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Context: The scapular retraction exercises are widely used among clinicians to balance the activity of the scapular muscles as well as the rotator cuff muscles in different shoulder abduction positions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between scapular (middle and upper trapezius) and shoulder muscles (middle deltoid and infraspinatus) activation level differences and acromiohumeral distance changes during shoulder abduction with scapular retraction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Nineteen asymptomatic individuals were included (mean [SD]: age = 22.4 [1.8] y). Main Outcome Measure: The acromiohumeral distance was measured at 0° and 90° shoulder abduction when the scapula was in nonretracted and retracted position with ultrasound imaging. The relationship between muscle activation level changes and acromiohumeral distance difference was analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. Results: Middle trapezius muscle activity change correlated with acromiohumeral distance difference (r =.55, P =.02) from 0° to 90° shoulder abduction when scapula was retracted. For both nonretracted and retracted scapular positions, no correlations were found between middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and upper trapezius muscle activity changes with acromiohumeral distance differences during shoulder abduction (P >.05). Conclusions: Active scapular retraction exercise, especially focusing on the middle trapezius muscle activation, seems to be an effective treatment option to optimize the acromiohumeral distance during shoulder abduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on vastus lateralis (VL) and patellar tendon size, quadriceps isokinetic strength, and vertical jump height in adolescent female volleyball players. Thirty players (age mean ± SD: 15.7 ± 1.1 years) participated in a 6-week Sportsmetrics™ plyometric training program. VL thickness, echo intensity, and patellar tendon cross-sectional area were assessed by real-time ultrasound. Isokinetic quadriceps strength and vertical jump were assessed. The VL thickness, quadriceps strength, and VJ height increased and VL–echo intensity decreased after training. We recommended that 6-week Sportmetrics plyometric training program may be implemented in adolescent female volleyball programs especially before the beginning of the volleyball season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Comparing gene expression profiles using gene expression datasets of different types of tumors is frequently used to identify molecular mechanisms of cancer. This study aimed to find shared and type specific gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Material and methods: Gene expression microarrays for HCC and B-CLL and RNA-sequencing expression data for liver HCC and lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) were analyzed and differentially expressed probe sets or genes for each cancer type were detected. Probe sets and genes that were shared or specifically expressed in both cancer types were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) terms for Biological Process (BP) annotations were performed. Results: According to our analysis shared upregulated genes were mainly annotated in cell cycle processes. Some of the genes that changed only in HCC were annotated in cell cycle and metabolic processes, and some of the genes, altered only in B-CLL, were annotated in immune response and hemopoiesis. Conclusion: These results contribute to cancer research that aim to find the conserved gene expression profiles in different cancer types and widen the knowledge of HCC and B-CLL specific mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Sport-specific adaptations at the glenohumeral joint could occur in adolescent athletes because they start participating in high-performance sports in early childhood. Objective: To investigate shoulder-rotator strength, internal-rotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers to determine if they have risk factors for injury. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty-nine adolescent high school-aged vol-leyball attackers (22 boys, 17 girls; age = 16.0 ± 1.4 years, height = 179.2 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 67.1 ± 10.9 kg, body mass index = 20.7 ± 2.6 kg/m²). Main Outcome Measure(s): Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total-rotation ROM, glenohumeral IR deficit, AHD, and concen-tric and eccentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators were tested bilaterally. Results: External-rotation ROM was greater (t38 = 4.92, P < .001), but IR ROM (t38 =-8.61, P < .001) and total ROM (t38 = -3.55, P = .01) were less in the dominant shoulder, and 15 athletes had a glenohumeral IR deficit (IR ROM loss > 18°). We observed greater concentric internal-rotator (t38 = 2.89, P = .006) and eccentric external-rotator (t38 = 2.65, P = .01) strength in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder. The AHD was less in the dominant shoulder (t38 = -3.60, P < .001). Conclusions: Adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrat-ed