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1. Perceived paternal emotional fertility intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among a cohort of pregnant women: Community based longitudinal survey; A secondary data analysis of the 2019/20 baseline survey.

Author: Solomon Abrha Damtew, Mahari Yihdego Gidey, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Fitsum Tariku Fantaye, Kelemua Mengesha Sene, Bezawork Ayele Kassa, Hailay Gebremichael Gebrekidan, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Seifu Yenneda Berhe, Gelane Duguma Edosa, Temesgen Bati Gelgelu, Wakgari Binu Daga, Dereje Haile, Tesfamichael Awoke Sisay, Ayanaw Amogne, Tariku Dejene Demissie, Assefa Seme, and Solomon Shiferaw
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundPerceived paternal emotional fertility intentions were measured by asking pregnant women how their husbands felt when they have learnt about the index pregnancy. Paternal emotion during pregnancy and childbirth is imperative for better maternal and newborn health outcomes, though policy and strategic framework has been lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions of their husbands and/or their male partners and examine its correlates among a panel of pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsNationally representative data from cohort one baseline cross-sectional survey were used. A total of 2,115 pregnant women from a total of 217 enumeration areas were included in this further analysis. Frequencies were computed to describe pregnant women. Multinomial logistics regression statistical modeling was fitted to identify correlates of perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions. Results were presented in the form of percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of 0.05.ResultThe proportion of perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions of being a sort of happy and very happy were found to be (35.40%; 95%CI: 33.00%, 37.87%) and (49.03%; 95%CI: 46.48%, 51.6%) respectively. The likelihood of perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions of being very happy was (AOR: 95%CI: 5.06: (1.73, 14.85) and (AOR: 95%CI: 2.65: (1.67, 4.20) times higher among older pregnant women and those who intended having another child respectively. On the contrary, those with higher birth order, who wanted no more another child, those living as a partner and; those residing in Addis Ababa and SNNPR had (AOR: 95%CI: 0.25: (0.15, 0.40), AOR: 95%CI: 0.14: (0.07, 0.27); (AOR: 95%CI: 0.54: (0.33, 0.90), (AOR: 95%CI: 0.34: (0.17, 0.67), (AOR: 95%CI: 0.27: (0.14, 0.53) and AOR: 95%CI: 0.25: (0.15, 0.40) times lower likelihood of perceived paternal emotional fertility intention of being very happy about the index pregnancy respectively. The likelihood of perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions of being a sort of happy was found to be (AOR: 95%CI: 1.93 (1.21, 3.10) times higher among those wanting to have another child. This likelihood was found to be (AOR: 95%CI: 0.62 (0.43, 0.89), (AOR: 95%CI: 0.43 (0.22, 0.85) and (AOR: 96%CI: 0.45 (0.28, 0.74) times lower among those whose desired place of delivery was health facility, with higher birth order and residents of Oromiya region respectively.ConclusionHalf of the pregnant women perceived that their husband felt very happy with calls up on a region specific age sensitive interventions in improving couples communication, and discussion on the spacing and timing of pregnancies as well as to work on improving childbirth preparedness and complication readiness. The ministry and relevant partners need to work strategically on male's involvement in fertility desire along with emotional care and support. Women with future fertility intention, lower birth orders and those who have not legally married need to be targeted. Installing inter pregnancy preconception care package; improving counseling and provision of postpartum contraceptives; increasing men fertility knowledge and their emotional readiness; and lifestyle adjustment before pregnancy to improve psycho-social health during the perinatal period and paternal emotional fertility intentions are imperative.
Published: 2025
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2. Self-medication practices in Ethiopia: An umbrella review protocol.

Author: Getahun Fetensa, Eshetu Ejeta, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Feyiso Bati, Edosa Amante, Jaleta Bulti, Saro Abdella, Yosef Gebreyohannes, Sabit Ababor, Abera Botore, Dabesa Gobena, Mirkuzie Woldie, Minyahil Tadesse Boltena, Tadesse Tolossa, Tafese Dejene, Zewdie Birhanu, and Moranker Sudakar
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundSelf-medication is the practice of obtaining and using drugs without proper guidance or supervision. It can involve various behaviours that may harm individuals and society. Self-medication can cause serious health and economic problems for countries and healthcare systems. Therefore, current review aimed at examining self-medication practices in Ethiopia.MethodsThis umbrella review will consider all systematic reviews that include self-medication practices of adult age greater than 18 years in Ethiopia. Study protocols, papers other than systematic reviews, papers not reporting on self-medication practices, and papers published in languages other than English will be excluded from the review. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched. Two reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria. Data extraction will be performed by 2 independent reviewers on the reviews selected for inclusion. The characteristics of studies like author name, year published, databases searched, number of studies/patients included, and self-medication practices will be extracted. The quality of included studies will be reported using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses. A summary of the extracted data will be presented in tabular format and a narrative synthesis will be performed on the collected systematic reviews that meet the inclusion criteria.DiscussionThis protocol is expected to bring pooled evidence on self-medication practice among different population groups like pregnant mothers, adult population, students, and general population. Evidence from this review will be used to tackle current global problem related with anti-microbial resistance. Therefore, our review will call for government and non-government interventions in reducing current challenge of global issue related with anti-microbial resistance in resource limited country like Ethiopia.Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO CRD42023182552.
Published: 2025
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3. Emotional Fertility Intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among married contraceptive user women: using linked community and health facility data from performance monitoring for action; a generalized ordered logistics regression modeling

Author: Solomon Abrha Damtew, Mahari Yihdego Gidey, Fitsum Tariku Fantaye, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Bezawork Ayele Kassa, Hailay Gebremichael Gebrekidan, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Aynaw Amogne, Kelemua Mengesha Sene, and Tariku Dejene Demissie
Subjects: Women health, Emotional fertility intentions, PMA Ethiopia, Linked data, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Emotional fertility intention and couples communication are key during pregnancy and childbirth with simultaneous minimization of reproductive coercion. Intention to conceive is an integral part of the reproductive health (RH) right and can be considered as decision making on fertility, family wellbeing and the country’s population demographic dividend and composition. However, in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia where males dominance is culturally constructed and socially accepted, males took the lead in every decision making process. In the aforementioned context, women are less likely for their voices to be heard, hence, this study aimed at determining the level of womens´ emotional fertility readiness and its correlates. The finding provided actionable evidence for the ministry and developmental partners working on reproductive and womens´ health so as to be used as an action point to empower women in terms of their reproductive health right to have control over their fertility. Methods Linked community and facility data with nationally representation from Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA Ethiopia) 2020 Survey Ethiopia except Tigray Region were used for this study. A total of 2,069 current and/or recent contraceptive user women of child bearing age who are currently married/living together as a partner were included in this analysis. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics. Generalized Ordered logistics regression modeling was employed to identify correlates of the hierarchical variation in women fertility intention if they became pregnant. Results were presented in the form of percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05. Results The proportion of womens´ emotional fertility intention of feeling unhappiness was 48.73% (95%CI: 46.21%, 51.23%). On the contrary, 22.88%, 11.36% and 17.03% of them reported that they felt sort of happy, very happy and mixed feeling. An increase in age,10 and above years marriage duration, the type of decision maker for contraceptive use were found to increase the odds of women emotional fertility intention across the higher level categories by (AOR: 95% CI: 6.75 (3.11, 14.62) times higher among elder women aged 35 to 49 years, (AOR: 95% CI: 3.79 (1.72, 8.31) times higher for women with a 10 or more years of marriage duration; and 1.83 (1.03,3.24) times higher for women whose contraceptive use was decided by the health care provide alone. A higher birth order lowered the cumulative odds of womens´ emotional fertility intention symmetrically across the higher level categories by 86% (AOR: 95% CI: 0.14 (0.07, 0.29). Women who wanted to have additional child and whose nearest facility provided 5 or more methods had an increased odds of being in the higher level categories of women emotional fertility intention with disproportional association across the cumulative logit. Accordingly, women whose nearest health facility provided 5 or more methods had an 49% (AOR: 95%CI:1.49 (1.01, 2.19) increased likelihood of being in the mixed or happy category than being very/sort of unhappy category of the emotional fertility intention while the number of methods had no significant association with emotional fertility intention at higher cumulative logit: 1.34 (0.87,2.10). Those who wanted to have an additional child had a 3.16 (2.28, 4.36) higher odds to be in the mixed or happy category than being in unhappy category. Further, this tendency was even stronger at higher categories of emotional fertility intention: 4.83 (3.23, 7.23). Conclusion Nearly one in two women reported being unhappy while 17.03% felt mixed emotion calling up on intended and spaced pregnancies by ensuring women reproductive and economic empowerment to empower women to have control over their fertility. Activities and efforts that promote intended and spaced pregnancies; and diversifying access to contraceptive methods in the nearest health facilities are likely to improve women emotional fertility intention; and activities that enable women to decide their contraceptive as well. The finding that health care provider decides on women current/recent contraceptive use calls for activities to improve quality of contraceptive use counseling to enable women to decide their contraceptive use by the themselves while the access of diversified methods in the nearby health facility create an opportunity for women to obtain the method they preferred to use and make them emotionally well. These activities are hoped to enable women to plan their fertility thereby increasing their emotional well-being. These activities and interventions need to be tailored across regions and need to be age sensitive.
Published: 2024
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4. Postpartum family planning uptake and its associated factors among postpartum women in Asosa zone, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Author: Rut Oljira, Temesgen Tilahun, Gashaw Tiruneh, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Motuma Getachew, Assefa Seme, Ayantu Getahun, Lemane Dereje, Alemnesh Mosisa, and Ebisa Turi
Subjects: Postpartum family planning, Asosa Zone, Benishangul Gumuz, Associated factors, PPFP uptake, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Abstract Background The first twelve months after a woman has given birth is crucial for the use of contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancy. Most women, especially in developing countries, do not realize that they are at risk for pregnancy during this period. Due to this, contraceptive use by women is ignored at this time. Objective This study assessed the associated factors of postpartum family planning (PPFP) service uptake in the Asosa zone. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 postpartum women in the Asosa zone. An interviewer-administered, structured, and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and cleaning were done using Epi Info version 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with postpartum family planning uptake. Results The majority of the study participants, 384 (97.2%), had heard about at least one method of family planning. Nearly two-thirds of the study participants (64.1%) had resumed sexual intercourse. Only 53.5% of the participants started using PPFP. Injectable forms (54.7%) and implants (26.4%) were the most commonly used methods. More than one-fourth (27.4%) did not use their preferred methods. Family planning use before index pregnancy (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.65, 8.82), previous use of PPFP (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.33, 4.38)] and health facility delivery (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.46, 5.49)] were significantly associated with uptake of postpartum family planning. Conclusion and recommendation : Postpartum family planning uptake in the study area was low. Uptake of PPFP was correlated with prior family planning usage and delivery at a healthcare facility. Given these factors, we recommend all study area stakeholders to promote family planning use among women of reproductive age and to encourage deliveries at healthcare facilities. Designing a method to reach women who give birth at home for a variety of reasons is also advisable. Unavailability of different forms of FP also made the participants not use the preferred option. Therefore, we recommend the stakeholders in the study area to avail variety of FP methods.
Published: 2023
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5. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cost of chronic diseases treatment and care at public hospitals in Wallaga zones, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: a hospital-based, cross-sectional study

