, the culture age of in vitro plants affects the maturations of their root, stem and leaves, which can in turn influence the acclimating ability and growth of in vitro plants after transplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the culture age of in vitro Indian leadwort plants on their performance during ex vitro stage. For this purpose, three different culture ages of uniform in vitro plants, 35, 42 and 49 day-old, were studied. After 28 days of cultivation in the nursery house under the light intensity of 70 ± 10 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 35 ± 4 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10 %, all three treatments achieved 100% survival rate. Increased fresh and dry weights and percentage of dry matter after cultivation in ex vitro condition were not statistically different between 42 day-old and 49 day-old in vitro plants, but were significantly different between these plants and 35 day-old in vitro plants. The development of shoot and root in ex vitro stage of 42 day-old and 49 day-old in vitro plants was more balanced, as shown by the higher ratio of shoot/root dry weight, than 35 day-old in vitro plants. The results of this study showed that for this Plumbago species, bigger in vitro plants led to better growth during ex vitro stage. These results also indicated that it was possible to transfer in vitro Plumbago plants to ex vitro condition after 5 weeks of in vitro culture stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a four-element array planar antenna based on a single antenna that combines the Double Positive (DPS) and Epsilon Negative (ENG) materials. The single antenna consists of a microstrip segment (which is equivalent to a DPS material) connected to a grounded via microstrip segment (which is equivalent to an ENG material). T-Junction power dividers with one-input and two-output ports are used for feeding the two-element and the four-element array antennas. The proposed array antenna is designed to operate optimally at 30GHz frequency with Finite Element Method (FEM)-based simulation. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed array antennas have good radiation performances, in which the four-element array antenna has a -10dB bandwidth ranging from 28.7 to 33.4GHz and 12.9dBi gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low-profile broadband antenna is proposed for future 5G millimeter-wave cellular wireless networks. The proposed antenna is a modified Magneto-Electric (ME) dipole, which consists of four metallic plates, grounded vias, an aperture fed, a ground plane, and a microstrip line feed. The antennas are built on RT/Duroid 5880 substrates and have been realized by the printed circuit board technique. A single-element with an overall of 10×10×1.04mm³ (~1.26λo×1.26λo×0.13λo at 38GHz) exhibits an impedance matching of 27.9% (32.2- 42.8GHz) for |S11|<–10dB and a realized gain up to 7.5dBi over the frequency band. The usefulness of these antennas as beamforming radiators is demonstrated by a 1×4 element linear array. Also, a wide-band excitation is applied for the linear ME dipole array to realize a broadband array. The simulated results proved the proposed array can operate in a frequency band spreading from 31.4GHz to 42.1GHz with a gain of 12.5dBi and a side-lobe of -13dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social work education is considered essential in developing the social work profession in Vietnam to set a foundation for the profession in the late 1980s. Since officially given a training code in 2004 and recognition of the professional status in 2010, the development of social work education has been significantly expanded in the number of training institutions and programs provided at various levels with only two schools providing undergraduate programs in 2003 to 35 in 2024, including 10 MSW and two PhD programs. After two decades of fast development, there have been considerable issues and challenges in maintaining the quality and professionalization of social work education. As an imported discipline, social work education depends on programs and resources from other countries. Hence, indigenization has become an increasing issue and challenge in Vietnam and other countries in the Global South. This paper presents the result of a short survey of 30 training institutions and an online questionnaire of 116 social work educators, practitioners, policymakers and social service managers. The paper examines the process of development, challenges and how to promote indigenous social work training programs to appropriately meet local needs and context and ensure regional and global standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and image matching are the two main techniques for generating point clouds for large areas. While the classification of ALS point clouds has been well investigated, there are few studies that are related to image matching point clouds. In this study, point clouds of multiple resolutions from high-resolution aerial images (ground sampling distance, GSD, of 6 cm) over the city of Vienna were generated and investigated with respect to point density and processing time. Three different study sites with various urban structures are selected from a bigger dataset and classified based on two different approaches: machine learning and a traditional operator-based decision tree. Classification accuracy was evaluated and compared with confusion matrices. In general, the machine learning method results in a higher overall accuracy compared to the simple decision tree method, with accuracies of 87% and 84%, respectively, at the highest resolution. At lower-resolution levels (GSDs of 12 cm and 24 cm), the overall accuracy of machine learning drops by 4% and that of the simple decision tree by 7% for each level. Classifying rasterized data instead of the original point cloud resulted in an accuracy drop of 5%. Thus, using machine learning on point clouds at the highest available resolution is suggested for classification of urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White-rot fungi are the most efficiency degrader of wood lignin by having extracellular ligninolyitc enzymes system; lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases and laccase. Laccase has an important role in ligninolysis and has been widely applied in some industries. The fungus CP29, which showed high laccase activity, was indentified and chosen for laccase biosynthesis. The fruiting bodies of strain CP29 formed an effused, very flat, yellow green hymenium layer. The colony was off-white and uniformly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside ligninase, this fungus could produce other extracellular enzymes such as protease, cellulase and amylase. Biological characteristics of strain CP29 suggest that it belongs to the subdivision Basidiomy- cota. Based on morphological characteristics and ITS-rDNA region analysis, the strain CP29 was classified as Perenniporia tephropora. The ITS-rDNA gene sequence of of P. tephropora CP29 was deposited into GenBank (NCBI) under the accession number KX257798. To enhance laccase production, optimal cultivation conditions were investigated. This strain P. tephropora CP29 showed the highest laccase activity, reaching 7669.05 U/L on MT1 medium containing 0.0625mM CuS04 after 7 days of cultivation at 37°C and pH 5.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests a new approach for change detection (CD) in 3D point clouds. It combines classification and CD in one step using machine learning. The point cloud data of both epochs are merged for computing features of four types: features describing the point distribution, a feature relating to relative terrain elevation, features specific for the multi-target capability of laser scanning, and features combining the point clouds of both epochs to identify the change. All these features are merged in the points and then training samples are acquired to create the model for supervised classification, which is then applied to the whole study area. The final results reach an overall accuracy of over 90% for both epochs of eight classes: lost tree, new tree, lost building, new building, changed ground, unchanged building, unchanged tree, and unchanged ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network intrusion detection is one of the most important issues of network security and is a research interest of many researchers. In this paper, we present a model based on the combination of recurrent neural networks and rule sets for the network intrusion detection problem. The main idea of the model is to combine the strengths of each classification model. The rule set is capable of detecting known attacks, while the recurrent neural network has the advantage of detecting new attacks. A comparison of the detection efficiency of our model with the previous detection models on the same data set, KDD CUP 99, shows that the proposed model is effective for detecting network intrusions at rates higher than 99%.