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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult to cure and easy to relapse, leading to poor quality of life for patients. Oxymatrine (OMT) is one of the main alkaloids of Sophora flavescens Aiton, which has many effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and immunosuppression. This study aimed to investigate whether OMT could attenuate ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing three (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. In this study, the UC rat models were established by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in vivo, while RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with Lipopolysaccharides/Adenosine Triphosphate (LPS/ATP) in vitro to simulate pyroptosis models, and Western blotting (WB) and other detection techniques were applied to analyze proteins involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Our results showed that OMT alleviated colitis ulcers and pathological damage in the TNBS-induced UC rats and exhibited an inhibitory effect on pyroptosis at the early stage of UC. In the model group, the pyroptosis reached the peak at 24 h after modeling with the contents of active-cysteine-aspartic proteases-1 (caspase-1), Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-N, and cleaved-interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) to the highest expression level. Meanwhile, we found that OMT (80 mg kg−1) remarkably decreased the expression levels of NLRP3, active-caspase-1, and cleaved-IL-1β at 24 h in the lesion tissue from UC rats. Further experiments on cells demonstrated that OMT at concentrations of 100 and 250 μM significantly inhibited cell death caused by NLRP3 inflammasome activation (p < 0.05), downregulated caspase-1, GSDMD, and decreased the levels of active-caspase-1, GSDMD-N, cleaved-IL-1β in RAW326.7 cells, and peritoneal macrophages. In summary, these results indicated that OMT could attenuate ulcerative colitis through inhibiting pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. The inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a potential strategy for UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China karst is a global hotspot of increasing vegetation cover, with ecological conservation projects being considered as the main driver. New research using global datasets also indicates that rural outmigration has contributed to increasing biomass at national scale. However, the link between rural outmigration and vegetation cover increase has not been established at regional scale, and it remains unclear as to whether increases in biomass do, in fact, improve the environmental conditions. In this study, we use local field and statistical data on population density and rocky desertification areas to study population movements and changes in aboveground biomass in relation to rocky desertification in South China karst during 2000–2017. Our results show that the urban population in this region increased by 8.3 million people between 2005 and 2015, and the rural population decreased by 4.8 million people. We find that aboveground biomass increased most in rural areas with low human pressure, and that there was an almost linear relationship between increase in biomass and rural outmigration, with the highest increase in aboveground biomass density (1.5 MgC ha−1 yr−1) observed in areas where rural outmigration was highest, and the lowest increase in aboveground biomass density (1.1 MgC ha−1 yr−1) where rural outmigration was lowest. Rocky desertification areas decreased with a higher level of rural outmigration. Using local field data, our study confirmed that rural outmigration can generate a carbon sink at regional scale by reducing rocky desertification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping forests with satellite images at local to global scale is done on a routine basis, but to go beyond the mapping of forest cover and towards characterizing forests according to their types, species and use, requires a dense time‐series of images. This knowledge is important, because ecological and economic values differ between forests. A new generation of low cost very high spatial resolution satellite images and the advent of deep learning enables improved abilities for distinguishing objects based on their structure, which could potentially also be applied to map different forest classes related to type, species and use. Here we use GF‐1 images at 2 m resolution and map six forest classes including different planted species for the karst region in southwest China, covering 806,900 km2. We compare the results with field data and show that accuracies range between 78% and 90%. We show a dominance of plantations (15%) and secondary forests (70%), and only remnants of natural forests (6%). The possibility to map forest classes based on their crown structure derived from low cost very high‐resolution satellite imagery paves the road towards sustainable forest management and restoration activities, supporting the creation of connected habitats, increasing biodiversity and improved carbon storage. No temporal