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Dental implants represent the gold standard for the treatment of single edentulism, even in anterior areas. Today, the basic criteria for implant success has changed from mobility, pain, radiolucency, and peri-implant bone loss (>1.5 mm) to prosthetic level success, aesthetics, soft tissue parameters, as well as patient satisfaction. This case report documents a combination of surgical and prosthetic procedures for the treatment of gingival recessions in the anterior maxilla, appearing after tooth extraction, socket preservation, and staged guided implant placement. Prosthetic management of the temporary restoration, orthodontic treatment, and a connective tissue graft were performed. The decision-making process and step-by-step execution of the treatments are presented to describe the entire clinical and surgical management of the reported case. Finally, good aesthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and recovery of the soft tissue recession were observed with the combination of these techniques.

Aim and objective To evaluate the success rate of stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) placed on permanent molars among adolescents in King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH). Materials and methods Electronic records of KAUDH patients aged 10 to 15 years who had an SSC placed on a permanent molar from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. The patients were contacted by telephone and were invited to participate in the study. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically. Results The response rate was 42.6%. The total number of SSCs included in the study was 36 crowns. The mean age was 11.75 ± 1.95. Males represented 75.76% of the subjects. The success rate of SSCs placed on permanent molars was 86.10%. Conclusion Placement of SSCs on permanent molars is a highly successful long-term temporary restoration that preserves badly destructed molars in adolescents until definitive prosthetic treatment can be done. Clinical significance To provide updated knowledge to healthcare providers and researchers about the success rate of SSCs when placed on permanent molars. How to cite this article Felemban O, Alagl H, Aloufi W, et al. Success Rate of Stainless-steel Crowns Placed on Permanent Molars among Adolescents. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):488-491.

Introduction: A temporary construction serves as a preliminary representation of the type and appearance of a future permanent one that is tailored to the patient’s requirements. Like any prosthetic construction, it should meet the functional requirements, preserve or improve chewing and speech function. No matter how well maintained a prophylactic and functional prosthetic structure is, it will not be evaluated by the patient unless it retains and restores the existing shape, size and color of the natural teeth. Aim: To determine instrumentally to what extent different colorants change the color of temporary constructions. Materials and methods: Two materials for temporary restoration were tested – Protemp II and Protemp IV, of which a total of 100 test specimens, were fabricated. Under the equal storage conditions of room temperature and no direct access to sunlight, they were exposed to five 100-ml staining solutions: Coca-Cola, coffee (espresso), berry tea, orange juice and red wine in five separate containers. Measurements of color changes in the three areas of the tooth were performed using two spectrophotometric devices – Vita EasyShade and SpectroShade, at different time intervals – immediately before placement in the staining solution, at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. Results: The results were analysed using the SPSS Statistical Processing Program (SPSS Inc., IBM SPSS Statistics) version 21.0. They were converted to a text file with the converter of the same program. In hypothesis testing, a standard value of p ≤ 0.05 was chosen for the level of significance that rejects the null hypothesis. Conclusion: Based on this study, the strong colouring effect of coffee and red wine on these restorations was demonstrated. We can conclude that Protemp IV material showed better color stability compared to Protemp II.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the decision-making by patients to replace temporary restorations with permanent restorations after endodontic treatment and to verify the associated factors and evaluate the quality/integrity of the temporary restorative material within one month. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling which analyzed patients after one month of endodontic treatment. The self-administered questionnaire contained sociodemographic, treatment decision-making and endodontic treatment questions. The restoration present in the mouth was evaluated in the clinical oral examination. The Poisson Regression test was used to verify the prevalence ratio. Results The prevalence failure to perform permanent restorations was 61.1% of patients, and 42.7% reported not having adhered. The reasons are lack of time and not knowing the importance of replacing the restoration with a definitive one. The glass ionomer temporary restorative frequency was higher among those who chose not to replace the temporary restoration with a permanent one (PR=5.19; 95%CI 2.10-12.33). In addition, there was an association between the quality of the restorative material and the type of material, and the best clinical quality of the restoration was statistically associated with glass ionomer and composite resin. Conclusions The findings show the importance of guidance by the dental surgeon in helping patients decide to replace their temporary restoration.