Author: Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Belachew Etana Tolessa, Dufera Rikitu Terefa, Edosa Tesfaye, Adisu Ewunetu Desisa, Wolkite Olani, Getahun Fetensa, Melese Chego, Eba Abdisa, Ebisa Turi, Motuma Getachew, Lensa Tesfaye, and Temesgen Tilahun
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Objective Globally, around one-third of the population has at least one long-term health condition that could be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the fact that studies have revealed the direct impact of COVID-19 on healthcare provision and utilisation, the impact of the pandemic on the cost of chronic disease treatment and care from a patient perspective was scanty. So, the study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cost of chronic diseases treatment and care at public hospitals in Wallaga zones, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, from 1 August to 31 August 2020.Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used, and the sample size for the study (n=642) was determined using a single population mean formula. Data were collected using interviews and analysed using SPSS V.25. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the cost of follow-up care before and after the pandemic was compared using a related-samples Wilcoxon signed-rank test, declaring the level of significance of the median cost difference at p
Published: 2023
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6. Barriers and determinants of postpartum family planning uptake among postpartum women in Western Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Author: Temesgen Tilahun, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Motuma Getachew, Rut Oljira, and Assefa Seme
Subjects: Post-partum, Family planning, Barriers, Western Ethiopia, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Despite Ethiopia’s efforts to avail postpartum family planning (PPFP) services, the unmet need for family planning among postpartum women remains high. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess barriers and determinants of postpartum family-planning uptake among women visiting Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) services in public health facilities of western Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design with a quantitative method was conducted on 989 postpartum women in Western Ethiopia from September 1 to October 30, 2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using pretested structured questionnaires, entered using EPI-INFO version 7.0, and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used and statistical significance was declared at P-value
Published: 2022
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7. Perception and Experience of Youth About Youths Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Western Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross Sectional Study

Author: Temesgen Tilahun, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Motuma Getachew, Rut Oljira, and Assefa Seme
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Objectives: The use of youth sexual and reproductive health (YSRH) services is low in poor nations like Ethiopia. This puts individuals at risk for a variety of sexual and reproductive health issues. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate how young people in East Wollega, Western Ethiopia, perceive and use YSRH services. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional quantitative study mixed with a qualitative inquiry was conducted among 771 participants from February 1 to 28, 2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using pretested structured questionnaires adopted from reviewed works of literature on YSRH services. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. The qualitative data was collected using interview guides and checklists. These data were analyzed using a thematic framework approach. Results: In this study, 48.2% of teens felt that the YSRH service units’ location within the medical facilities was inconvenient and difficult to access. More than half, 71.3% of participants, concurred that the health providers offer services that are technically sound. The confidentiality of information is disputed by 18% of participants at YSRH service locations. The limited awareness and use of YSRH services was investigated. Because of their fear of embarrassment, lack of privacy, the providers’ attitudes and workload, and the service unit’s awkward location, the adolescents believe they lack the confidence to use YSRH services. Conclusion: Due to low awareness, providers’ attitudes, and characteristics specific to health facilities, such as poorly placed service sites inside such facilities, a lack of services offered there, and a terrible work environment, youth had a negative opinion of YSRH services. Therefore, it is advised that families, local authorities, the medical field, the educational field, and the media all collaborate to alter public opinions of juveniles by utilizing youth-friendly strategies. The authors advise health facilities to respect young people’s privacy, alter health workers’ attitudes, let them use the services, remove obstacles to payment, designate enough health workers for both working and non-working hours, and reorganize the services.
Published: 2022
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8. Assessment of access and utilization of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health services in western Ethiopia

Author: Temesgen Tilahun, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Motuma Getachew, and Assefa Seme
Subjects: Adolescents, Youth, Sexual and Reproductive Health Services, East Wollega, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Plain Language Summary Background Ethiopia is showing its enormous effort to improve the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by adolescents and youths. But different factors are affecting it. This paper explains how many adolescents and youths are using sexual and reproductive health services and the factors affecting their utilization. Methods We interviewed 771 adolescents and youths aged 15 to 24 years in western Ethiopia. We asked them about the awareness and utilization of adolescents’ and youths’ sexual reproductive health services and the factors affecting their utilization. Results seven hundred seventy-one adolescents and youths were interviewed. Two hundred seventeen (28.1%) and 66 (8.6%) of them heard about and utilized adolescents' and youths' reproductive health services respectively. Those adolescents and youths who heard about sexual and reproductive health service practiced sexual intercourse and visited a health facility for other health services used sexual and reproductive health service more frequently. Conclusion Adolescents and youths who were using Sexual and reproductive health services were not many. Therefore, it better if the concerned bodies work on improving awareness and utilization of adolescents' and youths' sexual and reproductive health services.
Published: 2021
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9. Hypothermia on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit in Oromia, western Ethiopia: a case–control study

Author: Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Belachew Etana Tolessa, and Bikila Girma
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Objective Hypothermia is believed to affect more than half of Ethiopian neonates. The goal of this study is to determine risk factors for newborn hypothermia in neonates admitted to public hospitals in the east Wollega zone of western Ethiopia’s neonatal intensive care unit.Design Unmatched case–control study using neonates admitted to the intensive care unit.Setting Neonatal intensive care units at public hospitals in western Ethiopia.Patients Neonates admitted to intensive care units.Main outcomes The cases were all neonates with hypothermia (less than 36.5°C) and the controls were all neonates with a body temperature of greater or equal to 36.5°C when admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for other reasons.Results The study involved the participation of 73 cases and 146 controls. The study found that delayed breastfeeding initiation after 1 hour (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.72; 95% CI: 1.39 to 10.00), admission weight less than 2500 g (AOR=3.43; 95% CI: 1.18 to 9.97), cardiopulmonary resuscitation at birth (AOR=3.42; 95% CI: 1.16 to 10.10.08), lack of immediate skin-to-skin contact with their mother (AOR=4.54; 95% CI: 1.75 to 11.81), night-time delivery (AOR=6.63; 95% CI: 2.23 to 19.77) and not wearing a cap (AOR=2.98; 95% CI: 1.09 to 8.15) were all associated with newborn hypothermia.Conclusions Neonatal hypothermia was associated with obstetric, neonatal and healthcare provider factors. As a result, special consideration should be given to the thermal care of low birthweight neonates and the implementation of warm-chain principles with low-cost thermal protection in Ethiopian public health facilities.
Published: 2021
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10. Factors affecting demand for modern contraceptives among currently married reproductive age women in rural Kebeles of Nunu Kumba district, Oromia, Ethiopia

