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BackgroundIncreased access to the internet has facilitated widespread availability of health information. Thus, electronic health (eHealth) literacy—the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic resources and apply that knowledge in making a health-related decision—is a crucial skill. Despite the increasing use of the internet as a source of health information in developing countries, only a few studies have examined the eHealth literacy of young adults, who frequently use the internet to access health information in these developing countries. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the patterns of internet use and eHealth literacy levels among university students pursuing a non–health-related degree in Pakistan. We also examined the association of the eHealth literacy levels of these young adults with their physical activity levels and dietary supplement intake. MethodsStudents from 2 leading engineering universities in Pakistan were invited to participate in a cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey in order to collect data on their internet use, eHealth literacy, and dietary supplement intake. Of the 900 eligible university students who were invited to participate, 505 (56.1%) students who completed the questionnaire were included in the analysis. The findings were converted to median values and frequency analyses were performed. The associations between the variables were determined using the chi-square test; P≤.05 was considered significant. ResultsIn this study, the median eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) score was 29, which did not vary across gender. The most common type of health-related information that was searched by the participants was that related to maintaining a healthy lifestyle (305/505, 60.4%). Participants with high eHEALS scores were those who used the internet frequently for finding people with similar health issues (P

Phubbing is a behaviour that can be defined as the act of ignoring interlocutors in a social interaction while using a mobile phone (Chotpitayasunondh & Douglas, 2016). This paper provides a thorough examination of the existing literature, specifically addressing the antecedents and outcomes of phubbing behavior. The current study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the literature review in relation to phubbing behaviour, specifically in the workplace. A thorough examination was carried out on 63 articles from the SSCI database, encompassing the years 2013 to 2024. The results of the comprehensive literature review suggest that there are two different dimensions of a phubbing behavior along with the two categories i.e., antecedents and outcomes. This paper, which draws on a review of research spanning a decade, adds to our knowledge of phubbing behavior in the workplace and stresses the need to address this issue for the sake of interpersonal relationship along with organizational effectiveness and employee performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the impact of autocratic and despotic leadership styles on employees' deviant behavior, with the moderating effect of perceived organizational justice. In the realm of research, there exists significant concern regarding the influence of despotic and autocratic leadership styles on employees' deviant behavior, particularly within serviceoriented industries such as banking and educational institutions. Therefore, this study helps to understand how these leadership styles may affect deviant behavior among employees. This study used a quantitative survey-based research methodology, Data was collected from 356 employees of different banks and universities in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore. The findings show a positive and significant effects of autocratic and despotic leadership styles on employees' deviant behavior. Results also indicate that the relationship between autocratic leadership and employees' deviant behavior is moderated by perceived organizational justice. Future researchers should explore different industries, use multisource data, and different mediators in the relationship between negative leadership styles and deviant behavior for a diversified sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of young adults are using social media platforms in collectivist family cultures like Pakistan, but little is known about how social media use is associated with family connectedness in this population. This study is aimed (a) at examining the social media usage patterns in Pakistani young adults and how they use it to connect with their parents and (b) at exploring the possible association between social media use and perceived family connectedness and parental monitoring. Data came from an online survey conducted among young adults in Pakistan. Patterns of use across various popular social media platforms were recorded. Additionally, family connectedness and parental monitoring were measured. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between social media used to connect with parents and family connectedness and parental monitoring. A total of 421 participants responded to the survey. All participants regularly used at least two popular social media platforms. WhatsApp was the most used platform irrespective of gender or age, with about 91% of the participants reporting daily usage. Overall, 63% of participants connected with their parents using social media. This varied significantly among male and female participants with 69% of female participants connecting with their parents on social media compared to 59% of males. Connecting with parents on both Facebook and Instagram was highly associated with participants' perception of parental monitoring before and after adjusting for age and gender. The study highlights that while family connectedness in collectivist societies like Pakistan is not associated with social media usage, adult children perceive parents monitoring their social media activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can enhance the safety and quality of patient care, but their benefits are often hampered by low acceptance and use by clinicians in practice. Existing research has explored clinicians' experiences with CDSS in a static nature, with limited consideration of how user needs may change over time. This review aimed to identify the methods used to capture clinicians' acceptance and use of CDSS in hospital settings at different time points following implementation and highlight gaps to inform future work. Seventy-six studies met inclusion criteria. Qualitative methods were rarely used during the early implementation phases, particularly in the first 2 months following implementation. Further work is needed to understand clinicians' experiences immediately following implementation of CDSS and how these insights can be used to support use over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Difficult airway is a well-known entity and a long list of predicting scores is present, yet a high degree of diagnostic accuracy still needs to be improved. Acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index (AASI) has shown some excellent results in recent times. Objective: Its objective is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index for predicting difficult airways and to take the Cormack and Lehane grading system as the gold standard. Methodology: In this study, adults of both genders aged 20 to 70 years undergoing any surgery under general anaesthesia having ASA class I to IV were included. AASI score of equal or less than 0.49 was taken as a difficult airway while on Cormack and Lehane grade; it was labelled as yes where grade III or IV was seen. Results: The total number of cases was 350 cases, out of which 218 (62.29%) were males, and 132 (37.71%) were females. The mean age was 40.20±12.86 years, and the mean BMI was 24.71±3.13 (table 17). There were 294 (84%) cases in ASA Class I and II and 56 (14%) in Class III and IV. Difficult intubation on AASI was seen in 54 (15.43%) and 57 (16.29%) cases on Cormack and Lehane grading. The diagnostic accuracy of AASI for prediction of difficult intubating a difficult was 96.29% with a sensitivity of 90.74%, specificity of 97.30%, PPV of 85.96%, NPV of 98.29% with p= 0.001. This difference was also statistically significant with all the confounding variables like age, gender, ASA class, and BMI. Conclusion: The acromioaxillosuprasternal notch index is a significant predictor for tubing a difficult airway and taking Cormack and Lehane's grading as the gold standard. This difference is considerably better regarding age, gender, BMI, and ASA class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particular aim of this research was to examine the organizational structure as an antecedent of firms' performance relative to other competitors. In doing so, human resource related factors that may connect the performance and well-being output to organizational structure are also studied as mediators through survey research strategy. This study followed the quantitative survey based research strategy with multi-stage sampling technique. 344 Middle level managers serving currently in different export processing zones' firms of Pakistan constituted the sample of the study survey from these managers in three time lags. For this explanatory research, the current study assessed the serial mediation regression analysis was done by Hayes (2017) process model. Based on survey of employees working in the firms at export processing zones firms, this research confirms that the firms that have organic organizational structure along with better high performance human resource practices would yield more well-being for employees and better organizational performance in Pakistani context. In addition, the current study represents various future recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Sustainable investment in computerized decision support systems (CDSS) requires robust evaluation of their economic impacts compared with current clinical workflows. We reviewed current approaches used to evaluate the costs and consequences of CDSS in hospital settings and presented recommendations to improve the generalizability of future evaluations. Materials and Methods A scoping review of peer-reviewed research articles published since 2010. Searches were completed in the PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases (last searched February 14, 2023). All studies reported the costs and consequences of a CDSS-based intervention compared with current hospital workflows. Findings were summarized using narrative synthesis. Individual studies were further appraised against the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation and Reporting (CHEERS) 2022 checklist. Results Twenty-nine studies published since 2010 were included. Studies evaluated CDSS for adverse event surveillance (5 studies), antimicrobial stewardship (4 studies), blood