decreased IR ROM, total ROM, and AHD and increased ER ROM in their dominant shoulder. Therefore, routine screening of adolescent athletes and designing training programs for hazardous adaptive changes could be important in preventing shoulder injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesThis study evaluated whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can be used to diagnose secondary renal amyloidosis looking specifically at the diagnostic efficacy of two apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement methods as they were used with DW-MRI.MethodsThe study included 24 amyloid nephropathy (AN) patients, 20 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and 20 healthy volunteers (HV). ADC values were measured using two different methods: 1) the method of the region of interest indicators (ROIs) and 2) the method of drawing whole renal parenchyma (WP). The correlation between the two methods was evaluated.ResultsROIs could differentiate AN-CKD (p = 0.007). ROIs and WP could differentiate AN-HV (p < 0.05). However, none of the methods could differentiate CKD-HV (p > 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the ROIs method in differentiating AN from CKD patients for 1.8 × 10−3cutoff ADC values were 79% and 60% and for AN-HV patients 79% and 70%. ADC values of AN patients with GFR > 60 mL/min were lower than that of HV (p < 0.01).ConclusionDW-MRI is a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool in diagnosing secondary renal amyloidosis and differentiating renal amyloidosis from other CKDs. ROIs had the highest sensitivity and specificity for assessing the involvement of renal amyloidosis. MRI diagnosis of AN may obviate a renal biopsy for diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We evaluated the efficacy of tamsulosin and nifedipine in medical expulsive therapy (MET) in patients with distal ureteral stone. In addition, we tried to determine the predictive value of Hounsfield Unit (HU) of the stone in the success of MET. A total of 75 patients with a distal ureteral stone of 5-10 mm diameter were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 ( n = 25) received tamsulosin 0.4 mg/d; group 2 ( n = 25) received nifedipine 10 mg/day p.o and group 3 ( n = 25) received diclofenac sodium 50 mg p.o. when required. At the beginning of each treatment, the HU of the stone was also measured using a non-contrast computerized tomography in all the patients. The results were evaluated at week four. The mean age of the patients was 36.8 (range, 16-68) years. Stone expulsion was observed in 19 (76%) patients in group 1, 16 (64%) patients in group 2 and 9 (36%) patients in group 3 (pgroup1-3 = 0.004, pgroup2-3 = 0.048 and pgroup1-2 = 0.355). The mean expulsion time was 9, 9.1 and 10.3 d, respectively (pgroup1-3 < 0.001, pgroup2-3 < 0.001 and pgroup1-2 = 0.619). The mean diclofenac sodium dose per patient was 544, 602 and 1408 mg in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (pgroup1-3 < 0.001, pgroup2-3 < 0.001 and pgroup1-2 = 0.977). The mean HU of the stone in patients with and without a successful MET was 363 and 389, respectively ( p = 0.462). Our results showed that MET with both nifedipine and tamsulosin provided a similar increase in the expulsion rate for distal ureteral stones. HU does not seem to be a predictive parameter for stone expulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Stasis zone is the encircling area of the coagulation zone which is a critical area determining the depth and width of the necrosis in burn patients. In our study we aim to salvage the stasis zone by injecting adipose derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). Methods Intraperitoneal Streptozotocin was administered for the induction of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of DM was confirmed by the measurement of blood glucose levels in the blood samples with blood glucometer weekly 48 hours after injection. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were accepted as diabetic. The diabetic animals were followed for 4 weeks before the intervention. Thermal injury was applied on dorsum of diabetic Sprague – Dawley rats (n=20) according to the previously described "comb burn" model. After the burn injury (30 minutes) on Sprague - Dawley rats; rat dorsum was separated into 2 equal parts consisting of 4 burn zones (3 stasis zone) on each pair. ADSVF cells harvested from inguinal fat pads of diabetic Sprague - Dawley rats (n=5) were injected on the right side while same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injected on the left side of the same animal. One week later, average vital tissue on the statis zone was determined by macroscopy, angiography and microscopy. Vascular density, inflammatory cell density and gradient of fibrosis were determined via immunohistochemical assay. Results Macroscopic stasis zone tissue survivability percentage (32 ± 3.28 %, 57 ± 4.28 %), average number of vessels (10.28 ± 1.28, 19.43 ± 1.72), capillary count (15.67 ± 1.97, 25.35 ± 2.15) and vascular density (1.55 ± 0.38, 2.14 ± 0.45) were higher on ADSVF side. Fibrosis