Author: Alemu Kebede, Sileshi G. Abaya, Elias Merdassa, and Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma
Subjects: Demand, Family planning use, Unmet need, Nunu Kumba, Married women, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Abstract Background Family planning plays a key role in improving the health of the mother and the child. Yet there are still significant levels of demand for family planning that are unmet and these can lead to unintended pregnancy. So, women’s demand for contraceptive utilization to limit, space, or delay the number of family size can be increased by integrating family planning service at each service delivery points. Objective The main aim of this study was to assess the demand for modern contraceptive and associated factors among currently married women of the reproductive age group in rural kebeles of Nunu Kumba District, 2015. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 15–30, 2015 among 584 systematically selected currently married women of reproductive age in six rural kebeles of Nunu Kumba District. A pre-tested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were done to summarize the data. A multivariate logistic regressions analysis method was employed and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to control for possible confounders. P-value
Published: 2019
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11. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals in Ethiopia toward COVID-19 prevention at early phase

Author: Getahun Fetansa, Belachew Etana, Tadesse Tolossa, Melkamu Garuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Bizuneh Wakuma, Werku Etafa, Ginenus Fekadu, and Alemnesh Mosisa
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a potentially lethal disease having significant public health concerns. As the disease is new, nothing has been intervened yet. Therefore, here we show the health worker’s knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19. Methods: The online cross-sectional study design was conducted from April to May 2020, among Ethiopia health workers. The data were collected online, downloaded by an Excel sheet, and transferred to IBM SPSS version 24. Using questionnaire containing four parts sociodemographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice assessing. Linear logistic regression and binary logistic regression were performed to test the association between the dependent and the independent variables. We reported the 95% confidence intervals of adjusted odds ratios with a statistical significance level at less than 0.05 p -values. Results and conclusion: A total of 441 health workers were included in this study. The majority of participants were from urban (88.7%), nurses (53.1%), male (88.4%), and have a degree educational level (66.7%). The mean knowledge level of respondents was 10.13 ± 0.057 standard deviation. The majority of respondents had a positive attitude toward control of COVID-19, 88%, and 77% of respondents had confidence that Ethiopia will control COVID-19. Similarly, male (2.746, 95% confidence interval (1.23, 6.02)) and good knowledge level (1.98, 95% confidence interval (1.01, 3.09)) were found to be a determinant for attitude regarding control of COVID-19. Good knowledge level 1.6 (1.02, 2.6), male sex 2.2 (1.07, 4.6), masters 2.33 (1.06, 5.08), and medical doctors 5.99 (1.76, 20.4) to practice wearing a mask when going out of the home. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participant health workers are considerable, but may not be enough to control the disease. Sex, age, and profession of the health workers were determinant factors for knowledge about COVID-19. Therefore, training has to be considered for updating health care workers on COVID-19 prevention and controlled at the national level.
Published: 2021
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12. Unintended pregnancy and the factors among currently pregnant married youths in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: A mixed method.

Author: Jaleta Merga, Desalegn Wirtu, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, and Misganu Teshoma Regasa
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundUnintended pregnancy is a global concern affecting both developed and developing countries. Some young women who had unintended pregnancies obtain an abortion while others carry their pregnancies to term, incurring the risk of morbidity and mortality higher than those for adult women. Despite the availability of highly effective methods of contraception, different studies in Ethiopia revealed that there is a high level of unintended pregnancy.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among currently pregnant married youths in Kiremu district.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among currently pregnant married 15-24 years women. Multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used to select 434 study units. Ten kebeles were randomly selected and samples were selected from each of ten kebeles by simple random sampling using kebeles household identification numbers as the sampling frame. Quantitative data was entered with SPSS version 20 and crude and adjusted odds ratio together with their 95%CI were computed and interpreted accordingly. A p-valueResultUnintended pregnancies among currently pregnant married young women in the study area were 31.1%. Educational status (AOR = 3.195,95%CI = 1.757,5.811),being Gov't employee (AOR = 0.039, 95% CI = 0.002,0.988), ever heard contraceptives(AOR = 0.260, 95%CI = 0.077, 0.876), ever used contraceptives (AOR = 0.348,95%CI = 0.168,0.717),discussion about contraceptives with husband(AOR = 0.027,95%CI = 0.015, 0.050),fear of side effect of contraceptives (AOR = 5.819,95% CI = 1.438,23.422), autonomy on health (AOR = 0.122,95%CI = 0.035,0.431), age at first marriage (AOR = 3.195, 95%CI = 1.757,5.811), age first pregnancy(AOR = 23.660,95%CI = 12.573,44.522), being visited by health care providers (AOR = 0.202,95%CI = 0.073,0.566) and average birth interval (AOR = 3.472,95%CI = 1.392,8.61) were the factors associated with unintended pregnancy.Conclusion and recommendationSignificant proportion of women had an unintended pregnancy in the study area. Therefore, emphasis should be given to married youths especially on women empowerment, encouraging partner discussions, and providing appropriate counseling on contraceptive side effects by giving due attention to those marred at younger ages (
Published: 2021
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13. Modern contraceptives use by client choice and associated factors in public health facilities of Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia

Author: Gebeyehu Abera, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, and Tadesse Tolossa
Subjects: Contraceptive use, Client choice, Associated factors, Ethiopia, History of Africa, DT1-3415, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract: Background: Lack of client choice in the contraceptive use results in unmet need for family planning and discontinuation of family planning (FP) methods as well. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with modern contraceptive use by client choice among contraceptive users at public health facilities in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 282 systematically selected women of modern family planning users in public health facilities of Nekemte town. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 21 statistical software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the magnitude and factors associated with modern contraceptive use by client choice. Results: The magnitude of contraceptive use by client choice was 73.4 (95% CI: 68.8, 78.4). The results of multivariable logistic regression analyses showed factors such as being new client (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.028–0.54), injectable contraceptive users (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.80) and getting information about the contraceptive from the provider (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.47–14.4) were significantly associated with contraceptive use by client choice. Conclusions and recommendations: In this study, the magnitude of contraceptive use by client choice was lower than expected level. Therefore, regularly monitoring family planning service provision as per the national guideline is crucial to improve the contraceptive use by client choice.
Published: 2021
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14. Predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia: A case control study.

Author: Misganu Teshoma Regasa, Leta Hinkosa, Merga Besho, Tilahun Bekele, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Reta Tsegaye, Getahun Fetensa Hirko, Jote Markos, and Aga Wakgari
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundEarly neonatal death caused by preterm birth contributes the most for perinatal death. The prevalence of preterm birth continues to rise and is a significant public health problem. The exact cause of preterm birth is yet unanswered, as mostly preterm birth happens spontaneously. Predictors of preterm birth in developing countries like Ethiopia were not well investigated, and no study was conducted before this in the study area.ObjectivesTo identify predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia, 2017/2018.MethodsHealth facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from October 20/2017-march 20/2018 in 4 Hospitals. A total sample size of 358 women was recruited. From this 72 were cases and 286 were controls. Cases were mothers who gave Preterm birth, and controls were mothers who gave birth at term. Ethical clearance was obtained from Wollega University ethical review committee. A pre tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Logistic regression was done to identify predictors of preterm birth.ResultThree hundred fifty-eight women participated in this study of which 72 were cases and 286 were controls; making the overall response rate of 100%. Lack of antenatal care visit [AOR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.37-7.38]),(Having 1-2 antenatal care visit [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.18-4.35]),history of previous preterm)[AOR = 5.19, 95% CI1.29-20.88],Short Interpregnancy Interval [AOR = 4.41.95% CI 2.05-9.47],Having Reproductive tract infections [AOR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.02-6.32] and having Obstetric complications [AOR = 2.48,95% CI 1.31-4.71] were found to be predictors of preterm birth.Conclusion and recommendationRisk factors of preterm delivery are multifactorial and depend on geographical and demographic features of the population studied. Hence results of studies from one area might not be applicable to another area. Antenatal care visits are unique opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of problems. Therefore, antenatal care should be strengthened, and appropriate counseling should be given at each antenatal care follow up. Maintainning optimum birth interval through family planning, and early identification and treatment of reproductive tract infections are mandatory.
Published: 2021
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15. Predictors of self-management practices among diabetic patients attending hospitals in western Oromia, Ethiopia.