Recent burgeoning development in material science has introduced a 3D-printable, nanohybrid composite resin restorative material. However, its performance has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the stain susceptibility and efficacy of different stain removal techniques. A total of 120 labial veneers were fabricated using milling (n = 60) and SLA 3D-printing (n = 60). Based on the immersion media: coffee, tea and artificial saliva, each group was divided into three sub-groups (n = 20). Stain susceptibility was evaluated by calculating color difference (∆E00) at 12 and 24 days using a spectrophotometer against black and white backgrounds. Collected data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p &lt, 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found between the staining mediums and fabrication methods in both black and white backgrounds (p &lt, 0.001). 3D-printed restorations showed significantly higher stain susceptibility than milled restorations (p &lt, 0.001). Prolonged immersion time increased the color difference in both groups. In-office bleaching was more effective in stain removal in both 3D-printed and milled restoration groups. The susceptibility of the presented novel 3D-printed restorative material to color changes in different immersion mediums was clinically not-acceptable. The clinicians might expect the need to replace the restoration after 1–2 years and thus, recommendation for the use of such a material as a permanent restoration cannot be made but rather as a long-term temporary restoration.

Aim: In this study was evaluated the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with different restorative materials. Methods: Sixty maxillary premolars were submitted to the same mesio-occlusal-distal cavity preparation, endodontic treatment and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Coltosol Group – GCO restored with calcium silicate material; Glass Ionomer Cement Group – GGIC, restored with Maxxion R; Modified Glass Ionomer Cement – GMGIC, restored with Gold Label 2; Composite Group - GC, restored with Z100, and the positive control group (GP) - left unrestored. One group remained intact (n=10) serving as negative control (GN). Samples were subjected to fracture resistance testing by the universal testing machine until fracture occurred and was registered in newtons (N). Fracture pattern was assessed and described as favorable or unfavorable. The results were statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test with significant statistical difference at P < 0.05. Results: Higher fracture resistance results were found for GC (1,128.35 ± 249.17), GMGIC (1,250.77 ± 173.29), and GN (1,277.22 ± 433.44) (P < .05). More favorable fractures were observed in the GCO (6), GC (7), and GN (7) (P < .05). Conclusion: Teeth restored with composite and modified GIC presented the same resistance as intact teeth. Teeth restored with Coltosol and GGIC presented similar resistance to unrestored teeth. Objetivo: En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a la fractura de premolares maxilares tratados endodónticamente restaurados con diferentes materiales restauradores. Métodos: Sesenta premolares maxilares fueron sometidos a la misma preparación de cavidad mesio-oclusal-distal, tratamiento endodóntico y divididos en 5 grupos (n = 10): Grupo Coltosol - GCO restaurado con material de silicato de calcio; Grupo de cemento de ionómero de vidrio - GCIV, restaurado con Maxxion R; Cemento de ionómero de vidrio modificado - GCIM, restaurado con Gold Label 2; Grupo compuesto - GC, restaurado con Z100, y el grupo de control positivo (GP) - dejado sin restaurar. Un grupo permaneció intacto (n = 10) sirviendo como control negativo (GN). Las muestras se sometieron a pruebas de resistencia a la fractura mediante la máquina de prueba universal hasta que se produjo la fractura y se registró en newtons (N). El patrón de fractura se evaluó y describió como favorable o desfavorable. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente mediante un análisis de varianza de 1 vía y la prueba de Tukey post hoc con una diferencia estadística significativa a P