information is needed for our approach, which saves costs and leads to rapid results that can be updated at a high temporal frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The karst area in southwest China is, in recent decades, one of the world's regions with the fastest vegetation growth and increase in aboveground biomass. The improvement in the ecological conditions within this region can, to a large extent, be attributed to ecological protection projects. However, it remains unclear whether the observed increase in vegetation cover could mitigate rocky desertification at large scale. In this study, we utilized information from large field campaigns in the years 2005, 2011, and 2016, supported by satellite imagery interpretation and statistics on ecological protection projects, to explore the impact of restoration efforts on rocky desertification mitigation and vegetation resilience/resistance. The results show that restoration efforts caused a net decrease of 26.14% in areas affected by rocky desertification from 2005 to 2016. The larger the restoration efforts, the stronger the decrease in rocky desertification areas, and also the vulnerability of landscapes towards desertification; the probability of rocky desertification occurring decreased almost linearly with increased restoration efforts. In addition, both vegetation resilience and resistance against climate variations increased with restoration efforts. Restoration efforts were mainly responsible for the recovery of the ecosystem, showing that human impact is the main driver for the reversal of rocky desertification. Our study provides scientific evidence on rocky desertification control being an important step towards a sustainable development of the landscapes of Southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetection has garnered extensive research interest for its vital applications in many military and civil fields. In this work, we present the synthesis of a large-area two-dimensional (2D) PdTe2 multilayer, which can be directly transferred onto a GaN substrate to construct a vertical heterostructure for visible-blind DUV photodetection. Upon 265 nm light irradiation, the heterostructure displays a distinct photovoltaic behavior, enabling it to serve as a self-driven photodetector. The important photoresponse parameters, such as ${I}_{light}/{I}_{dark}$ ratio, responsivity, specific detectivity and DUV/visible (265 nm/450 nm) rejection ratio reach as high as 106, 168.5 mA/W, $5.3 \times 10^{12}$ Jones, and 104, respectively, at zero bias. The responsivity can be further enhanced to 254.6 mA/W by applying a small reverse bias of −1.0 V. In addition, the photodetector can function as a DUV light image sensor to reliably record an “H” pattern with a decent resolution. The present study paves a way for designing high-performance cost-effective DUV photodetectors towards practical optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple ecological engineering projects have been implemented in semiarid and subhumid Northern China since 1978 with the purpose to combat desertification, control dust storms, and improve vegetation cover. Although a plethora of local studies exist, the effectiveness of these projects has not been studied in a systematic and comprehensive way. Here, we used multiple satellite‐based time‐series data as well as breakpoint analysis to assess shifts in leaf area index (a proxy for green vegetation cover), gross primary production, and aboveground biomass in Northern China. We documented increased vegetation growth in northwest and southeastern parts of the region, despite drought anomalies as documented by the standardized precipitation‐evapotranspiration index during 1982–2016. Significant breakpoints in leaf area index were observed for over 72.5% of the southeastern and northwestern regions, and 70.6% of these breakpoints were detected after 1999, which correspond well to the areas with the highest ecological engineering efforts. Areas with negative trends were mainly located in the Inner Mongolian Plateau, Hulun Biur, Horqin Sand Land, and urban areas. The Loess Plateau had the largest increase in vegetation growth, followed by the north parts of Northern China where biomass increased more in the provinces of Shanxi, Liaoning, Shannxi, Hebei, and Beijing than Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin, and Qinghai. Our results show that multiple ecological engineering projects in the region have increased vegetation cover, production, and aboveground biomass that have led to improved environmental conditions in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Loess Plateau in China is prone to widespread land degradation (soil erosion, deforestation, and water loss), and therefore, ecological restoration programmes aiming to re‐establish the ecosystem by revegetation have been implemented during recent decades. Consequently, a widespread increase in vegetation cover has been reported, but the state and dynamics of forests remain largely unknown. Here, we used field and satellite data to produce annual forest probability scores at 250 × 250 m between 2001 and 2016. We classified