Author: Dereje Chala Diriba, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, and Firew Tekle Bobo
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Diabetes Mellitus recognized as one of the emerging public health problems in developing countries. Self-monitoring needs to be individualized and should assist people with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the predictors of self-management practices among diabetic patients attending hospitals in western Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS:A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 in hospitals located in western Oromia, Ethiopia. An interview was made with a total of 400 diabetic patients attending the diabetes center and admitted to ward in the study hospitals. The data were entered into Epi Info software version 3.5.4. Data analysis was made using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Odds ratio (OR) was used to show the association. The statistical significance was considered at P
Published: 2020
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16. Coverage assessment survey following trachoma mass drug administration (MDA) in six districts of Oromia, Western Ethiopia, 2017.

Author: Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Getu Mosisa Kebebew, Zelalem Desalegn Waktole, Jote Markos Cafo, Desalegn Wirtu, and Solomon Gaddisa
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundTrachoma is a contagious infection of the eye by specific strains of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is a cornerstone of World Health Organization (WHO)'s global effort to eliminate trachoma by 2020. This coverage survey was aimed to assess trachoma post-mass drug administration (MDA) coverage among six selected districts of East Wollega, Horo Guduru Wollega, and West Shewa zones in2017.MethodsA community based cross-sectional coverage survey was conducted. The sample size was calculated automatically using Coverage Survey Builder (CSB) tool in microsoft excel. Thirty segments were selected per each selected districts of the three zones. A separate Results Entry Form for each district surveyed was completed, saved and uploaded directly into the online Coverage Survey Analysis Tool to estimate the surveycoverage and the program reach along with the corresponding 95% confidence limits and design effects. EPI-INFO 7.0 and SPSS version 20 was used for further analysis of survey data.ResultA total of 1,747 households were surveyed, out of which 10,700 individuals were interviewed. Most respondents (95.1%) stated that they heard about trachoma MDA and most of them replied that they got the information from health workers. Program reach ranged between 89.5% in Jimma Geneti district and 94.8% in Dirre Hinchini district. The most common mentioned reasons for not having taken azithromycin included not knowing about the campaign, fear of side effects and being absent during the MDA campaign.ConclusionIn this survey, four of the six districts met the target threshold (i.e. 80%) for effective coverage; Ambo rural and Jimma Geneti did not meet the target threshold.Therefore, programmatic improvements should be made for the future campaign to reach the expected thresholds while the campaign in four of the six districts should be encouraged.
Published: 2019
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17. Unintended pregnancy and the factors among currently pregnant married youths in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: A mixed method

Author: Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Misganu Teshoma Regasa, Jaleta Merga, and Desalegn Wirtu
Subjects: Epidemiology, Maternal Health, Health Care Providers, Social Sciences, Abortion, Cognition, Sociology, Pregnancy, Health care, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Psychology, Termination of Pregnancy, Human Families, Marriage, Contraception Behavior, Multidisciplinary, Age at first marriage, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drugs, Pregnancy, Unplanned, Contraceptives, Simple random sample, Stratified sampling, Contraception, Maternal Mortality, Engineering and Technology, Educational Status, Female, Research Article, Biotechnology, Adolescent, Science, Decision Making, Developing country, Bioengineering, Young Adult, Humans, Female Contraception, Pharmacology, Marital Status, business.industry, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Abortion, Induced, Odds ratio, Health Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Medical Risk Factors, Women's Health, Cognitive Science, Medical Devices and Equipment, Ethiopia, business, Unintended pregnancy, Demography, Neuroscience
Abstract: Background Unintended pregnancy is a global concern affecting both developed and developing countries. Some young women who had unintended pregnancies obtain an abortion while others carry their pregnancies to term, incurring the risk of morbidity and mortality higher than those for adult women. Despite the availability of highly effective methods of contraception, different studies in Ethiopia revealed that there is a high level of unintended pregnancy. Objective To assess the magnitude of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among currently pregnant married youths in Kiremu district. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among currently pregnant married 15–24 years women. Multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used to select 434 study units. Ten kebeles were randomly selected and samples were selected from each of ten kebeles by simple random sampling using kebeles household identification numbers as the sampling frame. Quantitative data was entered with SPSS version 20 and crude and adjusted odds ratio together with their 95%CI were computed and interpreted accordingly. A p-value Result Unintended pregnancies among currently pregnant married young women in the study area were 31.1%. Educational status (AOR = 3.195,95%CI = 1.757,5.811),being Gov’t employee (AOR = 0.039, 95% CI = 0.002,0.988), ever heard contraceptives(AOR = 0.260, 95%CI = 0.077, 0.876), ever used contraceptives (AOR = 0.348,95%CI = 0.168,0.717),discussion about contraceptives with husband(AOR = 0.027,95%CI = 0.015, 0.050),fear of side effect of contraceptives (AOR = 5.819,95% CI = 1.438,23.422), autonomy on health (AOR = 0.122,95%CI = 0.035,0.431), age at first marriage (AOR = 3.195, 95%CI = 1.757,5.811), age first pregnancy(AOR = 23.660,95%CI = 12.573,44.522), being visited by health care providers (AOR = 0.202,95%CI = 0.073,0.566) and average birth interval (AOR = 3.472,95%CI = 1.392,8.61) were the factors associated with unintended pregnancy. Conclusion and recommendation Significant proportion of women had an unintended pregnancy in the study area. Therefore, emphasis should be given to married youths especially on women empowerment, encouraging partner discussions, and providing appropriate counseling on contraceptive side effects by giving due attention to those marred at younger ages (
Published: 2021

18. Hypothermia on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit in Oromia, western Ethiopia: a case–control study

Author: Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Belachew Etana Tolessa, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, and Bikila Girma
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neonatal intensive care unit, medicine.medical_treatment, Breastfeeding, Hypothermia, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, law.invention, law, Pregnancy, Intensive care, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, medicine, Humans, Neonatology, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, business.industry, Public health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Intensive care unit, Case-Control Studies, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, Female, Ethiopia, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: ObjectiveHypothermia is believed to affect more than half of Ethiopian neonates. The goal of this study is to determine risk factors for newborn hypothermia in neonates admitted to public hospitals in the east Wollega zone of western Ethiopia’s neonatal intensive care unit.DesignUnmatched case–control study using neonates admitted to the intensive care unit.SettingNeonatal intensive care units at public hospitals in western Ethiopia.PatientsNeonates admitted to intensive care units.Main outcomesThe cases were all neonates with hypothermia (less than 36.5°C) and the controls were all neonates with a body temperature of greater or equal to 36.5°C when admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for other reasons.ResultsThe study involved the participation of 73 cases and 146 controls. The study found that delayed breastfeeding initiation after 1 hour (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.72; 95% CI: 1.39 to 10.00), admission weight less than 2500 g (AOR=3.43; 95% CI: 1.18 to 9.97), cardiopulmonary resuscitation at birth (AOR=3.42; 95% CI: 1.16 to 10.10.08), lack of immediate skin-to-skin contact with their mother (AOR=4.54; 95% CI: 1.75 to 11.81), night-time delivery (AOR=6.63; 95% CI: 2.23 to 19.77) and not wearing a cap (AOR=2.98; 95% CI: 1.09 to 8.15) were all associated with newborn hypothermia.ConclusionsNeonatal hypothermia was associated with obstetric, neonatal and healthcare provider factors. As a result, special consideration should be given to the thermal care of low birthweight neonates and the implementation of warm-chain principles with low-cost thermal protection in Ethiopian public health facilities.
Published: 2021

19. Modern contraceptives use by client choice and associated factors in public health facilities of Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia

Author: Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Tadesse Tolossa, and Gebeyehu Abera
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Public health, Associated factors, DT1-3415, RT1-120, Nursing, Data entry, Logistic regression, National guideline, Discontinuation, Unmet needs, Contraceptive use, Family planning, Family medicine, medicine, Ethiopia, Client choice, History of Africa, business, General Nursing
Abstract: Background Lack of client choice in the contraceptive use results in unmet need for family planning and discontinuation of family planning (FP) methods as well. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with modern contraceptive use by client choice among contraceptive users at public health facilities in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia. Methods Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 282 systematically selected women of modern family planning users in public health facilities of Nekemte town. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 21 statistical software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the magnitude and factors associated with modern contraceptive use by client choice. Results The magnitude of contraceptive use by client choice was 73.4 (95% CI: 68.8, 78.4). The results of multivariable logistic regression analyses showed factors such as being new client (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.028–0.54), injectable contraceptive users (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.80) and getting information about the contraceptive from the provider (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.47–14.4) were significantly associated with contraceptive use by client choice. Conclusions and recommendations In this study, the magnitude of contraceptive use by client choice was lower than expected level. Therefore, regularly monitoring family planning service provision as per the national guideline is crucial to improve the contraceptive use by client choice.
Published: 2021

20. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Mohsen Naghavi, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Irena Ilic, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Hubert Amu, Jalil Jaafari, Walter Mendoza, Yanzhong Wang, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Mahesh P A, Afshin Maleki, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Akila Prashant, Jessica Y Islam, Ali H. Mokdad, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Roman Shrestha, Muhammad Naveed, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Santi Martini, Reza Rawassizadeh, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Tudorel Andrei, Jason A. Anderson, Martin McKee, Iffat Elbarazi, Golnaz Heidari, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Soewarta Kosen, Davood Anvari, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Farhad Islami, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Maciej Banach, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Ismaeel Yunusa, Suresh Mehata, Tarun Gupta, Mavra A Riaz, Derrick A Bennett, Nithin Kumar, Ali Soroush, Kurt Straif, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Avirup Guha, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Muhammed Shahriar Zaman, Arief Hargono, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Adam E. Berman, Giulia Carreras, Ali Bijani, Christoph Nowak, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Kamal Hezam, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Rahman Shiri, Ashok Pandey, Ramesh Holla, Gyu Ri Kim, Aidin Abedi, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Andem Effiong, Samad Azari, Bhaskar Thakur, Mohsen Mazidi, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Prashant Mathur, Bay Vo, Robert Ancuceanu, Eun-Kee Park, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Thomas Hsiao, Richard G Pestell, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Doo Woong Lee, Bayew Kelkay, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Hualiang Lin, Mohsen Bayati, Florian Fischer, Wei Liu, Stefan Stortecky, Javad Nazari, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Nitish Naik, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Rajat Gupta, Rakhi Dandona, Hermann Brenner, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Yuichiro Yano, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Samath D Dharmaratne, Constantine I. Vardavas, Gabriela Fernanda Gil, Azeem Majeed, Akram Pourshams, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Juan Sanabria, Iván Landires, Parkes J Kendrick, Dinh-Toi Chu, Asma Tahir Awan, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Siddharudha Shivalli, Omid Shafaat, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Manu Raj Mathur, Rachel L Updike, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Ryan David Kennedy, Alessandra Lugo, Olalekan A. Uthman, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Jiregna Darega Gela, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Bedanta Roy, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Jalal Arabloo, Milena Ilic, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yo Han Lee, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mohammad Ali Moni, Valery L. Feigin, Himal Kandel, Lalit Dandona, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Jasvinder A. Singh, Till Bärnighausen, Neeraj Bhala, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Borhan Mansouri, Narayana Manjunatha, Giuseppe Gorini, Saif Ullah, Sheikh M. Alif, Giang Thu Vu, Ai Koyanagi, Mahaveer Golechha, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Sumaira Mubarik, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Bach Xuan Tran, Sorin Hostiuc, Catherine P. Benziger, Ritesh G. Menezes, Leonardo Roever, Xiaochen Dai, Meghnath Dhimal, Medhat Farwati, Chenwen Zhong, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, G Anil Kumar, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Simiao Chen, Zubair Kabir, Meseret Derbew Molla, Tilahun Ali, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Monika Sawhney, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Vin Gupta, Mona Pathak, Lorenzo Monasta, Andrew T Olagunju, Nermin Ghith, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Virendra Singh, Takahiro Tabuchi, Gholamreza Roshandel, Andre R. Brunoni, Hayley D. Tymeson, Madhur Verma, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Adrian Pana, Isabela M. Benseñor, Abdullah Al Mamun, Jianrong Zhang, Hai Quang Pham, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sung-In Jang, Vinay Nangia, Luca Ronfani, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Dhirendra N Sinha, Josip Car, Sohail Ahmad, Rekha Thapar, Salman Rawaf, Joanna L Whisnant, Sanjay Basu, Abdallah M. Samy, Michal Grivna, Zahid A Butt, Abera Getachew Obsa, Mahdi Nalini, Ted R. Miller, Sanjeev Misra, Utsav Parekh, Budi Aji, Saeed Amini, João Pedro Silva, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Baye Dagnew, Yousef Khader, Atif Amin Baig, Habib Benzian, Keivan Ahmadi, Marco Vacante, Brijesh Sathian, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Savita Lasrado, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Darshan B B, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Yonas Akalu, Irmina Maria Michalek, Simone Vidale, Getie Lake Aynalem, Rosa A. S. Couto, Yigizie Yeshaw, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Pradhum Ram, Shrikant Pawar, Kevin Welding, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, K M Shivakumar, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Om P Kurmi, Nataliya Foigt, André Karch, Marina Pinheiro, Basema Saddik, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Chuanhua Yu, Graeme J. Hankey, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Ramaiah Itumalla, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Vera Marisa Costa, Shanshan Li, Ambrish Singh, Yuming Guo, Reza Malekzadeh, Nikha Bhardwaj, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Maryam Zamanian, Onyema greg Chido-Amajuoyi, Ibtihal Fadhil, Sabina O Nduaguba, Turki Alanzi, Eun-Cheol Park, Nicholas Arian, Salah Eddin Karimi, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Minale Tareke, Paramjit Gill, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Haroon Ahmed, Irina Filip, Juwel Rana, Aziz Rezapour, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Ashish Badiye, Kewal Krishan, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Masood Ali Shaikh, Tanuj Kanchan, Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Thomas R. Hird, Yousef Mohammad, Soraya Siabani, Falk Schwendicke, Ziyad Al-Aly, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Zabihollah Yousefi, Neeti Kapoor, Syed Mahboob Shah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Mika Shigematsu, Ben Lacey, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Amir Radfar, Lemma Getacher, Sameer Vali Gopalani, David Laith Rawaf, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Salime Goharinezhad, Ambuj Roy, Ruth W Kimokoti, Nuworza Kugbey, Getinet Ayano, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Benny Antony, Katrin Burkart, Christopher J L Murray, Khalid F. AlHabib, Mariam Molokhia, Mansour Ghafourifard, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Shailesh Advani, Kiomars Sharafi, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, E S Abhilash, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sana Salehi, Dan J. Stein, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Kawkab Shishani, Dejana Braithwaite, Jung-Chen Chang, Rajeev Gupta, Giovanni Damiani, Maha El Tantawi, Maria Sofia Sofia Cattaruzza, Amir Abdoli, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Rakibul M Islam, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Victor Aboyans, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Silvano Gallus, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Vardhmaan Jain, Masoud Foroutan, Janni Leung, Mohammad Abdollahi, Mohammed Zewdu Yimmer, Vahid Alipour, Wondwossen Niguse Asmare, Ravi Prakash Jha, Gerhard Sulo, Brigid Unim, Sheng-Chia Chung, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Hamed Mirzaei, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, In-Hwan Oh, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Oladimeji Adebayo, Farshad Farzadfar, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Shafiu Mohammed, Johan Sundström, Ali Kabir, Paolo Lauriola, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Erin C Mullany, Keyvan Pakshir, Srikanta Banerjee, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed M. Gad, Leila R Kalankesh, Mikk Jürisson, Ismail Tareque, Albertino Damasceno, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Andrea Werdecker, Shane D. Morrison, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Ausloos, Monika Arora, Marissa B Reitsma, Filippos Filippidis, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Antonio Biondi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Junjie Huang, Mohammad Mahdi Zamani, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Shubha Jayaram, Hiroyasu Iso, Charles Ugochukwu Ibeneme, Molly R Nixon, Rachel Feldman, Liliana G Ciobanu, Kristina Edvardsson, Claudiu Herteliu, Andreea Mirica, Kindie Mitiku Kebede, Department of Public Health, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Chewing Tobacco, and Lacey, B
Subjects: Male, Health Status, Smoking Prevention, DETERMINANTS, Global Health, 01 natural sciences, Global Burden of Disease, SMOKELESS TOBACCO, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Global health, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, 610 Medicine & health, RISK, High prevalence, WOMEN, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Articles, Middle Aged, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Chewing tobacco, Smokeless tobacco, Population Surveillance, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Burden of disease, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tobacco, Smokeless, Adolescent, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, VALIDATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Age Distribution, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, 0101 mathematics, Sex Distribution, Chewing tobacco, Prevalence, Global Burden, Smokeless tobacco, business.industry, Public health, Smoking Tobacco, 010102 general mathematics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Global Burden, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, STATES, Socioeconomic Factors, Smoking Cessation, business
Abstract: Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Findings In 2019, 273 center dot 9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 center dot 5 to 290 center dot 9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 center dot 72% (4 center dot 46 to 5 center dot 01). 228 center dot 2 million (213 center dot 6 to 244 center dot 7; 83 center dot 29% [82 center dot 15 to 84 center dot 42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global agestandardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 center dot 21% [-1 center dot 26 to -1 center dot 16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 center dot 46% [0 center dot 13 to 0 center dot 79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 center dot 94% [-1 center dot 72 to -0 center dot 14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Summary Background Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence with age, over time, and by location and sex is important for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Methods We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products. We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those of smoked tobacco over the same time period. Findings In 2019, 273 & middot;9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 & middot;5 to 290 & middot;9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 & middot;72% (4 & middot;46 to 5 & middot;01). 228 & middot;2 million (213 & middot;6 to 244 & middot;7; 83 & middot;29% [82 & middot;15 to 84 & middot;42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global age standardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 & middot;21% [-1 & middot;26 to -1 & middot;16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 & middot;46% [0 & middot;13 to 0 & middot;79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 & middot;94% [-1 & middot;72 to -0 & middot;14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00065-7
Published: 2021
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21. Predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia: A case control study