In various situations in the day-to-day of the endodontic clinic, the professional is faced with the need to carry out the work in more than one session. Therefore, it is imperative to select the appropriate temporary restorative material, which does not allow marginal percolation and prevents contamination of the root canal system. Microleakage consists of the passage of fluids from one place to another, and in the oral cavity, it can occur towards the inside of the tooth via the material-tooth interface, taking microorganisms, toxins and chemical substances into the root canal, which would promote the treatment failure. For this, it is necessary to maintain the aseptic chain, through chemical-mechanical preparation and, if there is a need to use a temporary restorative material to seal the endodontic access cavity, it should act as a real barrier to marginal infiltrations. Temporary restorative materials are used in Endodontics to ensure efficient sealing between treatment sessions, as well as after the end of treatment, until the tooth is definitively restored. Several researches are carried out in search of an ideal restorative material. Various materials have been the subject of research and investigation. However, it is essential to perform a temporary restoration in endodontic procedures of multiple consultations, preventing contamination of the root canal system. This article consists of a literature review that addresses the relationship between coronary microleakage and the performance of temporary restorative materials, widely used between endodontic treatment sessions. En diversas situaciones del día a día de la clínica de endodoncia, el profesional se enfrenta a la necesidad de realizar el trabajo en más de una sesión. Por lo tanto, es imperativo seleccionar el material de restauración temporal apropiado, que no permita la percolación marginal y evite la contaminación del sistema del conducto radicular. La microfiltración consiste en el paso de fluidos de un lugar a otro, y en la cavidad bucal, puede ocurrir hacia el interior del diente a través de la interfase material-diente, llevando microorganismos, toxinas y sustancias químicas al conducto radicular, lo que promovería el fracaso del tratamiento. Para ello, es necesario mantener la cadena aséptica, mediante preparación químico-mecánica y, si es necesario utilizar un material restaurador temporal para sellar la cavidad de acceso endodóntico, debe actuar como una barrera real a las infiltraciones marginales. Los materiales de restauración temporal se utilizan en endodoncia para asegurar un sellado eficiente entre sesiones de tratamiento, así como después del final del tratamiento, hasta que el diente esté definitivamente restaurado. Se llevan a cabo varias investigaciones en busca de un material de restauración ideal. Varios materiales han sido objeto de investigación e investigación. Sin embargo, es fundamental realizar una restauración temporal en procedimientos de endodoncia de múltiples consultas, evitando la contaminación del sistema de conductos radiculares. Este artículo consiste en una revisión de la literatura que aborda la relación entre la microfiltración coronaria y el rendimiento de los materiales restauradores temporales, ampliamente utilizados entre las sesiones de tratamiento endodóntico. Em várias situações do dia-a-dia da clínica endodôntica, o profissional depara-se com a necessidade de realizar o trabalho em mais de uma sessão. Portanto, é imperioso selecionar o material restaurador temporário adequado, que não permita a percolação marginal e previna a contaminação do sistema de canais radiculares. A microinfiltração consiste na passagem de fluídos de um local para outro, sendo que na cavidade oral, pode ocorrer rumo ao interior do dente via interface material-dente, levando microorganismos, toxinas e substâncias químicas para o interior do canal radicular, o que promoveria o insucesso do tratamento. Para isso, faz-se necessária a manutenção da cadeia asséptica, através do preparo químico-mecânico e, se houver a necessidade da utilização de um material restaurador temporário para selar a cavidade de acesso endodôntico, este deverá atuar como real barreira às infiltrações marginais. Os materiais restauradores temporários são utilizados em Endodontia para garantir um eficiente selamento entre as sessões do tratamento, bem como após o término do tratamento, até que o dente venha a ser restaurado definitivamente. Diversas pesquisas são realizadas em busca de um material restaurador ideal. Vários materiais têm sido objeto de pesquisas e investigações. No entanto, é imprescindível a realização de uma restauração temporária em procedimentos endodônticos de consultas múltiplas, impedindo a contaminação do sistema de canais radiculares. Este artigo consiste em uma revisão da literatura que aborda a relação entre microinfiltração coronária e a performance de materiais restauradores temporários, amplamente utilizados entre sessões de tratamento endodôntico.