product management (8 studies), laboratory testing (7 studies), and medication safety (5 studies). All studies evaluated costs from a hospital perspective but varied based on the valuation of resources affected by CDSS implementation, and the measurement of consequences. We recommend future studies follow guidance from the CHEERS checklist; use study designs that adjust for confounders; consider both the costs of CDSS implementation and adherence; evaluate consequences that are directly or indirectly affected by CDSS-initiated behavior change; examine the impacts of uncertainty and differences in outcomes across patient subgroups. Discussion and Conclusion Improving consistency in the conduct and reporting of evaluations will enable detailed comparisons between promising initiatives, and their subsequent uptake by decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involving clinician users in the design and development of Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems is touted to improve the fit between system and user needs. However, the impact of clinician involvement on CDS acceptance and use in practice has not been systematically studied. This review aimed to identify the approaches taken to involve clinicians in CDS development and understand the impact of these approaches on barriers and facilitators to acceptance and use in hospital settings over time. Twenty-three studies met full inclusion criteria. Clinician involvement was rarely described in depth and no comparative studies were identified. Despite frequently reporting perceived ease of use, included studies still reported barriers to acceptance and use shortly after CDS implementation and years later. Future studies should report clinician involvement in adequate detail to enable understanding of its impact on CDS acceptance and use over time. Additional recommendations for future research, including conducting comparative studies and maintaining clinician involvement beyond implementation, are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To conduct a systematic synthesis of existing evidence reviews on interventions to enhance medication safety in residential aged‐care settings (RACS) to establish and compare their effectiveness. Method: This umbrella review included examination of meta‐analyses, scoping and systematic reviews. Four electronic databases were examined for eligible reviews. Two authors critically appraised those meeting the inclusion criteria using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument. Results: Fifteen reviews covering 171 unique, primary studies were included. Of the variety of interventions identified in the literature, five main categories of interventions were commonly reported to be effective in promoting medication safety in RACS (medication review, staff education, multidisciplinary team meetings, computerised clinical decision support systems and miscellaneous). Most reviews showed mixed evidence to support intervention effectiveness due to the significant heterogeneity between studies in their sites, sample sizes and intervention periods. In all intervention categories, pharmacists' collaboration was most beneficial, showing definitive evidence for improving medication safety and quality of prescribing in RACS. Eight reviews recommended multicomponent interventions, particularly medication reviews and staff education, but specific details were infrequently provided. Only five reviews presented insights into implementation facilitators and barriers, while the sustainability of interventions was only discussed in one review. Conclusion: There is strong evidence to support the four main categories of interventions identified. However, limited details are available regarding the most appropriate design and implementation of multicomponent interventions and the sustainability of all interventions, thus solid recommendations cannot be made. Future research in this field should focus on producing theoretically informed, methodologically robust, original research, particularly regarding the design, implementation and sustainability of multicomponent interventions, which appears the most promising approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the ubiquitous use of social media platforms by people of all ages, there is limited synthesis of evidence on their effect on family connectedness. This systematic review assesses the quantitative evidence around relationship between social media use and family connectedness. We searched articles published between January 2010 and April 2020. Nine of the 14 included studies examined the effect of social media on parent-child communication, while the rest explored the effect on broader family relationships. Overall evidence is mixed, highlighting some aspects of social media use that may strengthen family connectedness, while others that may negatively impact meaningful interactions within families. This review illustrates the complex nature of this research domain with limited consensus on how to measure family connectedness in context of social media use. We discuss the limitations of the studies and the greater need for high-quality research in the fast-paced world of social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amalgam has been the gold standard for restorations in posterior teeth. Mercury, a major component of dental amalgam, is considered an environmental pollutant. The Minamata Convention on mercury recomends a reduction in the use of mercury-containing products. Since Pakistan is a signatory to the Convention, the same amalgam phase-out limitations are implemented in Pakistan. Aims: To identify and assess the use of amalgam and its waste management by dentists in Pakistan post-Minamata Convention guidelines. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore among 520 general dental practitioners in 2019. Results: The sample size for the study was calculated as 500; the questionnaire was distributed among 550 dentists. Dental amalgam was used by only 41.6% of the dentists in their practice; 55.0% perceived it to be a health risk. Most of the dentists (76.3%) were unaware of the proper disposal protocols for dental amalgam and 76.5% were unaware of any guidelines regarding amalgam use and disposal. Conclusion: Although there is a gap in knowledge among the dentists regarding amalgam disposal, dentists in Pakistan are reducing their use of dental amalgam in accordance with the guidelines of the Minamata Convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research work focuses on the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on drought-sensitive wheat variety (Faisalabad-2008) under two experimental conditions (normal irrigation and drought conditions). ZnONPs were prepared by utilizing water extract of black pepper. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). To screen the optimum concentration of ZnONPs, a range of doses (10-2000 mg L-1) was applied to wheat seeds. Results indicated that ZnONPs (250 mg L-1) improved germination. This concentration was selected for further studies with two control treatments i.e., negative control (water) and positive control (ZnSO4 salt 250 mg L-1). ZnONPs treatment (250 mg L-1) improved germination (26.82%), shoot length (7.4%), root length (36%), fresh weight (28.6%), and dry weight (26.6%). Treatment of wheat plants with ZnONPs during drought stress increased germination percentage, root length, fresh & dry weight by 53.33, 40, 50, and 28.6 % respectively. Moreover, studies showed that chlorophyll, carotenoids and phenolic content were also increased by ZnONPs treatment by 57.4, 77.27, and 25% respectively as compared to control. Malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in nanoparticles treated plants as compared to Zn salt-treated plants. Zn content of seeds was also significantly higher for ZnONPs treated plants. It suggests the potential of ZnONPs designed by the green method as a nano fertilizer in ameliorating drought stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five acceptor-donor-acceptor molecules having different core units with 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end capped terminal acceptor unit were designed. The ground state geometries and electronic properties were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The absorption spectra were computed by using time dependent DFT at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The designed molecules have broad absorption range in visible region. M3 shows relatively lower band gap so that having high light harvesting efficiency (LHE). The molecules consider as better hole blocking materials in term of high ionization potentials. The reorganization energies calculation of M1, M2 and M4 manifests that these molecules are the optimal candidate for electron transportation. High value of Voc has been observed for molecules which would favorably contribute in power conversion efficiency. M1, M2, M4 and M5 are more stable in terms of absolute hardness and electrostatic potential surfaces. All molecules show good opto-electronic properties in the aspect of their use in photovoltaic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Medication incident reporting (MIR) is a key safety critical care process in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Retrospective studies of medication incident reports in aged care have identified the inability of existing MIR processes to generate information that can be used to enhance residents’ safety. However, there is little existing research that investigates the limitations of the existing information exchange process that underpins MIR, despite the considerable resources that RACFs’ devote to the MIR process. The aim of this study was to undertake an in-depth exploration of the information exchange process involved in MIR and identify factors that inhibit the collection of meaningful information in RACFs. Methods The study was undertaken in three RACFs (part of a large non-profit organisation) in NSW, Australia. A total of 23 semi-structured interviews and 62 hours of observation sessions were conducted between May to July 2011. The qualitative data was iteratively analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results The findings highlight significant gaps in the design of the MIR artefacts as well as information exchange issues in MIR process execution. Study results emphasized the need to: a) design MIR artefacts that facilitate identification of the root causes of medication incidents, b) integrate the MIR process within existing information systems to overcome key gaps in information exchange execution, and c) support exchange of information that can facilitate a multi-disciplinary approach to medication incident management in RACFs. Conclusions This study highlights the advantages of viewing MIR process holistically rather than as segregated tasks, as a means to identify gaps in information exchange that need to be addressed in practice to improve safety critical processes.