gradient (1.87 ± 0.51, 1.50 ± 0.43) and inflammatory cell density (1.33 ± 0.40, 1.20 ± 0.32) were higher on the PBS side. Conclusions Macroscopic and microscopic findings determined that ADSVF has a statistically significant benefit for salvaging stasis zone on acute burn injuries in DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Medicine is the property of Ataturk University, School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 58-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with hearing loss. In the chest radiography obtained before her ear surgery, volume decrease in the right hemithorax, elevation of the right diaphragm, and increase of ventilation in the right lung were detected. At the thorax CT-CT angiography, hypoplasia of the main pulmonary artery and its branches and arteriovenous malformation localized in the middle lobe of the right lung were detected. Thus, diagnosis of Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome associated with right lung middle lobe hypoplasia and arteriovenous malformation was made. This kind of association has not been reported earlier, so we are presenting it in the light of the literature knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined presentation of two separate neoplasm is rare. A case of an extragonadal germ cell tumour accompanied with renal cell carcinoma is reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Intestinal lipomatosis also known as lipohyperplasia is a rare disease. Diffuse infiltration of the fatty tissue mainly in the submucosal layer is characteristic. It is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. We report a case of lipomatosis in the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with contrast enhancement showed fatty infiltration of the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the common flexor tendon (CFT) thickness and the frequency of ultrasound (US) pathological alterations in its structure in a healthy population and to evaluate if these findings can be correlated with dominant hand, age, gender, body mass index, workload, menopause status.Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 111 healthy volunteers. Bilateral CFT thicknesses were measured at 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm distance to medial epicondyle. Tendon echotexture, tears, calcification, enthesophyte, and neovascularization were also evaluated.Results: The CFT was thicker on the dominant side at all three locations (2.1 versus 1.9 mm proximal, 4.0 versus 3.7 mm in the middle and 7.0 versus 6.6 mm distal, all p<0.05). Thickness correlated negatively with postmenopausal duration in all landmarks, except for the nondominant side distal part and positive with body mass index, significantly on the dominant side proximal and middle parts. A statistically significant correlation was found between heavy workers group and tendon thicknesses on the proximal and middle parts of the dominant side and the distal part of the non-dominant sides. US tendinosis was detected in 24/222 tendons, calcification in 11/222 tendons and enthesophyte in 33/222 tendons. The threshold age was 46.5 years for enthesophytes and 51.5 years for calcifications. The prevalence of calcification and enthesophyte tended to be higher in blue-collar workers and on the dominant side.Conclusions: The CFT thickness varies depending on measurement locations, handedness, body mass index, postmenopausal duration and workload. The US signs of tendinosis may be encountered in a symptom-free population. Calcification and enthesophyte tended to be more frequent in blue-collar workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on neural tube development in early chicken embryos., Material and Methods: Fifty pathogen-free fertilized eggs were initially incubated for thirty hours. The eggs were divided into 5 groups. In the control group (C) the egg?s apex was opened and closed without any administration. In the distilled water group (DW), 10 microliters of distilled water were injected into the sub-blastodermic area. ZnO-NP suspensions were prepared in distilled water and injected sub-blastodermically into the low, medium and high dose ZnO-NP groups (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Incubation was completed in 72 hours, and embryological and neural tube development was evaluated histologically with a light microscope., Results: Embryos in all groups were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) staging. It was observed that the staging progressed by the developmental process between 68-72 hours, which is equivalent to the 19-20th stage of HH. Differentiated otic vesicle, optic cup, lens vesicle, pharynx, and Rathke?s pouch were all observed in embryo sections. Both forebrain and hindbrain vesicles were easily distinguished in the sections by cranial flexion. Neural tube closure defect was not detected in any of the groups., Conclusion: In our observations, ZnO-NPs did not affect neural tube development at the applied dose ranges. We believe that additional studies with higher doses using a higher number of subjects will help clarify the conflicting data in the literature.