the forest dynamics into three types: net gain, net loss, and fluctuation. Assuming that an increasing probability score reflects forest growth, we categorised the annual forest areas into different growing stages indicating the transition between planting and mature forest. In total, the area of forest increase was 48,786 km2, and the percentage of forested areas of the region changed from 8.19% to 15.82% within 16 years. In areas of forest net gain, there was a clear transition from low‐ to high‐probability forest areas, providing evidence that a general forest transition is occurring on the Loess Plateau. The method developed for continuous monitoring of forest probability scores offers a benchmarking for further decision making on ecological restoration of the region and for mapping of afforestation projects elsewhere. The findings on major forest increases demonstrate that land degradation is in fact reversible, with implications for many ecosystem services (e.g., carbon storage and provisioning of forest products). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Above‐ground vegetation biomass is one of the major carbon sinks and provides both provisioning (e.g., forestry products) and regulating ecosystem services (by sequestering carbon). Continuing deforestation and climate change threaten this natural resource but can effectively be countered by national conservation policies. Here we present time series (1999–2017) derived from complementary satellite systems to describe a phenomenon of global significance: the greening of South China Karst. We find a major increase in growing season vegetation cover from 69% in 1999 to 81% in 2017 occurring over ~1.4 million km2. Over 1999–2012, we report one of the globally largest increases in biomass to occur in the South China Karst region (on average +4% over 0.9 million km2), which accounts for ~5% of the global areas characterized with increases in biomass. These increases in southern China's vegetation have occurred despite a decline in rainfall (−8%) and soil moisture (−5%) between 1999 and 2012 and are derived from effects of forestry and conservation activities at an unprecedented spatial scale in human history (~20,000 km2 yr−1 since 2002). These findings have major implications for the provisioning of ecosystem services not only for the Chinese karst ecosystem (e.g., carbon storage, water filtration, and timber production) but also for the study of global carbon cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a hierarchical structured cobalt sulfide/cobalt basic salt nanocomposite is successfully synthesized by using cobalt basic salt nanowires as a precursor through a vapor-phase hydrothermal process. The as-obtained hierarchical structured cobalt sulfide/cobalt basic salt nanocomposite can be applied as an electrode material for supercapacitors, it exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1984 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, a good rate capability of 78.6% capacitance retention at a high current density of 20 A g−1 and an excellent cycle stability of 90.2% capacitance retention after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. The specific capacitance of the cobalt sulfide/cobalt basic salt nanocomposite is much higher than that of the cobalt basic salt. The excellent electrochemical performances of the cobalt sulfide/cobalt basic salt nanocomposite can be attributed to its unique hierarchical nanostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of primary open-angle glaucoma among the urban population of Pudong New District, Shanghai.Methods: Three residents' committees were randomly selected from Pudong New District, and residents aged 50 and older were screened for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) from March to April 2011. In remote screening, the tests on visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the photographs of anterior segment and fundus were used to identify POAG suspect. The suspected subjects were then reexamined with the tests on IOP, gonioscopy, Humphrey visual field test, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT). POAG was diagnosed according to the criteria defined by International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO). Finally, POAG risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 2528 citizens out of 3,146 eligible residents (80.36 %) participated in this study. Among the citizens, 72 were diagnosed to have POAG, giving the crude prevalence rate of 2.85 % (95 % CI:2.20 %-3.50 %) in general and age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rate of 2.8 % (95 % CI: 2.78 %-2.83 %). Among the 72 POAG patients, only 22 cases had IOP exceeding 21 mmHg while other 50 cases had IOP of 21 mmHg or less; nine cases had one eye blind (12.5 %). Intriguingly, only eight cases (11.11 %) had been diagnosed with POAG before this screening.Conclusions: More efforts are required for early screening and education on POAG in communities, especially in a POAG high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of undercorrected refractive error (URE) among people with diabetes