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We, the Editor and Publisher of Applied Artificial Intelligence, have retracted the following article:Zhang Maoyun, Xi Huizhuang, Tang Chen, Jiang Yuheng, Zhang Ziyan & Tian Chunlin, Binding Mechanism of Aviation Wire Harness Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization, Applied Artificial Intelligence https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2327009Since publication, concerns have been raised by the authors about the integrity of the data presented in the article. The authors have identified issues with the programming statistics that have led to conclusions which are not credible and have requested the retraction of the article.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

The autonomous displacement and displacement measurement functions of the maglev ruler are performed by the mover core. The magnetic levitation ruler can serve as a viable alternative to the linear measurement system of a coordinate measuring machine. The stability of the four magnetic fields in air gaps and the levitation position of the maglev ruler is one of the key factors for the stability of the thrust force on the power core, and it is also one of the key factors for ensuring the precision of the maglev ruler. There is cross-coupling between the two ends of the mover core of the maglev ruler, resulting in a strongly coupled, nonlinear, multi-input and multi-output system for the levitating system of the maglev ruler. This paper establishes a mathematical model for the levitating system of the maglev ruler and designs a levitating control system for the maglev ruler based on an active disturbance rejection control algorithm to achieve decoupling and disturbance suppression. Through simulation analysis and experimental testing of the levitating system with starting and disturbance, it is proved that the levitating control system of the maglev ruler has good dynamic characteristics, static characteristics, and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single axis linear displacement measurement system of CMM is composed of grating ruler, servo motor and linear motion mechanism. Although the measuring accuracy of grating ruler is high, the accuracy of servo motor and linear motion mechanism is low. Therefore, the complex structure limits the measurement accuracy of the linear displacement measurement system. This paper introduces a novel linear displacement measurement system named magnetic levitation ruler. According to the working principle of grating ruler and the characteristics of magnetic levitation technology, the magnetic circuit design and structural design of magnetic levitation ruler are completed in this paper. The mover core of the magnetic levitation ruler is in the stable working magnetic field provided by the stator yoke. The horizontal control coil wound on the mover core can obtain more stable ampere force to improve the control accuracy of the mover core displacement. Therefore, the mover core can be moved in step mode, and the length of each step is fixed. Each step is the minimum scale of the magnetic levitation ruler. Therefore, the mover core can implement displacement measurement while moving in a linear motion. This paper analyzes the working principle of levitation, horizontal motion, and displacement measurement of magnetic levitation ruler, and determines the structural materials and parameters of magnetic levitation ruler with the help of finite element analysis software. The simulation results show that the levitation force of the magnetic levitation ruler is proportional to the current passing through the levitation coils, and the thrust of the horizontal control coil is less disturbed by the magnetic field. Compared with the linear displacement measurement system with rotational servo motor or permanent magnet synchronous linear motor as the core, the magnetic levitation ruler has stable magnetic field, strong controllability, high integration, and is easier to achieve high-precision control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-form surfaces have good aberration correction capability and balance capability for nonrotationally symmetric imaging systems. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative relationship between X–Y polynomial combination and aberration for the efficient design of X–Y free-form optical systems. The purpose of this study was to provide an exhaustive design method for off-axis triple inverse optical systems with X–Y free-form surfaces. Finally, we designed a free-form off-axis optical system with a large field of view (FOV) and low distortion based on the off-axis triple inverse optical system without an intermediate image plane. The primary mirror (PM) of the system adopted an X–Y polynomial free-form surface to correct the aberration of different FOVs of the system and improve the image width and quality. The optical system had a focal length of 1000 mm, an F-value of 9.5, an FOV angle of 23° × 1°, a maximum distortion grid in the FOV less than or equal to −0.05%, and a full-field average wave aberration better than 0.055 λ (λ/18.2, λ = 632.8 nm). The analysis of the design results showed that the system had high-quality imaging and a compact structure. This design method can provide a technical reference for the study of such free-form off-axis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish the three-dimensional model of the worm and worm gear by using SolidWorks. On the worm and worm gear modal analysis is carried out by using finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench. Obtain the first 6 order natural frequency and vibration mode characteristics of worm and worm gear. Modal analysis laid the foundation for further study on dynamics analysis, Also for the worm and worm gear structure optimization design provides a reference.