Objective: Differentiating glioblastoma (GBM) and solitary metastasis is not always possible using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. In conventional brain MRI, GBM and brain metastases are lesions with mostly similar imaging findings. In this study, we investigated whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratios, ADC gradients, and minimum ADC values in the peritumoral edema tissue can be used to discriminate between these two tumors., Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the local institutional review board with a waiver of written informed consent. Prior to surgical and medical treatment, conventional brain MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (b = 0 and b = 1000) images were taken from 43 patients (12 GBM and 31 solitary metastasis cases). Quantitative ADC measurements were performed on the peritumoral tissue from the nearest segment to the tumor (ADC1), the middle segment (ADC2), and the most distant segment (ADC3). The ratios of these three values were determined proportionally to calculate the peritumoral ADC ratios. In addition, these three values were subtracted from each other to obtain the peritumoral ADC gradients. Lastly, the minimum peritumoral and tumoral ADC values, and the quantitative ADC values from the normal-appearing ipsilateral white matter, contralateral white matter, and ADC values from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were recorded., Results: For the differentiation of GBM and solitary metastasis, ADC3 / ADC1 was the most powerful parameter with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 87.1% at the cut-off value of 1.105 (p < 0.001), followed by ADC3 / ADC2 with a cut-off value of 1.025 (p = 0.001), sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 74.2%. The cut-off, sensitivity and specificity of ADC2 / ADC1 were 1.055 (p = 0.002), 83.3%, and 67.7%, respectively. For ADC3 - ADC1, the cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated as 150 (p < 0.001), 91.7%, and 83.9%, respectively. ADC3 - ADC2 had a cutoff value of 55 (p = 0.001), sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 77.4, whereas ADC2 - ADC1 had a cut-off value of 75 (p = 0.003), sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 61.3%. Among the remaining parameters, only the ADC3 value successfully differentiated between GBM and metastasis (GBM 1802.50 ± 189.74 vs. metastasis 1634.52 ± 212.65, p = 0.022)., Conclusion: The integration of the evaluation of peritumoral ADC ratio and ADC gradient into conventional MR imaging may provide valuable information for differentiating GBM from solitary metastatic lesions., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ratio of lymph node attenuation to primary lesion attenuation on contrast-enhanced CT and the PET/CT standard uptake value (SUVmax) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC)., Methods: Volunteers with advanced-stage, histopathologically proven HNSCC, indicated to have radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, were evaluated for CT and PET/CT for radiotherapy planning. The attenuation and SUVmax of the primary lesion and the largest, possibly metastatic lymph node, and the round index and volume of the lymph node were calculated. The relationship between lymph node/primary lesion attenuation and SUVmax ratios was investigated. The differences in CT findings between the SUVmax < and ≥3 groups were examined., Results: Thirty-two cases with adequate diagnostic quality were studied. There was a very strong positive correlation between the primary lesion and lymph node attenuation (r=0.817, p<0.001), a strong correlation between the lymph node volume and SUVmax (r=0.681, p<0.001), and a moderate negative correlation between lymph node/primary lesion SUVmax and attenuation (r=-0.503, p=0.004). In patients with ≥3 SUVmax, lymph node volume and lymph node/primary lesion SUVmax were significantly higher, and the attenuation ratio was close to 1 (PPV 94.1, 86.3%, respectively)., Conclusion: In HNSCC, the lymph node/primary lesion attenuation ratio can be used instead of SUVmax if supported by other conventional CT findings. Metastasis should be considered if lymph node attenuation is similar to primary mass attenuation and excluded if higher. CT attenuation rate can be used as a supportive finding if PET/CT cannot be performed or lymph node SUVmax is close to the acceptable cut-off for metastasis., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: High-pressure water jet injuries are an uncommon cause of trauma. Highpressure water injuries are usually seen at the extremities and less often in the thorax and abdominal areas. A review of the literature reveals a few case reports describing intraabdominal injuries due to penetrating trauma. İn this paper, we present the radiological findings of a rare case of abdominal wall injury without penetration of peritoneum caused by high-pressure water jet due to the Coanda effect. The Coanda effect is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a curved. In our case, the peritoneum also functions as flat and curved surface, causing non-penetrant abdominal wall injury., Case Report: A 28-year-old male working at a hydroelectric terminal presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a two-centimeter cutaneous gap in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen caused by high-pressure water. The CT findings revealed a small entrance to left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall and extensive subcutaneous injury. There was no internal injury. The cutaneous gap was managed by primary surgical closure. Subcutaneous emphysema was diminished on the follow up physical examination. The patient was recovered without sequelae., Conclusion: The water jet can cause a wide subcutaneous injury by following the peritoneum even though there is a small entrance. Therefore radiological imaging can help to determine their severity and planning treatment., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Schwannomas are benign slow-growing tumors most often