in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, where data for undercorrected refractive error are limited.Methods: The study was a population-based survey of 649 persons (aged 60 years or older) with diabetes in Baoshan, Shanghai in 2009. One copy of the questionnaire was completed for each subject. Examinations included a standardized refraction and measurement of presenting and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and fundus photography.Results: The calculated age-standardized prevalence rate of URE was 16.63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.76-19.49). For visual impairment subjects (presenting vision worse than 20/40 in the better eye), the prevalence of URE was up to 61.11%, and 75.93% of subjects could achieve visual acuity improvement by at least one line using appropriate spectacles. Under multiple logistic regression analysis, older age, female gender, non-farmer, increasing degree of myopia, lens opacities status, diabetic retinopathy (DR), body mass index (BMI) index lower than normal, and poor glycaemic control were associated with higher URE levels. Wearing distance eyeglasses was a protective factor for URE.Conclusion: The undercorrected refractive error in diabetic adults was high in Shanghai. Health education and regular refractive assessment are needed for diabetic adults. Persons with diabetes should be more aware that poor vision is often correctable, especially for those with risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous reports show that the {1 1 1} crystal facets of Pt-based nanocrystal catalysts are highly active for the electrooxidation of methanol. In this work, platinum–silver (Pt–Ag) alloy octahedral nanocrystals with exposed {1 1 1} facets are successfully synthesized through a one-pot, wet-chemical route. The growth mechanism of octahedral nanocrystals can be attributed to the stabilization of {1 1 1} facets by PVP. The electrocatalytic performances of the Pt–Ag octahedral nanocrystals with different Pt/Ag ratio and commercial Pt/C are studied. The results show that the electrocatalytic performances of the Pt–Ag octahedral nanocrystals are much better than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, and the Pt–Ag octahedral nanocrystals with a Pt/Ag ratio of 2:1 show the best electrocatalytic performances among the Pt–Ag octahedral nanocrystals. The Pt–Ag octahedral nanocrystals might be a promising candidate as anode catalyst for DMFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of visual impairment associated with refractive error and the unmet need for spectacles in a special suburban senior population in Baoshan District of Shanghai, one of several rural areas undergoing a transition from rural to urban area, where data of visual impairment are limited.Methods: The study was a population based survey of 4545 Chinese aged (age: >60 years or older ) at Baoshan, Shanghai, in 2009. One copy of questionnaire was completed for each subject. Examinations included a standardized refraction and measurement of presenting and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as well as tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and fundus photography.Results: The prevalence of mild (6/12 to 6/18), moderate (6/18 to 6/60) and severe visual impairment was 12.59%, 8.38% and 0.44%, respectively, and 5.26%, 3.06% and 0.09% with refractive correction. Visual impairment was associated with age, gender, education and career, but not insurance . The prevalence of correctable visual impairment was 5.81% (using 6/18 cutoff) and 13.18% (using 6/12 cutoff). Senior people and women were significantly at a higher risk of correctable visual impairment, while the well-educated on the contrary. The prevalence of undercorrected refractive error (improves by 2 or more lines with refraction) was 24.84%, and the proportion with undercorrected refractive error for mild, moderate , severe and no visual impairment was 61.54%, 67.98%, 60.00% and 14.10%, respectively. The spectacle coverage rate was 44.12%. Greater unmet need for spectacles was observed among elderly people, females, non-peasant, and subjects with less education and astigmatism only.Conclusions: High prevalence of visual impairment, visual impairment alleviated by refractive correction, and low spectacle coverage existed among the senior population in Baoshan District of Shanghai. Education for the public of the importance of regular examination and appropriate and accessible refraction service might be helpful to solve the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the past decades, the karst region in the Guangxi province in southwest China has been in the focus of large scale ecological restoration projects. In this study, we adapt the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework (which includes measures for human pressure, the current state of the ecosystem and the human response) and propose a remote sensing based ecosystem health (ESH) index (0–1; 250 m spatial resolution), evaluating the pressure and state of the fragile karst ecosystem. We further apply inventory data of recovery actions (restoration areas at county level resolution) as response