In this study, the relationship between the tensile strength and the indentation depth was studied by analysing the deformation mechanism of the crimping assembly of the aviation wiring harness end. Tensile strength tests were performed on samples of crimping assemblies with different indentation depths. The results showed that the experimental and theoretical values were in good agreement, verifying the validity of the established mathematical model for tensile strength. Based on this model, a reasonable design range for the indentation depth corresponding to the specific combination of contacts and strands was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of science and technology, industrial production has higher and higher requirements for precision. Many high-precision measurement technologies emerge as the times require, and nanoscale grating ruler displacement measurement technology is one of them. As a kind of precision sensor, nanoscale grating ruler has important application in displacement measurement system. CPLD has the advantages of high integration and fast programming speed, which is often used to control the displacement measurement system of nanoscale grating ruler. The purpose of this paper is to deeply explore the measurement effect and related application principle of nanoscale grating ruler displacement measurement system based on CPLD technology. A set of nanoscale grating ruler displacement measurement system is designed based on CPLD technology. The output signal of grating ruler is programmed by CPLD. The x-axis displacement of the experimental platform controlled by stepping motor is measured, and the measured data are recorded by carrying out analysis and research. The results show that compared with the traditional phase difference measurement system, the measurement accuracy of the system based on CPLD is improved by 24.7%, the robustness of the measurement system is improved by 18.6%, and the measurement speed is increased by 27.3%. Therefore, this kind of nanoscale measurement precision grating ruler displacement measurement control system based on CPLD has three characteristics: high measurement accuracy, strong anti-interference ability, and high measurement motion efficiency, which can effectively meet the requirements of grating ruler displacement measurement system for high-precision manufacturing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of deburring process with fluid-impact to automobile main cylinder cross hole is studied in this paper to achieve higher processing quality and processing efficiency, so as to enable a system to automatically adapt to the change of processing state and not affect the processing quality due to the change of processing status. The improved fuzzy RBF expert system is used to optimize the processing parameters intelligently. Training and reasoning are done with fuzzy RBF neural network and double object optimization is done with particle swarm optimization based on flow dispersion and processing efficiency. A method of orthogonal combination is proposed in the number of hidden bodes in inference layer of fuzzy RBF neural network and their combination modes. Compared with the method of forming hidden nodes by combining the whole fuzzy layer, this method greatly reduces the amount of calculation and has obvious effect in solving complex problems. Experiment has been done on different processing programs, which shows that the processing quality has been greatly improved with the optimized process, the processing quality is obviously higher than that in the national standard, and the process level has been further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sevoflurane and isoflurane had been reported to improve ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) through amelioration of the inflammatory response. We aimed to explore and compare the molecular mechanisms involved in sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in liver ischemia-reperfusion of rat model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, I/R group, sevoflurane group, and isoflurane group. The liver I/R injury model was established to investigate the effect of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on liver ischemia/reperfusion. The inflammatory markers and complement C3, C5a, and C6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative stress was detected by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO). Our results showed that sevoflurane anesthesia significantly decreased alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels compared with isoflurane and controls. Sevoflurane inhibited I/R injury induced production of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and promoted interleukin 10 production more significantly compared with isoflurane. Reduced MDA and NO and elevated SOD release suggested that oxidative stress was attenuated by sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Both sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia significantly decreased plasma C3 levels compared with the I/R injury group without differences. Sevoflurane anesthesia produced a more significant inhibitive effect on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in liver I/R injury model than isoflurane, suggesting that sevoflurane is more suitable in surgery. • Sevoflurane produced greater effects in reversing liver function than isoflurane. • Sevoflurane is more helpful in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury during surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]