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Guided by social cognitive theory and past empirical findings, the study's conceptual model posited that parent-child trust promotes positive youth mental health through the pathways of social self-efficacy and self-blame. Using longitudinal data from 129 children aged 10-14 who participated over three waves of data collection in fall 2019, spring 2020, and spring 2021, this study extends current knowledge by examining potential mediators of the relationship between child-reported parent-child trust and youth mental health. Significant indirect pathways indicated that social self-efficacy fully mediated the association between perceived parent-child trust and youth mental health, and self-blame did not. Results of the study aligned with the social cognitive theory perspective that youth outcomes can be influenced by the acquisition of social skills through observational learning of healthy models, such as parents. Findings suggest that a tiered intervention model that utilizes social emotional learning and parent-based prevention could improve adolescent mental health.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), chronic disorders characterized by either abdominal pain, altered intestinal motility, or their combination, have a worldwide prevalence of more than 40% and impose a high socioeconomic burden with a significant decline in quality of life. Recently, FGIDs have been reclassified as disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), reflecting the key role of the gut-brain bidirectional communication in these disorders and their impact on psychological comorbidities. Although, during the past decades, the field of DGBIs has advanced significantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying DGBIs pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and the role of the gut microbiome in these processes are not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the latest body of literature on the complex microbiota-gut-brain interactions and their implications in the pathogenesis of DGBIs. A better understanding of the existing communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the brain holds promise in developing effective therapeutic interventions for DGBIs.

A new analytical solution for the biharmonic equation was developed for single screw extrusion cross-channel fluid mechanical flow. This analysis led to a quantitative model for residence time distribution when combined with the historic solutions of the drag and pressure flow in the rectangular channel in the single-screw extruder. The focus of the theoretical and experimental investigation here was to examine how closely the new analytical solution correlated with experimental residence time data for a free-helix extruder. This new extrusion device was operated as both a conventional extruder and a more positive displacement device by using only helix rotation as the pump. The Moffatt eddies that occur in the quiescent corners of the rectangular channel with screw rotation were found to have a strong effect on the residence time of the extruder. Because there were no quiescent corners for the free-helix flow there was essentially no residence time tail for this mode of extruder displacement. The theoretical results for a sheet of dye spanning the screw channel width and dye 'blobs' were compared with experimental results for both modes of operation. In all cases, the experiments and the theory predictions were essentially consistent. KEYWORDS biharmonic based theory, experimental data, residence time distribution, single screw extrusion, 1 | INTRODUCTION Single-screw plasticating extruders convert a feedstock of plastic pellets into a molten polymer at high enough pressure to form useful shapes of the polymer by extruding it [...]

Abstract Purpose The European Society for Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) identified the need to develop a competency-based core curriculum for ESSKA specialists, against which all their educational activities, resources and priorities for development could be mapped. The aim of this study was to take a research-based approach to developing a competency-based core curriculum for ESSKA specialists. Methods A Core Curriculum Working Group, with experts representing the ESSKA Board, Sections and Committees, reviewed existing curricula and literature in their own specialist areas and developed a draft list of 285 core competencies for ESSKA specialists. All ESSKA members were asked to comment and rate the importance of these competencies, and the Working Group used these results to refine the curriculum. Results Four hundred-forty responses to the online survey contained meaningful data. Almost all were ESSKA members, with broad representation of the countries, ages and backgrounds of the membership. All 285 core competencies were considered at least ‘Important’ for ESSKA specialists so are retained in the final curriculum, and no new competencies were added. 82 (29%) were considered ‘Essential’, constituting between 19% and 37% of the competencies within each specialist area. 96 (33.5%) were considered ‘Very Important’, and 107 (37.5%) ‘Important’. Conclusions A competency-based core curriculum for ESSKA specialists was achieved through a systematic and scholarly approach, involving both expert opinion and engagement of the wider ESSKA membership. The core curriculum addresses the identified need in terms of educational development for ESSKA and should also be of interest to the wider orthopaedic and sports medicine communities.

The article offers information on the United States' asylum-seeking process and the support provided by Casa de Paz to those released from detention. Topics include the lengthy and challenging process asylum seekers face after arriving in the U.S; the lack of resources provided upon their release; and the mission and efforts of Casa de Paz to assist these individuals.

The article focuses on the mental health challenges faced by photojournalists due to their close exposure to trauma, highlighting the lack of comprehensive support resources in the industry and the historical stigma surrounding seeking mental health assistance. It discusses the potential therapeutic benefits of adopting personal narrative frameworks in photography, citing examples of renowned photojournalists like Tim Hetherington, Nancy Borowick, and Tara Wray.

The article highlights a community collaborative community portrait archive created in the aftermath of the mass shooting at the King Soopers in Boulder, Colorado in 2021. It describes the project's methodology which aimed to establish the idea of an archive with a journalistic approach and partnership with the Boulder Strong Resource Center. It outlines factors and motivations behind the project that include avoidance of parachute journalism, collective memory and assist with healing.

The Minneapolis Public Schools have found that certain improvement strategies make a difference: early intervention, near-perfect attendance, smaller classrooms, quality instruction, expectations of excellence, good health, consistency, increased instructional time, community support, multiple measures, aligned curricula, accountability, progressive union leadership, and goals, feedback, and teamwork. (MLH)

Iron-core electromagnets are widely used as applied-field switches in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pumps. It was recently reported that the critical current ( I c ) of the HTS wire is suppressed by up to 45% in the air gap of the iron core. Here, it is reported that the self-field I c of a single tape (unifilar) is suppressed from 357 A to 195 A while in the air gap of an iron core, agreeing closely with the previous study. This is extended by showing that the I c response to a perpendicular magnetic field is asymmetric, with a peak I c of 249 A found to be at 0.16 T of applied magnetic field. This effect can be eliminated using an anti-parallel current configuration (bifilar), which is shown experimentally to recover close to the no-core self-field I c of 357 A with no observed asymmetry. The results of both types of switch configurations are closely replicated in finite-element modelling using COMSOL Multiphysics®. This is caused by the asymmetric interaction between the self-induced magnetic field of the HTS switch element and the magnetic circuit of the iron-core electromagnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]