to ongoing degradation to test the impact of ecological restoration on the ESH. Our analysis was conducted for the years 2000, 2010 and 2016, and the results showed that 73% of the study area experienced an increase in the ESH (from 2000 to 2016) which was related to the improvements in vegetation vigor, organization, resilience, ecosystem service provisioning which offset a deterioration in fragmentation and population density. From 2000 to 2016, areas of increase in ESH were slightly larger in karst than in non-karst (37.5% and 35.1%, respectively), but also larger areas of decrease in ESH were observed in karst as compared to non-karst (16% and 11%, respectively). The results further showed that the share of areas with a high ESH (greater than 0.7) had increased by ∼3% (from 67.16% to 70.21%) during the 17 years period. At county level, we found a clear relationship between increases in ESH and ecological restoration areas ( r  = 0.58 , p  = 0.004), with a high recovery rate (ratio between areas with increased ESH and restoration areas in a county) in karst than in non-karst. We conclude that restoration projects have caused a large scale transformation of farmland into forested areas (∼5500 km 2 ), which has caused a general improvement in ecosystem parameters related to ESH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, hosting unique alpine grassland and having a much higher snow cover than any other region at the same latitude, thus representing a "climate change hot-spot". Land surface phenology characterizes the timing of vegetation seasonality at the per-pixel level using remote sensing systems. The impact of seasonal snow cover variations on land surface phenology has drawn much attention; however, there is still no consensus on how the remote sensing estimated start of season (SOS) is biased by the presence of preseason snow cover. Here, we analyzed SOS assessments from time series of satellite derived vegetation indices and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) during 2003–2016 for the Tibetan Plateau. We evaluated satellite-based SOS with field observations and gross primary production (GPP) from eddy covariance for both snow-free and snow covered sites. SOS derived from SIF was highly correlated with field data (R2 = 0.83) and also the normalized difference phenology index (NDPI) performed well for both snow free (R2 = 0.77) and snow covered sites (R2 = 0.73). On the contrary, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) correlates only weakly with field data (R2 = 0.35 for snow free and R2 = 0.15 for snow covered sites). We further found that an earlier end of the snow season caused an earlier estimate of SOS for the Tibetan Plateau from NDVI as compared to NDPI. Our research therefore adds new evidence to the ongoing debate supporting the view that the claimed advance in land surface SOS over the Tibetan Plateau is an artifact from snow cover changes. These findings improve our understanding of the impact of snow on land surface phenology in alpine ecosystems, which can further improve remote sensing based land surface phenology assessments in snow-influenced ecosystems. Unlabelled Image • Four satellite indicators are tested to estimate spring phenology trends over the Tibetan Plateau. • The confounding effect of snow cover is evaluated. • The Normalized Difference Phenology Index provides best results for snow conditions. • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index SOS trends are biased by snow trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We quantify large scale afforestation projects impact on forest spatial patterns. • Remote sensing time series is used to analyze the effects of restoration projects. • Clear footprints were observed on the forest landscape of the Loess Plateau. • Core and fragmented forests greatly increased following afforestation projects. • Analysis of spatial pattern dynamics offers a new view on forest ecosystems. The spatial pattern of forests impacts on biodiversity, stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. Afforestation and reforestation projects have massively increased forested areas on the Chinese Loess Plateau, however, the spatial pattern of the new and old forests, as well as their interaction, remains unknown. Here we study the spatiotemporal dynamics of old and new forests for the period 2001–2016, and found that 84.21% of the old forests existed throughout the study period. Moreover, core forests (defined as a forest area which is surrounded by other forest areas) significantly increased (2585 km2 yr−1, in total 39, 597 km2). Two ecological restoration projects have left clear footprints on the forest landscape of the Loess Plateau: (1) The Natural Forest Conservation Project, aiming at expanding old forest, has resulted in the establishment of considerable areas of new forest surrounding old forest. Consequently, this has promoted new core forest areas to emerge. (2) The Grain for Green Project has mainly caused a fragmented landscape of forest islets which gradually connect to core forest areas. The general increase in core forest areas can be considered an ecological