Introduction. Coronal leakage is detrimental to the long-term success of root canal treatment (RCT). While much emphasis is being placed on the quality of the final restoration, little attention is given to the temporary restoration placed in between root canal treatment appointments. The aim of this study was to survey temporization techniques practiced in Saudi Arabia and the frequency of observing temporary material breakdown or complete loss. Materials and Methods. An online questionnaire was distributed among general dentists, dental specialists, and clinical trainees in undergraduate and postgraduate dental programs. The sample size was estimated at 370 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results. The total number of participants who met the inclusion criteria was 525. The majority of them (94.6%) were practicing two-visit RCT. The most common temporization materials were Cavit (50.3%) followed by glass ionomer cement (32%). The majority (72.6%) of participants claimed they allow a thickness of 2-3 mm for temporary restorations. Many participants (60.4%) used a spacer material during temporization, and the cotton pellet was the most common spacer material. Temporary restoration breakdown or complete loss was a common observation. Although the duration between the two RCT visits was 2 weeks or less for 83.6% of participants, only 19.6% of participants claimed that they rarely observed temporization breakdown. Conclusion. Two-visit RCT is commonly practiced in Saudi Arabia, and endodontists performed significantly more single-visit procedures. Temporization practices may lack uniformity; however, clinicians were more likely to use calcium sulfate-derived material for two weeks or less. They allow for 2-3 mm thickness restoration and use a cotton pellet as a spacer. According to their clinical observation, temporary material breakdown or complete loss was frequent. This mandates further attention in research and education.

This review discusses the techniques and uses of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and interim therapeutic restoration (ITR) and states the differences between these two approaches. ART and ITR are similar approaches and are performed using the same material, but they differ in the purpose of their use. ART is used in cases when there are obstacles to reaching dental care units and has been proven to have high success rates in primary and permanent dentitions. ITR is used as a temporary restoration that will be replaced with a more definitive one. ITR is used in cases when the ideal dental treatment cannot be performed. Conventional glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) restorative cement (GIC) is the material of choice that has been used for ART and ITR. This is because of its fluoride release properties, including its ability to bond to enamel and dentine, its pulpal biocompatibility, and its ease of manipulation. High-viscosity glass ionomer performed better than low and medium-viscosity glass ionomer in ART. Combining GIC with conditioner, as well as the use of a chemo-mechanical approach, improved the success rate of ART. Both ATR and ITR are acceptable strategies, with success rates comparable to the traditional treatment methods.

(1) Background: Three-dimensional printing is progressing rapidly and is applied in many fields of dentistry. Tooth autotransplantation offers a viable biological approach to tooth replacement in children and adolescents. Restoring or reshaping the transplanted tooth to the anterior maxilla should be done as soon as possible for psychological and aesthetic reasons. However, to avoid interfering with the natural healing process, reshaping of transplanted teeth is usually delayed three to four months after transplantation. This delay creates a need for simple indirect temporary aesthetic restoration for autotransplanted teeth. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a digital solution for temporary restoration of autotransplanted teeth using 3D printing. (2) Methods: Four dry human skulls and four dry human mandibles were scanned using cone beam computed tomography to create 3D models for 15 premolars. Digital impression of the maxillary arch of one of the skulls was captured by intra oral scanner. The digital work flow for the design and fabrication of temporary veneers is presented. The seating and adaptation of the 3D printed veneers were evaluated using stereomicroscopy and micro-computed tomography. (3) Results: Evaluation of the veneer seating using stereomicroscopy showed that the mean marginal gap at all of the sides was below the cut-off value of 200 &micro, m. The overall mean marginal gap was 99.9 &plusmn, 50.7 &micro, m (median: 87.8 (IQR 64.2&ndash, 133 &micro, m)). The internal adaptation evaluation using micro-computed tomography showed an average median gap thickness of 152.5 &plusmn, 47.7 (IQR 129&ndash, 149.3 &micro, m). (4) Conclusions: The present concept of using temporary veneers that are designed and fabricated with CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) technology using a DLP (digital light processing) printer may present a viable treatment option for restoration of autotransplanted teeth.