Author: Leta Hinkosa, Merga Besho, Jote Markos, Getahun Fetensa Hirko, Tilahun Bekele, Misganu Teshoma Regasa, Aga Wakgari, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, and Reta Tsegaye
Subjects: Epidemiology, Maternal Health, Logistic regression, Reproductive Tract Infections, Geographical Locations, Labor and Delivery, 0302 clinical medicine, Health facility, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Multidisciplinary, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family planning, Research Design, Premature Birth, Medicine, Female, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Population, Preterm Birth, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Antenatal Care, medicine, Humans, education, business.industry, Public health, Case-control study, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Complications, Medical Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, People and Places, Africa, Birth, Women's Health, Ethiopia, business
Abstract: Background Early neonatal death caused by preterm birth contributes the most for perinatal death. The prevalence of preterm birth continues to rise and is a significant public health problem. The exact cause of preterm birth is yet unanswered, as mostly preterm birth happens spontaneously. Predictors of preterm birth in developing countries like Ethiopia were not well investigated, and no study was conducted before this in the study area. Objectives To identify predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia, 2017/2018. Methods Health facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from October 20/2017-march 20/2018 in 4 Hospitals. A total sample size of 358 women was recruited. From this 72 were cases and 286 were controls. Cases were mothers who gave Preterm birth, and controls were mothers who gave birth at term. Ethical clearance was obtained from Wollega University ethical review committee. A pre tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Logistic regression was done to identify predictors of preterm birth. Result Three hundred fifty-eight women participated in this study of which 72 were cases and 286 were controls; making the overall response rate of 100%. Lack of antenatal care visit [AOR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.37–7.38]),(Having 1–2 antenatal care visit [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.18–4.35]),history of previous preterm)[AOR = 5.19, 95% CI1.29–20.88],Short Interpregnancy Interval [AOR = 4.41.95% CI 2.05–9.47],Having Reproductive tract infections [AOR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.02–6.32] and having Obstetric complications [AOR = 2.48,95% CI 1.31–4.71] were found to be predictors of preterm birth. Conclusion and recommendation Risk factors of preterm delivery are multifactorial and depend on geographical and demographic features of the population studied. Hence results of studies from one area might not be applicable to another area. Antenatal care visits are unique opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of problems. Therefore, antenatal care should be strengthened, and appropriate counseling should be given at each antenatal care follow up. Maintainning optimum birth interval through family planning, and early identification and treatment of reproductive tract infections are mandatory.
Published: 2021

22. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Giulio Castelpietra, Feng Sha, Khalid A Altirkawi, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Erin B Hamilton, Kate E. LeGrand, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Ana-Laura Manda, Aziz Eftekhari, Irfan Ullah, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Zichen Liu, Maida Umar, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Marina Pinheiro, Farhad Ghamari, Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Rajaram Yadav, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ramesh Holla, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Omar Mukhtar Salman, Bayew Kelkay, Tanuj Kanchan, Irina Filip, Michael R. Phillips, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Reza Malekzadeh, Tomasz Miazgowski, Diana Silva, Samath D Dharmaratne, Eleonora Dubljanin, Fatemeh Zare, Jasvinder A. Singh, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Nathaniel J Henry, Venkatesh Maled, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Gholamreza Roshandel, Jeevan Pereira, Tinuke O Olagunju, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Zamani, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Eduarda Fernandes, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Ibrahim A Khalil, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Yuichiro Yano, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Antonio Maria Borzì, Delia Hendrie, Azeem Majeed, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Derrick A Bennett, Roba Khundkar, Mohammed Madadin, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Alessandra C. Goulart, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Roya Safari-Faramani, Pawan Faris, Farhad Moradpour, Guilherme Borges, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Wubalem Fekadu, Rakhi Dandona, Ali Reza Soltanian, Alaa Badawi, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Vinay Nangia, Gaurav Gupta, Farkhonde Salehi, Isabela M. Benseñor, Rekha Thapar, Yasser S. Amer, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Ashraf Nabhan, Saeed Safari, Lorainne Tudor Car, Ayman Grada, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Keyvan Pakshir, Nefsu Awoke, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Adnan Kisa, Ghasem Azarian, Yogesh Sabde, Soufiane Boufous, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Peter Nyasulu, Tommi Vasankari, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Andrea Werdecker, Sanghamitra Pati, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Sorin Hostiuc, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Chuanhua Yu, Aziz Rezapour, Narayana Manjunatha, Ritesh G. Menezes, Michael K. Hole, Asadollah Gholamian, Pascual R. Valdez, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Marek Majdan, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Irini Chatziralli, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Filippo Ariani, Jeadran N. Malagón-Rojas, Jae Il Shin, Aziz Sheikh, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Ahmed Abdelalim, Babak Moazen, Smita Pakhale, Bija Soleymani, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Young Eun Kim, Yunquan Zhang, Guoqing Hu, Yousef Khader, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Mahdi Safdarian, Arash Sarveazad, Maria Magdalena Constantin, Dhirendra N Sinha, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Khezar Hayat, Ferrán Catalá-López, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Susan M Sawyer, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Salman Rawaf, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Eun-Kee Park, Nauman Khalid, Marwa Rashad Salem, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Borhan Mansouri, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Rovshan Khalilov, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Pankaj Singh, Ashish Badiye, Ai Koyanagi, Priya Rathi, Sanni Yaya, Ali Bijani, Shanshan Li, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Manoochehr Karami, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Soheil Hassanipour, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Obinna Onwujekwe, Swayam Prakash, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Paulo A. Lotufo, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Savita Lasrado, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Samad Azari, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Ziad El-Khatib, Ashish Pathak, Kebreab Paulos, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Animut Alebel, Rupak Desai, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Ayenew Kassie Tesema, Amir Radfar, Shane D. Morrison, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Getnet Gedefaw, Hamed Zandian, Chi Linh Hoang, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Om P Kurmi, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ahmed Omar Bali, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Neha Chaudhary, Endang Indriasih, Neeraj Bedi, Ghobad Moradi, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Daniel Y. Cho, Karen M. Tabb, Elham Ehsani-Chimeh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mustafa Z. Younis, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Jalal Arabloo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Eleni Bagli, Prasanna Mithra, Masood Ali Shaikh, Siamak Sabour, Theo Vos, Van C. Lansingh, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Dennis Odai Laryea, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Mariam Molokhia, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Robert C. Reiner, Till Bärnighausen, Walter Mendoza, Maciej Banach, Justin J. Lang, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Martha Híjar, Farahnaz Joukar, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, R V Polibin, Sudha Jayaraman, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Cyrus Alinia, Nicholas L S Roberts, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Samar Al-Hajj, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Mahesh P A, Amir Manafi, Berhe Gebremichael, Carlos Miguel Rios González, Rahman Shiri, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Pallab K. Maulik, Suresh Jungari, Ali Yadollahpour, Ali H. Mokdad, Alan D. Lopez, Masoud Behzadifar, Naho Morisaki, Nithin Kumar, Corina Benjet, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Nikita Otstavnov, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Serge Resnikoff, Inbal Salz, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Taweewat Wiangkham, Vinod C. Nayak, Niguse Meles Alema, G Anil Kumar, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Yoshan Moodley, Amir Kasaeian, Nitin Joseph, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Farnam Mohebi, Navid Rabiee, Ali Kabir, Hossein Poustchi, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Asres Bedaso Tilahune, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Zoubida Zaidi, Hung Chak Ho, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Saleh Salehi Zahabi, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Yun Jin Kim, Tomas Y Ferede, Saqib Ali, Yousef Mohammad, Getinet Ayano, Zabihollah Yousefi, Neeti Kapoor, Lope H Barrero, Hosni Salem, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Hai Quang Pham, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Erika Ota, Srikanta Banerjee, Babak Asghari, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Tauseef Ahmad, Giovanni Damiani, Hamidreza Komaki, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Rosario Cárdenas, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Miriam Levi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Kavitha Ranganathan, Anwar Rafay, Srinivas Murthy, Engida Yisma, Mehdi Sayyah, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Lalit Dandona, Ahmad Zarei, Kwaku Oppong Asante, Masoud Moradi, Luca Ronfani, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Prabhat Lamichhane, Juan Sanabria, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Yoosik Youm, Kewal Krishan, Maryam Zamanian, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Dawit Habte Woldeyes, Josep Maria Haro, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Hamid Sharifi, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vasily Vlassov, Emmanuel Wandera Okunga, Sanjay Zodpey, Birhanu Geta, Amaha Kahsay, Mark A. Stokes, Faris Lami, Yousef Fatahi, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Louisa Degenhardt, Ivo Rakovac, Saeed Amini, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Asmamaw Demis, Samer Hamidi, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, In-Hwan Oh, Afshin Derakhshani, Sojib Bin Zaman, Peter Memiah, Andreea Mirica, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Oluwatosin Kuti, Shivakumar K.M. Kondlahalli, Soraya Seedat, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Bereket Duko Adema, Paul S. F. Yip, Gurudatta Naik, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Farid Najafi, Kebede Deribe, Ionut Negoi, Malke Asaad, Mehedi Hasan, Tim Driscoll, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Taras Kavetskyy, Masoud Foroutan, Akbar Barzegar, Mohsen Bayati, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Zohreh Arefi, Saif Ullah, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Joemer C. Maravilla, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Rasmus Havmoeller, Pietro Ferrara, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Rohollah Kalhor, Amrit Banstola, Payman Salamati, Genet Melak Alamene, George C Patton, André Faro, Rushdia Ahmed, Era Upadhyay, Vivek Kumar, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Soraya Siabani, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Alexander C. Tsai, Suliman Alghnam, Irena Ilic, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Andrew T Olagunju, Mohan Bairwa, Amy E. Peden, Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Spencer L. James, Ronan A Lyons, Seok Jun Yoon, Siavash Rahimi, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Joht Singh Chandan, Amir Abdoli, Takeshi Fukumoto, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Efat Mohamadi, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Daniel Adane Endalew, Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini, Jost B. Jonas, Mahtab Alikhani, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Lyn March, Ester Cerin, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Morteza Naserbakht, Hamid Safarpour, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Ai-Min Wu, Raimundas Lunevicius, Suzanne Polinder, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Nuworza Kugbey, M. Mofizul Islam, Atif Amin Baig, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Joel M. Francis, Alexandra Brazinova, Nader Jahanmehr, Yuming Guo, Sonia Saxena, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Khanh Bao Tran, Mansour Ghafourifard, Navid Manafi, Chris D Castle, Brian J. Hall, Ravi Prakash Jha, Joan B. Soriano, Rajendra Kadel, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Oladimeji Adebayo, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Kerrie E. Doyle, Olalekan A. Uthman, Farshad Farzadfar, Janet L Leasher, Shafiu Mohammed, Paolo Lauriola, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Nihad A. Almasri, Fakher Rahim, Dillon O Sylte, Emma Smith, Palash Chandra Banik, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Arman Latifi, Carlo La Vecchia, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Dan J. Stein, Leila R Kalankesh, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Habte Belete, Atte Meretoja, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Hadi Hassankhani, Shai Linn, Anas M. Saad, Yong Yu, Aidin Abedi, Mohammad Rabiee, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jack T Fox, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Addisu Melese, Mohammad Khammarnia, Fatemeh Rajati, Arun Balachandran, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Ahad Bakhtiari, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Habibolah Khazaie, Ghulam Mustafa, Ata Rafiee, Benn Sartorius, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Neurocenter, Public Health, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, James SL, Violante FS, Vos T., Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, James, S, Castle, C, Dingels, Z, Fox, J, Hamilton, E, Liu, Z, S Roberts, N, Sylte, D, Henry, N, Legrand, K, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abedi, A, Abosetugn, A, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, R, Ahmed, M, Eddine Aichour, M, Alahdab, F, Alamene, G, Alanezi, F, Alebel, A, Alema, N, Alghnam, S, Al-Hajj, S, Ali, B, Ali, S, Alikhani, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, Y, Amini, S, Loreche Amit, A, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, C, Yaw Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Asghari, B, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bagli, E, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Baye, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, T, Belete, H, Benjet, C, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Borges, G, Borzi, A, Boufous, S, Brazinova, A, Briko, N, Budhathoki, S, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chanie, W, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, D, Kabir Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Colquhoun, S, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Damiani, G, Daryani, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demoz, G, Demsie, D, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, M, Da Silva, D, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubljanin, E, Adema, B, Eagan, A, Eftekhari, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Sayed Zaki, M, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, C, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Eskandarieh, S, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatahi, Y, Fekadu, W, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Franklin, R, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, B, Gebre, A, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremichael, B, Gedefaw, G, Geta, B, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, T, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Mohialdeen Gubari, M, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, H, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Haro, J, Hasan, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hayat, K, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Hijar, M, Ho, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Indriasih, E, Naghibi Irvani, S, Shariful Islam, S, Islam, M, Ivers, R, Jacobsen, K, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamil, T, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, H, Kavetskyy, T, Kebede, H, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Kelkay, B, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khanna, T, Khazaie, H, Shadmani, F, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Komaki, H, M Kondlahalli, S, Korshunov, V, Koyanagi, A, G Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kumar, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumaresh, G, Kurmi, O, Kuti, O, Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Laryea, D, Lasrado, S, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Leasher, J, Huey Lee, S, Lenjebo, T, Levi, M, Li, S, Linn, S, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Madadin, M, El Razek, M, Mahotra, N, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malagon-Rojas, J, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Manda, A, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Maravilla, J, March, L, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Meles, G, Melese, A, Melketsedik, Z, N Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Merie, H, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, K, Darwesh, A, Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Velasquez, I, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Mossie, T, Muluneh, A, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, A, Nagarajan, A, Naik, G, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, B, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Thi Nguyen, H, Nikbakhsh, R, Anggraini Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nyasulu, P, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Okunga, E, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Orpana, H, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Peden, A, Filipino Pepito, V, Pereira, J, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Pinheiro, M, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, D, Puri, P, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Ranganathan, K, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, N Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios Gonzalez, C, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saad, A, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safari, S, Safari-Faramani, R, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Sajadi, S, Salamati, P, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Rashad Salem, M, Salem, H, Salman, O, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Riera, L, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarker, A, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sawyer, S, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, D, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharifi, H, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Singh, P, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Smarandache, C, R Smith, E, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltanian, A, Soriano, J, Sorrie, 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I., Mokdad, A. H., Reiner, R. C., Sartorius, B., Vos, T., James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, and Vos, Theo
Subjects: Dánarmein, Fötlun, Dánartíðni, Lífslíkur, Life expectancy, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, burden of disease, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, Medicine, LIFE EXPECTANCY, 030212 general & internal medicine, POPULATION, Cause of death, Original Research, RISK, education.field_of_study, Global disease burdens, Injuries, Sjúkdómar, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Population health, Burden of disease, Global, global, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Descriptive epidemiology, Lýðheilsa, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Public Health, TERRITORIES, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Population, 195 COUNTRIES, Humans, Life Expectancy, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Mortality, education, Disability, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, business.industry, Faraldsfræði, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, Áverkar, 1701 Psychology, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1152504, "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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23. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Simpson, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Vivekanand Jha, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Amr Hassan, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Anna V. Korotkova, Brijesh Sathian, Marcello Tonelli, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Juan Jesus Carrero, Cameron J. Kneib, Ravi Prakash Jha, David H. Shaw, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Tanuj Kanchan, Khezar Hayat, Hamid Sharifi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Muktar Omer Omer, Fatemeh Amiri, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, David Edvardsson, Xiu Ju George Zhao, Hannah Han, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Adam E. Berman, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Thomas Pilgrim, Leila Doshmangir, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, David M. Pigott, Hadi Hassankhani, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Teklemariam Gultie, Arash Ziapour, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Ilse N. Dippenaar, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot, Maha El Tantawi, Xuefeng Liu, Zulfiqar A. 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Subjects: Index (economics), Servicios de Salud, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, universal health coverage, sustaibale develpment goal, global burden of disease, performance, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Universal Health Insurance, RA0421, 11. Sustainability, Per capita, Medical economics, Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, effective coverage of health services, GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators, education.field_of_study, Public health, Medical care, Sjúkdómar, 4. Education, 1. No poverty, Health coverage, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Hälsovetenskaper, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Health services, 3. Good health, Global burden of disease, Health Expenditures, Humans, World Health Organization, Purchasing power parity, Scale (social sciences), Lýðheilsa, universal health coverag, CANCER SURVIVAL, ACCESS, Human, Heilsuhagfræði, medicine.medical_specialty, Health coverage, GBD, GBD, Universal health, GBD 2019, Population, Health expenditures, 3122 Cancers, Population health, 03 medical and health sciences, Health systems, Heilbrigðisvísindi, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Development economics, Health Sciences, medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, Alþjóðaheilbrigðisstofnunin, QUALITY, Global Burden of Disease Study, education, PROGRESS, Disease burden, Health services accessibility, CARE, Heilbrigðisþjónusta, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Health Expenditure, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Morbility, Administración de los Servicios de Salud, Medical policy, Business, Heilbrigðiskerfi
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>= 65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target-1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023-we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45.8 (95% uncertainty interval 44.2-47.5) in 1990 to 60.3 (58.7-61.9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2.6% [1.9-3.3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010-2019 relative to 1990-2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0.79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388.9 million (358.6-421.3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3.1 billion (3.0-3.2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968.1 million [903.5-1040.3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people-the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close-or how far-all populations are in benefiting from UHC., Lucas Guimaraes Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (Capes) -Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Olatunji O Adetokunboh acknowledges South African Department of Science & Innovation, and National Research Foundation. Anurag Agrawal acknowledges support from the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship IA/CPHS/14/1/501489. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi acknowledges Grant U01HG010273 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of the H3Africa Consortium. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi is further supported by the FLAIR fellowship funded by the UK Royal Society and the African Academy of Sciences. Syed Mohamed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Marcel Ausloos, Claudiu Herteliu, and Adrian Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDSUEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Till Winfried Barnighausen acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Juan J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). Felix Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera Marisa Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma TransitA3ria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Jan-Walter De Neve acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe acknowledges support by Wellcome Trust grant number 201900/Z/16/Z as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Claudiu Herteliu acknowledges partial support by a grant co-funded by European Fund for Regional Development through Operational Program for Competitiveness, Project ID P_40_382. Praveen Hoogar acknowledges the Centre for Bio Cultural Studies (CBiCS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Manipal and Centre for Holistic Development and Research (CHDR), Kalghatgi. Bing-Fang Hwang acknowledges support from China Medical University (CMU108-MF-95), Taichung, Taiwan. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-funded through the Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Aruna M Kamath acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health T32 grant (T32GM086270). Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13 & MC_UU_12017/15), Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13 & SPHSU15) and an NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02). Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001). Kewal Krishan acknowledges support from the DST PURSE grant and UGC Center of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Manasi Kumar acknowledges support from K43 TW010716 Fogarty International Center/NIMH. Ben Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. Ivan Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de InvestigaciA3n (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT), Panama. Jeffrey V Lazarus acknowledges support by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ESF, European Union [CP18/00074]). Peter T N Memiah acknowledges CODESRIA; HISTP. Subas Neupane acknowledges partial support from the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital. Shuhei Nomura acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). Alberto Ortiz acknowledges support by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. George C Patton acknowledges support from a National Health & Medical Research Council Fellowship. Marina Pinheiro acknowledges support from FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 -Norma transitA3ria. Alberto Raggi, David Sattin, and Silvia Schiavolin acknowledge support by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4 -Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). Daniel Cury Ribeiro acknowledges support from the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship -Health Research Council of New Zealand (18/111). Perminder S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC Australia. Abdallah M Samy acknowledges support from a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez acknowledges institutional support from University of Applied and Environmental Sciences in Bogota, Colombia, and Carlos III Institute of Health in Madrid, Spain. Maria Ines Schmidt acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges a fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Deakin University. Aziz Sheikh acknowledges support from Health Data Research UK. Kenji Shibuya acknowledges Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Joan B Soriano acknowledges support by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos acknowledges partial support from grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla acknowledges support from the National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship, Australia. Marcello Tonelli acknowledges the David Freeze Chair in Health Services Research at the University of Calgary, AB, Canada., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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24. Coverage assessment survey following trachoma mass drug administration (MDA) in six districts of Oromia, Western Ethiopia, 2017