improvement, and the assessment method presented here may guide stakeholders in measuring the success of forest restoration activities that goes beyond a classical quantification of forest cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,5-Di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl(cyano)iodonium triflate is described as an accessible, stable, and powerful thiophile that can activate batches of p -tolyl thioglycoside donors at room temperature. Various alcoholic acceptors were efficiently glycosylated, providing the desired glycosides. The novel activation protocol features mild conditions as well as high compatibility with some classic strategies for the stereoselective construction of some biologically relevant glycosidic linkages, as exemplified by α-idosides, α-galactoamines, β-mannosides, and β-rhamnosides.

Purpose: To create a mouse traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) model that is reproducible, reliable, and easy to manipulate with high specificity to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and no mortality. The model will be useful for understanding the pathophysiology of retinal ganglion cell death and for testing neuroprotective therapeutics., Methods: An Nd:YAG laser was used to generate focal photodisruptive retinal damage. Noninvasive in vivo ophthalmologic imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) were used to longitudinally track the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and RGC number change, respectively. Immunostaining and pattern electroretinography (PERG) were also used to evaluate structure and functional change after laser injury., Results: Our ND:YAG laser generates a concussive photodisruptive laser shockwave force which induces focal RGC death in the targeted area. We observed a correlative decrease in RGCs number, RNFL, and PERG function of RGC in the laser zone. The pattern of RNFL thinning and RGC soma loss correlates with the pattern and amount of fluorescence loss on OCT and CSLO images, respectively. The ND:YAG laser does not cause any damage to other layers in the retina nor any side effects including changes in intraocular pressure, corneal edema, and calcification or mortality (which has been observed in other TON models)., Conclusions: We have created a new and novel RGC TON death model that confers no mortality and produces a quantifiable decrease in RGC number and function. The laser targeted regions of the retina correlate with both in vivo imaging by OCT and CSLO and histologically with regions of RGC loss without ophthalmic side effects., Translational Relevance: This laser-based TON injury model is simple to implement, is reproducible, and is useful for determining the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of TON and RGC death and for testing neuroprotective therapeutics.

Ag-Pt bimetallic hollow nanospheres have been prepared through a one-pot, wet-chemical route. The formation of the hollow nanostructure can be explained by a self-template mechanism in which initially formed silver nanoparticles serve as the template. The Ag-Pt hollow nanospheres with an Ag/Pt ratio of 0.89:1 show the best electrochemical catalytic performances in the methanol oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the Ag-Pt hollow nanospheres is also much better than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. The superior electrochemical performance of the Ag-Pt hollow nanospheres can be ascribed to the hollow nanostructure and the synergistic effect of Ag and Pt.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of primary open-angle glaucoma among the urban population of Pudong New District, Shanghai., Methods: Three residents' committees were randomly selected from Pudong New District, and residents aged 50 and older were screened for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) from March to April 2011. In remote screening, the tests on visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the photographs of anterior segment and fundus were used to identify POAG suspect. The suspected subjects were then reexamined with the tests on IOP, gonioscopy, Humphrey visual field test, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT). POAG was diagnosed according to the criteria defined by International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO). Finally, POAG risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression analysis., Results: A total of 2528 citizens out of 3,146 eligible residents (80.36 %) participated in this study. Among the citizens, 72 were diagnosed to have POAG, giving the crude prevalence rate of 2.85 % (95 % CI:2.20 %-3.50 %) in general and age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rate of 2.8 % (95 % CI: 2.78 %-2.83 %). Among the 72 POAG patients, only 22 cases had IOP exceeding 21 mmHg while other 50 cases had IOP of 21 mmHg or less; nine cases had one eye blind (12.5 %). Intriguingly, only eight cases (11.11 %) had been diagnosed with POAG before this screening., Conclusions: More efforts are required for early screening and education on POAG in communities, especially in a POAG high-risk population.