The purpose of this paper was to report the five-year success of Biodentine™ partial pulpotomy in a young permanent molar, with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis and periapical lesion, in a nine-year-old girl. Preoperative clinical examination revealed a large carious lesion of the left mandibular permanent first molar. The patient reported pain on percussion. The tooth responded positively to the electric pulp test and had lingering pain after cold testing. A periapical radiograph showed a deep carious lesion and periapical lesion. Based on the clinical and radiographical examination, the tooth had signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis and periapical lesion. During caries removal, pulp exposure occurred, and 2-3 mm in depth of pulp tissue at the exposure site was removed. Haemorrhage was controlled within four minutes with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite-moistened cotton pellets. Biodentine™ was then applied as both a pulp dressing and a temporary restoration. At the following visit, composite resin was placed over the Biodentine™ as a final restoration. During a five-year follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic, had positive responses to sensibility tests, and had no discolouration. Follow-up radiographs showed a dentine bridge and periapical healing.

TP53 pathway alterations are well-described events in medulloblastoma (MB) and are predictive of poor clinical outcome. Alterations are rare at diagnosis in Group3 (Gr3) and Group4, but enriched in Sonic Hedgehog and WNT subgroups. However, TP53 mutations are observed in all subgroups at relapse. Radiation therapy, along with surgery and chemotherapy, represents the standard of care treatment for MB. Loss of p53 function correlates with increased resistance to radiation in several cancers conferring poor survival for patients. In this study, we exposed the MYCN-driven/Trp53kiki (with tamoxifen-inducible p53 activation) Gr3 MB GEMM to a clinically relevant fractionated radiation therapy (RT) regime, to assess the role of p53 in Gr3 radio-resistance and relapse. Mice exhibiting tumour progression (bioluminescence (BLI) signal >109 photons/second) were randomized to treatment groups. A small animal radiation research platform was used to deliver CT-guided cranio-spinal irradiation (CSI) and a cranial boost (CB). Mice were followed for survival and tumour burden tracked using BLI. Bodyweight was monitored to evaluate treatment tolerability. Full dose radiation therapy (54Gy CB, 36Gy CSI, α/β=10) or dose modulation (12Gy CB, 8Gy CSI) was performed. The results showed comparable primary tumour regression in response to RT in p53 inactive and active backgrounds, followed by imminent relapse or prolonged remission respectively. No significant acute toxicity was observed. Temporary activation of p53 during RT improved tumour-free survival and decreased the incidence of relapse. In conclusion, we developed a new model which will help improve understanding of the radiobiology of high-risk MB and future preclinical trials.

Objective. The study aims at investigating the treatment patterns for young permanent posterior teeth with pulp involvement. Materials and Methods. A random sample of 1793 dental records of patients aged 6–18 years old who had received dental treatment was investigated. 663 permanent posterior treated teeth had pulp involvement. Demographic and treatment data were gathered from patients’ records. Results. Prevalence of young permanent teeth with pulp involvement was 36.9%. Treatments received significantly increased as patients’ age increased (P=0.001). The first mandibular molar had the most pulp involvement among all teeth (43.89%). Temporary restoration was the most received restoration (59%). The most common pulpal diagnosis, leading to treatment, was irreversible pulpitis (43.04%). Only 19.8% of treated teeth received completed root canal treatment. Conclusion. There is a high percentage of children and adolescents with immature permanent posterior teeth with pulp involvement. Similarly, a variety of treatment patterns is present, with a small percentage of completed root canal treatment. Clinical Relevance. The study has identified the need to provide guidelines to provide high-quality root canal treatments for young permanent posterior teeth that have pulpal involvement. Only 21.8% of root canal treatments were completed, while 24% of teeth were extracted, and 59% of patients received temporary restorative treatments. This suggests that there might be several factors that might prevent completion of the dental treatment, such as patient preference, insurance coverage, or dentist capability. These factors and guidelines for patient care should be investigated and resolved.

