6 results on '"Tomaiuolo, Sara"'
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2. QuilA® adjuvanted Coxevac® sustains Th1-CD8+-type immunity and increases protection in Coxiella burnetii-challenged goats
- Author
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Tomaiuolo, Sara, Jansen, Wiebke, Soares Martins, Susana, Devriendt, Bert, Cox, Eric, and Mori, Marcella
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. QuilA® adjuvanted Coxevac® sustains Th1-CD8+-type immunity and increases protection in Coxiella burnetii-challenged goats.
- Author
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Tomaiuolo, Sara, Jansen, Wiebke, Soares Martins, Susana, Devriendt, Bert, Cox, Eric, and Mori, Marcella
- Subjects
KILLER cells ,Q fever ,GOATS ,VETERINARY vaccines ,IMMUNITY ,MATERNALLY acquired immunity - Abstract
Coxevac® is the EMA-approved veterinary vaccine for the protection of cattle and goats against Q fever, a zoonotic bacterial disease due to Coxiella burnetii. Since Coxevac® reduces bacterial shedding and clinical symptoms but does not prevent infection, novel, ready-to-use vaccine formulations are needed to increase its immunogenicity. Here, a goat vaccination-challenge model was used to evaluate the impact of the commercially available saponin-based QuilA® adjuvant on Coxevac® immunity. Upon challenge, the QuilA®-Coxevac® group showed a stronger immune response reflected in a higher magnitude of total IgG and an increase in circulating and splenic CD8
+ T-cells compared to the Coxevac® and challenged-control groups. The QuilA®-Coxevac® group was characterized by a targeted Th1-type response (IFNγ, IP10) associated with increased transcripts of CD8+ and NK cells in spleens and γδ T cells in bronchial lymph nodes. Coxevac® vaccinated animals presented an intermediate expression of Th1-related genes, while the challenged-control group showed an immune response characterized by pro-inflammatory (IL1β, TNFα, IL12), Th2 (IL4 and IL13), Th17 (IL17A) and other immunoregulatory cytokines (IL6, IL10). An intriguing role was observed for γδ T cells, which were of TBX21- and SOX4-types in the QuilA®-Coxevac® and challenged control group, respectively. Overall, the addition of QuilA® resulted in a sustained Th1-type activation associated with an increased vaccine-induced bacterial clearance of 33.3% as compared to Coxevac® only. QuilA® could be proposed as a readily-applied veterinary solution to improve Coxevac® efficacy against C. burnetii infection in field settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. (Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms
- Author
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Bertemes, Philip, Pjeta, Robert, Wunderer, Julia, Grosbusch, Alexandra L., Lengerer, Birgit, Grüner, Kevin, Knapp, Magdalena, Mertens, Birte, Andresen, Nikolas, Hess, Michael W., Tomaiuolo, Sara, Zankel, Armin, Holzer, Patrik, Salvenmoser, Willi, Egger, Bernhard, and Ladurner, Peter
- Subjects
in situ hybridisation ,Macrostomum ,QH301-705.5 ,Animal Structures ,Fresh Water ,non-permanent adhesion ,aquatic ,Helminth Proteins ,Article ,Chemistry ,RNA interference ,duo-gland adhesive system ,Biomimetic Materials ,Platyhelminths ,Adhesives ,Animals ,Seawater ,Biology (General) ,glue ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Many free-living flatworms have evolved a temporary adhesion system, which allows them to quickly attach to and release from diverse substrates. In the marine Macrostomum lignano, the morphology of the adhesive system and the adhesion-related proteins have been characterised. However, little is known about how temporary adhesion is performed in other aquatic environments. Here, we performed a 3D reconstruction of the M. lignano adhesive organ and compared it to the morphology of five selected Macrostomum, representing two marine, one brackish, and two freshwater species. We compared the protein domains of the two adhesive proteins, as well as an anchor cell-specific intermediate filament. We analysed the gene expression of these proteins by in situ hybridisation and performed functional knockdowns with RNA interference. Remarkably, there are almost no differences in terms of morphology, protein regions, and gene expression based on marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. This implies that glue components produced by macrostomids are conserved among species, and this set of two-component glue functions from low to high salinity. These findings could contribute to the development of novel reversible biomimetic glues that work in all wet environments and could have applications in drug delivery systems, tissue adhesives, or wound dressings.