associated with the cranial nerves. Schwannomas often originate from the eighth cranial nerve. They may also originate from the peripheral nervous system of the neck and extremities. However extracranial peripheral schwannomas are considered a rare entity., Objectives: The knowledge of rare localizations and typical imaging findings will lead to a successfulradiological diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, we present the clinical findings and MRI characteristics of schwannomas with a rare localization involving the peripheral, lower and upper extremity and intramuscular regions., Materials and Methods: The hospital database was screened for patients with an extracranial soft tissue mass. Twenty-one cases of schwannomas were found in rare localization. We analyzed the MR images of these patients retrospectively. The MR images were evaluated in terms of tumor location, signal intensity, and enhancement pattern. The histological examination of all the patients confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma., Results: In 21 patients, the schwannomas were peripheral, localized to upper (n = 6) and lower extremities (n = 11). The remaining four patients had intramuscular schwannomas. The patients diagnosed with intramuscular schwannomas had schwannomas in sternocleidomastoid, gastrocnemius, triceps muscle and lateral wall of the abdomen. The average long-axis diameter of the tumor was 27.7 mm and the average short-axis diameter was 16.4 mm. The contrast pattern was diffused in eight tumors and peripheral in 13., Conclusion: In this study, we present clinical findings and MRI characteristics of schwannomas with a rare localization involving the peripheral, lower and upper extremity and intramuscular regions., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of flow parameters obtained with dynamic Doppler ultrasound in the objective follow-up of treatment response in patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP)., Subjects and Methods: The study included 33 patients with newly diagnosed primary RP, 31 with secondary RP, and 26 healthy participants (control subjects). Both groups of patients with RP underwent sonography before and after treatment. The control group underwent sonography once. Baseline digital arterial diameter and flow volume were measured at room temperature. After cold provocation, diameter and flow volume were measured again, and flow starting time and flow normalizing time were recorded. Data were measured as mean (± SD) values., Results: Baseline diameter did not significantly increase in either group after treatment (p > 0.05) (primary RP pretreatment, 0.79 ± 0.17 mm; posttreatment, 0.82 ± 0.19 mm; secondary RP pretreatment, 0.66 ± 0.13 mm; posttreatment, 0.68 ± 0.14 mm). Baseline flow volume increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.01) (primary RP pretreatment, 3.08 ± 2.96 mL/min; posttreatment, 3.91 ± 3.39 mL/min; secondary RP pretreatment, 2.14 ± 1.94 mL/min; posttreatment, 2.80 ± 2.15 mL/min). Cold provocation diameter increased significantly in both groups after treatment (p < 0.01) (primary RP pretreatment, 0.63 ± 0.15 mm; posttreatment, 0.70 ± 0.16 mm; secondary RP pretreatment, 0.56 ± 0.15 mm; posttreatment, 0.63 ± 0.13 mm). Cold provocation flow volume increased significantly in both groups after treatment (p < 0.01) (primary RP pretreatment, 1.18 ± 1.26 mL/min; posttreatment, 2.17 ± 2.16 mL/min; secondary RP pretreatment, 1.07 ± 1.40 mL/min; posttreatment, 1.46 ± 1.67 mL/min). After treatment, there was no statistically significant increase in flow starting time in patients with primary RP (p > 0.05), but there was a significant increase in patients with secondary RP (p < 0.05) (primary RP pretreatment, 1.15 ± 2.27 minutes; posttreatment, 0.61 ± 1.41 minutes; secondary RP pretreatment, 3.13 ± 4.81 minutes; posttreatment, 1.58 ± 2.36 minutes). After treatment, flow volume normalizing time improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.01) (primary RP pretreatment, 7.24 ± 7.60 minutes; posttreatment, 3.84 ± 3.39 minutes; secondary RP pretreatment, 9.58 ± 8.49 minutes; posttreatment, 4.32 ± 3.56 minutes). Among patients with primary RP, the posttreatment flow starting time was similar to that in the control group. Despite improvements, all remaining parameters differed in the treatment group compared with the control group., Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound can be used effectively to monitor RP treatment. Blood flow volume can be measured without cold provocation to facilitate follow-up care of patients with RP.

Background: There is limited information in the literature that shows whether scapular taping has an effect on the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and shoulder functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of scapular Kinesio Taping® on shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength, IR and ER range of motion (ROM) and AHD in asymptomatic overhead athletes., Methods: Forty-one volleyball athletes (24 men, 17 women; mean age: 16.1±1.5 years, body mass: 66.5±9.6 kg, body height: 179.6±8.4 cm, Body Mass Index: 20.5±2.3 kg/m2, time participating in overhead sports activity: 6.2±1.4 h/week, experience in sport: 4.1±2.4 years) were included in this study. Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total rotation ROM, AHD, shoulder isometric IR and ER strength and ER:IR strength ratio of the dominant side were tested before and after taping., Results: Scapular taping increased the shoulder IR (P<0.001) and total ROM (P<0.001), AHD (P<0.001), shoulder IR (P=0.002) and ER (P=0.006) strength. ER ROM and ER:IR ratio did not change after taping (P=0.26, P=0.98, respectively)., Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that scapular taping could be an effective method for enhancing the acromiohumeral distance, shoulder rotator strength and range of motion. Therefore, scapular taping could be recommended for not only in the asymptomatic athletes' shoulder exercise training but also in the prevention of subacromial impingement syndrome.