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of secondary root canal treatment (retreatment) on posterior teeth in relation to the residual volume of coronal tooth structure, measured with an intraoral scanner, using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).METHODOLOGY: A total of 137 posterior teeth in 121 patients were assessed clinically and radiographically using periapical radiographs and CBCT scans at baseline and 1-year after root canal retreatment. The increase or decrease in the size of preoperative periapical radiolucencies and development of new radiolucencies were assessed by a consensus panel consisting of two pre-calibrated examiners. A clinical impression was obtained for each tooth after completion of root canal retreatment, before the placement of the temporary restoration and following cast restoration placement to produce two casts. All casts were scanned using an intraoral digital scanner and the three-dimensional volume of remaining tooth structure calculated. Teeth were also classified according to the number of remaining coronal walls before core build-up. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the outcome of root canal retreatments and the volume of remaining coronal tooth structure.RESULTS: At the 1-year recall, teeth retaining less than 30% of their original tooth structure volume had a significantly higher proportion of unfavourable outcomes (χ(2) , PCONCLUSIONS: The loss of tooth structure volume is an objective parameter that can be used to predict the probability of success of root canal retreatments. At 1-year follow-up, the percentage of unfavourable outcomes of root canal retreated teeth was significantly higher when less than 30% of the original tooth tissue structure was present at baseline. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Acrylic resins are widely used in dentistry, especially in orthodontics and prosthetics. Patients: this article reports the case of a leukodermic 33-year-old male who reported discomfort and pain due to an erythematous lesion in the first left premolar after the placement of an acrylic resin temporary restoration. Discussion: The signs and symptoms presented by the patient and his report of visiting the rural countryside generated concern regarding the possible diagnosis, which led to a more invasive biopsy to differentiate allergic inflammation from a paracococcidioid mycosisIncisional. Biopsy revealed a chronic inflammatory process. Conclusion: the pathology was caused by contact with methyl methacrylate-based provisional acrylic resin.

Aim To evaluate the effect of two different abutment designs on soft tissue healing and the stability of the mucosal margin in vivo. Materials and methods Twenty-nine subjects received two, non-adjacent endosseous implants in the esthetic zone. Subsequently, conventional (control) and curved abutments (experimental) were placed in combination with a temporary restoration (left–right randomization). Plaster models of the healed sites were made to assess the stability of the soft tissues at baseline and after 6 weeks. To measure deseating force, a dontrix gauge was used while removing the abutments after 6 weeks. Results Although visually, differences in the transmucosal area were observed, the differences in marginal recession and in deseating force between abutments from the experimental and the control group never reached a statistically significant level. In general, some gain in soft tissue height was seen in both groups. Angled abutments elicited recession at all buccal sites (P = 0.003–0.02). Conclusion Abutments with a circumferential groove do not lead to a different response of the mucosal margin compared with a regular abutment, and are no more resistant upon removal than regular abutments after 6 weeks of function.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the coronal marginal leakage of three temporary restorative materials used for root canal sealing after endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 single-rooted teeth were submitted to biomechanical preparation and filled by lateral condensation technique. After obturation process, the teeth were randomly separated into four groups, being two teeth of each group used as positive and negative control. Temporary sealing was performed as follows: GI - Clip F (VOCO); GII - Bioplic (Biodinβmica); GIII - Vitremer (3M ESPE) and GIV - Ketak N100 (3M ESPE). Next, the specimens were immersed into Indian ink for 30 and 60- days, being 10 specimens for each time interval and then submitted to diaphanization to verify the amount of coronal leakage using a measuring microscope. Results : Leakage mean values within the 30-day period were as follows: Vitremer (0.3 mm), Ketak N100 and Clip F (0.6 mm) and Bioplic (1.7 mm). Within the 60-day period, leakage means were 1.1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.2 mm and 2.6 mm, respectively. Conclusions: None of the materials was capable of preventing marginal leakage within the 30- and 60-day period. In both time intervals, Bioplic presented the highest mean of leakage and Vitremer the lowest.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate survival and peri-implant bone levels of single, immediately loaded post-extractive implants in the anterior maxilla 12 months after implant placement. Thirty-six consecutive patients from 3 study centers were included in the study. The concerned sites were upper premolars, canines, and incisors. For each patient the following data were recorded: reason for tooth extraction, bone quality, implant size, and final insertion torque. Implants were placed using a flapless technique and immediately loaded with a nonoccluding temporary restoration. Final restorations were provided 4 months later. Peri-implant bone resorption was evaluated radiographically after 6 and 12 months. The average final insertion torque was 70.55 Ncm. One implant inserted in D3 quality bone with a 35-Ncm seating torque was lost. All other implants had a final insertion torque ranging between 50 and 80 Ncm. The average peri-implant bone loss was 0.437 and 0.507 mm at 6 and 12 months, respectively. All the sites maintained excellent papillae and peri-implant soft-tissue conditions. The resulting 1-year success rate was 97.2%. Immediate nonfunctional loading of single post-extractive implants in the anterior maxilla is a predictable treatment. And it seems that achieving high insertion torques by placing self-tapping/self-condensing implants in an underprepared osteotomy is favorable.