- Published
- 2021
5. Phylogeography of Human and Animal Coxiella burnetii Strains: Genetic Fingerprinting of Q Fever in Belgium.
- Author
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Tomaiuolo, Sara, Boarbi, Samira, Fancello, Tiziano, Michel, Patrick, Desqueper, Damien, Grégoire, Fabien, Callens, Jozefien, Fretin, David, Devriendt, Bert, Cox, Eric, and Mori, Marcella
- Subjects
COXIELLA burnetii ,DNA fingerprinting ,Q fever ,TANDEM repeats ,ZOONOSES ,PHYLOGEOGRAPHY ,CATTLE genetics - Abstract
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are the primary source for human infection, and the identification of likely contamination routes from the reservoir animals the critical point to implement control programs. This study shows that Q fever is detected in Belgium in abortion of cattle, goat and sheep at a different degree of apparent prevalence (1.93%, 9.19%, and 5.50%, respectively). In addition, and for the first time, it is detected in abortion of alpaca (Vicugna pacos), raising questions on the role of these animals as reservoirs. To determine the relationship between animal and human strains, Multiple Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) (n=146), Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (n=92) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) (n=4) methods were used to characterize samples/strains during 2009-2019. Three MLVA clusters (A, B, C) subdivided in 23 subclusters (A1-A12, B1-B8, C1-C3) and 3 SNP types (SNP1, SNP2, SNP6) were identified. The SNP2 type/MLVA cluster A was the most abundant and dispersed genotype over the entire territory, but it seemed not responsible for human cases, as it was only present in animal samples. The SNP1/MLVA B and SNP6/MLVA C clusters were mostly found in small ruminant and human samples, with the rare possibility of spillovers in cattle. SNP1/MLVA B cluster was present in all Belgian areas, while the SNP6/MLVA C cluster appeared more concentrated in the Western provinces. A broad analysis of European MLVA profiles confirmed the host-species distribution described for Belgian samples. In silico genotyping (WGS) further identified the spacer types and the genomic groups of C. burnetii Belgian strains: cattle and goat SNP2/MLVA A isolates belonged to ST61 and genomic group III, while the goat SNP1/MLVA B strain was classified as ST33 and genomic group II. In conclusion, Q fever is widespread in all Belgian domestic ruminants and in alpaca. We determined that the public health risk in Belgium is likely linked to specific genomic groups (SNP1/MLVA B and SNP6/MLVA C) mostly found in small ruminant strains. Considering the concordance between Belgian and European results, these considerations could be extended to other European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Coxiella burnetii Shedding in Milk and Molecular Typing of Strains Infecting Dairy Cows in Greece.
- Author
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Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Fancello, Tiziano, Simons, Xavier, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Tomaiuolo, Sara, Andreopoulou, Marianna, Petrone, Debora, Papapostolou, Aikaterini, Giadinis, Nektarios D., Panousis, Nikolaos, Mori, Marcella, and Addis, Maria Filippa
- Subjects
Q fever ,COXIELLA burnetii ,DAIRY cattle ,HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle ,TANDEM repeats ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,CATTLE breeds ,DAIRY farms - Abstract
Ruminants are considered the commonest animal reservoir for human infection of Coxiella burnetii, the Q fever causative agent. Considering the recently described importance of human Q fever in Greece, we aimed at providing the first comprehensive direct evidence of C. burnetii in dairy cows in Greece, including the genetic characterization of strains. The 462 examined dairy farms represented all geographical areas of Greece. One bulk tank milk sample was collected from every farm and tested for the presence of C. burnetii. Molecular genotyping of strains, performed directly on samples, revealed the existence of two separate clades characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes of type 1 and type 2. The two clades were clearly distinguished in multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) by two discriminative loci: MS30 and MS28. Whereas MLVA profiles of SNP-type 2 clade were closely related to strains described in other European cattle populations, the MLVA profile observed within the SNP type 1 clade highlighted a peculiar genetic signature for Greece, related to genotypes found in sheep and goats in Europe. The shedding of C. burnetii bearing this genotype might have yet undefined human epidemiological consequences. Surveillance of the genetic distribution of C. burnetii from different sources is needed to fully understand the epidemiology of Q fever in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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