Left anterior descending (LAD) artery and left circumflex (LCx) coronary artery originating separately from the right sinus of valsalva is exceptionally rare and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Congenital coronary artery anomalies are generally incidental, uncommon, and asymptomatic. Some can cause severe potentially life-threatening symptoms such as myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. The aberrant vessels that pass between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk pose a risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly if the vessel supplies the left coronary artery network. The electrocardiographically gated multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) allows accurate and non-invasive depiction of coronary artery anomalies including origin, course, and termination. We report here a rare case of all three coronary arteries separately originating from the right coronary sinus, which was detected with MDCT.

Objective: To determine the Keros classification and asymmetrical distribution rates of the ethmoid roof and the frequency of anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses., Materials and Methods: Paranasal sinus scans of 500 patients obtained using computed tomography were evaluated retrospectively. Measurements were performed using a coronal plan with right-left comparison and with distance measurement techniques. The depth of the lateral lamella was calculated by subtracting the depth of the cribriform plate from the depth of the medial ethmoid roof. The results were classified according to their Keros classification. Any asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and fovea ethmoidalis configuration were examined. The anatomic variations frequently encountered in paranasal sinuses (pneumatized middle concha, paradoxical middle concha, agger nasi cells, Haller cells, Onodi cells, etc.) were defined., Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribriform plate (LLCP) was 4.92±1.70 mm. The cases were classified as 13.4% Keros Type I, 76.1% Keros Type II, and 10.5% Keros Type III. There was asymmetry in the LLCP depths of 80% of the cases, and a configuration asymmetry in the fovea in 35% of the cases. In 32% of the cases with fovea configuration asymmetry, there was also asymmetry in the height of the right and left LLCP. The most frequent variations were nasal septum deviation (81.8%), agger nasi cells (63.8%), intralamellar air cells (45%), and concha bullosa (30%)., Conclusion: Using the Keros classification for LLCP height, higher rates of Keros Type I were found in other studies than in our study. The most frequent classification was Keros Type II. The paranasal sinus variations in each patient should be carefully evaluated. The data obtained from these evaluations can prevent probable complications by informing rhinologists performing endoscopic sinus surgery about preoperative and intraoperative processes.

Objective: The objective of our study was to use Doppler sonography to detect the flow characteristics and parameters of the hand arteries that are needed to distinguish between primary Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and secondary RP., Subjects and Methods: The diameter, resistive index (RI), and flow volume of the digital, ulnar, and radial arteries of patients with primary RP and those with secondary RP were measured at rest and after cold provocation. The flow starting time in the digital artery and the flow normalizing time of all three arteries were also recorded after cold provocation., Results: At baseline and after cold provocation, the diameters of the radial and digital arteries and the flow volumes of the three arteries were less in patients with secondary RP than in primary RP patients. In primary RP and secondary RP, the flow normalizing times (mean ± SD) were 9.8 ± 3.88 and 25.88 ± 7.14 minutes, respectively, in the radial artery; 11.3 ± 7.43 and 32.15 ± 12.57 minutes in the ulnar artery; and 12.22 ± 6.82 and 32.67 ± 10.76 minutes in the digital artery. A flow normalizing time cutoff in the radial artery of 17 minutes yielded a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 100%. A flow normalizing time cutoff in the ulnar artery of 23 minutes yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 100%, respectively. A flow normalizing time cutoff in the digital artery of 23 minutes yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 82.6% and 98%, respectively. The flow starting time of the digital artery was 3.80 ± 3.27 minutes in primary RP and 16.78 ± 9.97 minutes in secondary RP (p < 0.0001). The flow starting time cutoff of the digital artery was 7 minutes (sensitivity, 82.6%; specificity, 95.7%)., Conclusion: The diameter of the radial and distal arteries; flow volume; and flow volume normalizing time of the digital, ulnar, and radial arteries' flow starting time in the digital artery may be helpful in distinguishing between primary RP and secondary RP with high sensitivity and specificity values. These parameters may also facilitate objective follow-up of treatment. The noninvasive nature of Doppler sonography is an additional advantage, and there is no need for extra hardware or software.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous, multisystemic disorder of unknown origin usually affecting young Black-American adults. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and skin or eyelid lesions are the most common symptoms noted. Except for lacrimal gland enlargement, orbital involvement with sarcoidosis is rare and is usually unilateral when it occurs. The aim of this article is to report an isolated case of sarcoidosis that initially presented as an orbital tumor, and to document the CT and MR appearance of the lesions.