Background: Reduction of alveolar height and width after tooth extraction may provide some problems in implant placement, especially in the anterior maxilla for esthetic reasons. Different graft materials have been advocated to prevent bone-volume reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographic parameters of implants positioned in grafted alveoli with three different biomaterials: magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA), calcium sulfate (CS), and heterologous porcine bone (PB). Methods: In 15 patients, 45 fresh extraction sockets with three bone walls were selected. Fifteen sockets received MHA, 15 sockets received CS, and 15 sockets received corticocancellous PB as a graft material. Three months after bone filling, titanium dental implants were placed in grafted sites. Three months after implant placement, temporary restoration was performed. Follow-up examinations were conducted, and intraoral digital radiographs were taken at baseline and 12 and 24 months after implant placement to evaluate the marginal bone level in each patient. Comparisons for marginal bone loss over time between groups were performed by the Student two-tailed t test. Results: At the 24-month follow-up, a survival rate of 100% was reported for all implants. For the MHA group, a mean mesial bone loss of -0.21 – 0.08 mm and a mean distal bone loss of -0.22 – 0.09 mm (mean bone loss: 0.21 – 0.09 mm) were reported; for the CS group, a mesial bone loss of -0.14 – 0.07 mm and a distal bone loss of -0.12 – 0.11 mm (mean bone loss: -0.13 – 0.09 mm) were measured; for the PB group, a mean mesial bone loss of -0.15 – 0.10 mm and a mean distal bone loss of -0.16 – 0.06 mm (mean bone loss: -0.16 – 0.08 mm) were reported. No statistically significant differences were reported among groups (P >0.05). Conclusion: At the 24-month follow-up, the present study showed that placement of implants in grafted sockets was not influenced by the three different biomaterials because they did not negatively impact the clinical outcome. J Periodontol 2009;80:1616-1621.