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to investigate the potential benefits of online health communities (OHCs) for informal caregivers by conducting a systematic literature review. Secondly, to identify the relationship between the potential benefits of OHCs and resilience factors of older adults. Performing a thematic analysis, we identified the potential benefits of OHCs for informal caregivers of older adults, including two salient themes: (a) caregivers sharing and receiving social support and (b) self and moral empowerment of caregivers. Then, we uncovered how these potential benefits can support resilience of older adults. Our findings show that sharing and receiving of social support by informal caregivers, and self and moral empowerment of informal caregivers in OHCs, can support four resilience factors among older adults, including self‐care, independence, altruism and external connections. This review enables a better understanding of OHCs and Gerontology, and our outcomes also challenge the way healthcare and aged‐care service providers view caregivers and older adults. Furthermore, the identified gap and opportunities would provide avenues for further research in OHCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of nanoparticles in the field of agriculture can increase crop production. It can also decrease mineral loss and can lessen the fertilizer use. The present study deals with synthesis (green) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from ZnSO 4 solution and seed extract of black seeds (Nigella sativa L.) that acted as reducing agent. To characterize the newly formed nanoparticles UV–visible spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used. Seven concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 µg/L) of ZnO-NPs were given to the seeds of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italic) with ZnSO 4 salt solution treatment as control. Results of the particle size analyzer and SEM showed the spherical nanoparticles with particle size of 24 nm. The application of ZnO-NPs to the Broccoli resulted an enhancement of 37.5% in seed germination, 56.6% in root length, 16.6% in shoot length, 41% in weight of seedlings, 11.5% in number of leaves, 17.1% in plant height, 24.4% in leaf area. Chlorophyll, phenolic, proline and sugar content were also observed to be increased by 50%, 67.4%, 14.6% and 36.2% respectively as compared to the distilled water treatment without any nanoparticle. Whereas results also proved higher efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles for enhancing crop growth as compared to the macro size ZnSO 4 salt solution. From the results, it was concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticles can be a useful nano-supplement to improve the production of B. oleracea var italica. It is first time report for use of green synthesized ZnO-NPs as nanofertilizers for B. oleracea var italic crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a systematic synthesis of the literature evaluating the use of the Internet and social media by people with bladder cancer (BCa) and their carers, and to synthesize the evidence on the quality of available online resources for patients with BCa. Methods: We selected studies published between January 2000 and September 2018, written in the English language and meeting the inclusion criteria. Data sources included PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. Results: A total of 15 studies were included in the review. Four studies explored patterns of Internet use among patients with BCa, five studies investigated social media use related to BCa and six studies evaluated the quality of online resources available for patients with BCa. Evidence in all these three dimensions was limited in its ability to establish rigorously if use of the Internet, social media and online resources for BCa is effective in improving the care outcomes for patients with BCa. Conclusion: Our review emphasizes the forgotten status of BCa by establishing that, despite its high global incidence, it remains underrepresented in the building of evidence on patient information needs and the possible role of online spaces. Our synthesis establishes that further research is needed to examine the full impact of online information and social media use on the health management of people with BCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closed‐loop electronic medication management systems (EMMS) are recognised as an effective intervention to improve medication safety, yet evidence of their effectiveness in hospitals is limited. Few studies have compared medication turnaround time for a closed‐loop electronic versus paper‐based medication management environment. Objective: To compare medication turnaround times in a paper‐based hospital environment with a digital hospital equipped with a closed‐loop EMMS, consisting of computerised physician order entry, profiled automated dispensing cabinets packaged with unit dose medications and barcode medication administration. Method: Data were collected during 2 weeks at three private hospital sites (one with closed‐loop EMMS) within the same organisation network in Queensland, Australia. Time between scheduled and actual administration times was analysed for first dose of time‐critical and non‐critical medications located on the ward or sourced via pharmacy. Key findings: Medication turnaround times at the EMMS site were less compared to the paper‐based sites (median, IQR: 35 min, 8–57 min versus 120 min, 30–180 min, P < 0.001). For time‐critical medications, 77% were administered within 60 min of scheduled time at the EMMS site versus 38% for the paper‐based sites. Similar difference was observed for non‐critical medications, 80% were administered within 60 min of their scheduled time at the EMMS site versus 41% at the paper‐based facilities. Conclusion: The study indicates medication turnaround times utilising a closed‐loop EMMS are less compared to paper‐based systems. This improvement may be attributable to increased accessibility of medications using automated dispensing cabinets and electronic medication administration records flagging tasks to nurses in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]