Purpose: This study investigated the microbial microleakage through temporary restorative materials (Coltosol, IRM, Vidrion R) after post space preparation. Methods: Forty-two maxillary anterior human teeth were prepared and obturated with guttapercha and Sealapex using the lateral condensation technique, with 4mm of apical obturation remaining. Calcium hydroxide paste was used to fill the post space preparation, and 4mm of the coronal portion was restored with the temporary filling materials. Six specimens were totally sealed (negative control) and six specimens were not filled (positive control). An in vitro microbial leakage test (MLT) with a split chamber (upper/lower chambers) was used. Microbial microleakage was observed daily for 90 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Coltosol, IRM, and Vidrion R allowed microbial microleakage after 19 to 89 days. Conclusion: All temporary fillings and intracanal dressings did not prevent the penetration of microorganisms to the root apex. Key words: Coronal leakage; bacterial leakage; temporary restorations; post; calcium hydroxide Objetivo: Este estudo investigou a infiltração microbiana em materiais restauradores provisórios (Coltosol, IRM, Vidrion R) após preparo para retentores intrarradiculares. Metodologia: Quarenta e dois dentes humanos anteriores superiores foram preparados e obturados com guta-percha e Sealapex utilizando a técnica da condensação lateral, mantendo 4mm de remanescente apical de obturação. Foi usada pasta de hidróxido de cálcio para preencher o espaço criado para os pinos, deixando um espaço de 4mm na cervical a ser preenchido pelos materiais testados. Seis espécimes foram totalmente impermeabilizados (controle negativo) e seis espécimes não foram obturados (controle positivo). Um teste de infiltração microbiana (MLT) com uma câmara dividida em duas partes foi usado neste ensaio. A infiltração microbiana foi verificada diariamente durante 90 dias. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Coltosol, IRM e Vidrion R permitiram infiltração microbiana após 19 a 89 dias. Conclusão: O material restaurador temporário e a medicação intracanal não preveniram a penetração de microrganismos até o ápice radicular. Palavras-chave: Infiltração coronária; infiltração bacteriana; restaurações temporárias; retentores; hidróxido de cálcio

Immediate loading is a surgical-prosthetic procedure extensively used in implant dentistry. Despite its frequent use, minimal data are available on the long-term clinical success rate of immediate functional loading (IFL) and immediate nonfunctional loading (INFL) of implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival and bone loss of immediate nonfunctional single implant restorations in a group of patients that were monitored for 5 years. One hundred and eleven patients (41.4% men) with a median age of 40 years were included in this study. A total of 111 implants were placed. All implants were placed with a minimum insertion torque of 25 Ncm. A temporary restoration was relined with acrylic resin, trimmed, polished, and cemented or screw-retained 1 to 2 hours later. Occlusal contact was avoided in centric and lateral excursions. After provisional crown delivery, a periapical radiograph was performed by means of a customized Rinn holder device. Data were analyzed by means of Kaplan-Meier and life-table algorithms. Stratification of implant survival was performed for the available variables of interest, and comparisons were analyzed using a log-rank test. Investigated parameters were time of implant placement, bone quality, implant site, implant diameter and length, and type of implant surface enhancement. The parameters for overall success rate were defined by bone resorption 4.5-mm diameter, P = .206); (3) implant lengths (survival rates of 96.97% for implants >13 mm and 94.87% for implants 1.5 mm after the first year of loading and >0.2 mm thereafter) was 97.2%. Immediate nonocclusal loading of single implants is a reliable surgical-prosthetic procedure with a low rate of implant loss and a low quantity of peri-implant bone loss over time.

Preservation of pulpal health is the primary prerequisite for successful application of laser systems in the hard tissue management of vital teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short and long-term pulpal effects to cavity preparations in healthy human teeth using carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. A total of seven, healthy, third molars that were scheduled to be removed due to space problems were used. After the laser drilling, the occlusal cavities were closed temporarily, and the teeth were extracted 7 days (n=5) and 3 months (n=2) after the operation. The specimens were fixed, decalcified, subdivided and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Seven days postoperatively all the five teeth that had been irradiated with the CO2 laser did not reveal any pathological changes in the pulpo-dentine complex. Three months postoperatively the two teeth that were prepared with the laser showed subtle but distinct apposition of tertiary dentine that was lined with intact odontoblasts. One of the specimens at 3 months revealed the presence of a mild, but very circumscribed, pulpal infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells subjacent to the cavity preparation. The latter is unlikely to be due to a direct effect of the laser irradiation but a possible consequence of microleakage of oral antigens and/or other tissue-irritating molecules through the temporary restoration and the remaining dentine thickness (RDT). Although these preliminary histological results suggest that the CO2 laser under investigation induced only minimal response of the dentine-pulp complex when used as a hard-tissue drilling tool, with specific energy settings, pulse duration within thermal relaxation time and emitting radiations at 9.6 microm of wavelength, larger clinical trials involving various types of teeth are necessary to reach definite conclusions for large-scale clinical application of the laser device.