Author: Desalegn Wirtu, Solomon Gaddisa, Zelalem Desalegn Waktole, Jote Markos Cafo, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, and Getu Mosisa Kebebew
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Bacterial Diseases, Eye Diseases, Cross-sectional study, Physiology, RC955-962, Surveys, Azithromycin, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Community based, Aged, 80 and over, Pharmaceutics, Ingestion, Microsoft excel, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Geography, Infectious Diseases, Trachoma, Research Design, Mass Drug Administration, Anatomy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, Drug Administration, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Research and Analysis Methods, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Drug Therapy, Ocular System, Environmental health, medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Humans, Mass drug administration, Aged, Survey Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Drug administration, Biology and Life Sciences, Swallowing, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Drug Utilization, Ophthalmology, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Age Groups, People and Places, Africa, Survey data collection, Eyes, Population Groupings, Ethiopia, Physiological Processes, Head
Abstract: Background Trachoma is a contagious infection of the eye by specific strains of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is a cornerstone of World Health Organization (WHO)’s global effort to eliminate trachoma by 2020. This coverage survey was aimed to assess trachoma post-mass drug administration (MDA) coverage among six selected districts of East Wollega, Horo Guduru Wollega, and West Shewa zones in2017. Methods A community based cross-sectional coverage survey was conducted. The sample size was calculated automatically using Coverage Survey Builder (CSB) tool in microsoft excel. Thirty segments were selected per each selected districts of the three zones. A separate Results Entry Form for each district surveyed was completed, saved and uploaded directly into the online Coverage Survey Analysis Tool to estimate the surveycoverage and the program reach along with the corresponding 95% confidence limits and design effects. EPI-INFO 7.0 and SPSS version 20 was used for further analysis of survey data. Result A total of 1,747 households were surveyed, out of which 10,700 individuals were interviewed. Most respondents (95.1%) stated that they heard about trachoma MDA and most of them replied that they got the information from health workers. Program reach ranged between 89.5% in Jimma Geneti district and 94.8% in Dirre Hinchini district. The most common mentioned reasons for not having taken azithromycin included not knowing about the campaign, fear of side effects and being absent during the MDA campaign. Conclusion In this survey, four of the six districts met the target threshold (i.e. 80%) for effective coverage; Ambo rural and Jimma Geneti did not meet the target threshold.Therefore, programmatic improvements should be made for the future campaign to reach the expected thresholds while the campaign in four of the six districts should be encouraged., Author summary Trachoma is a contagious infection of the eye and the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mass drug administration (MDA) is one of the WHO initiated a global program to eliminate trachoma by 2020. Mass drug administration is a strategy used to administer medicines to the entire at-risk population of an area, most commonly a district using a campaign-style approach. This coverage survey was aimed to assess knowledge and source of information about the previous trachoma mass drug administration campaign, its coverage level, and the reason for not taking the drug. It highlighted the previous challenges, existing gaps and explained differences in coverages reported within the respective districts. Therefore, future MDA rounds will be able to take into account these findings and reach target populations that might have been missed during previous rounds of MDA. For this survey, it was found that mass drug administration coverage was lower than reported one by the districts, except for Haro Limu and Boneya Boshe. The difference was as small as 2% in Haro Limu district to as high as 20% in Boneya Boshe district. Therefore, in the districts with lower MDA coverage, improvements should be made for the future campaign to reach the expected thresholds.
Published: 2019

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24 results on '"Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma"'

1. Perceived paternal emotional fertility intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among a cohort of pregnant women: Community based longitudinal survey; A secondary data analysis of the 2019/20 baseline survey.

2. Self-medication practices in Ethiopia: An umbrella review protocol.

3. Emotional Fertility Intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among married contraceptive user women: using linked community and health facility data from performance monitoring for action; a generalized ordered logistics regression modeling

4. Postpartum family planning uptake and its associated factors among postpartum women in Asosa zone, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

5. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cost of chronic diseases treatment and care at public hospitals in Wallaga zones, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: a hospital-based, cross-sectional study

6. Barriers and determinants of postpartum family planning uptake among postpartum women in Western Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

7. Perception and Experience of Youth About Youths Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Western Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross Sectional Study

8. Assessment of access and utilization of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health services in western Ethiopia

9. Hypothermia on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit in Oromia, western Ethiopia: a case–control study

10. Factors affecting demand for modern contraceptives among currently married reproductive age women in rural Kebeles of Nunu Kumba district, Oromia, Ethiopia

11. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals in Ethiopia toward COVID-19 prevention at early phase

12. Unintended pregnancy and the factors among currently pregnant married youths in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: A mixed method.

13. Modern contraceptives use by client choice and associated factors in public health facilities of Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia

14. Predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia: A case control study.

15. Predictors of self-management practices among diabetic patients attending hospitals in western Oromia, Ethiopia.

16. Coverage assessment survey following trachoma mass drug administration (MDA) in six districts of Oromia, Western Ethiopia, 2017.

17. Unintended pregnancy and the factors among currently pregnant married youths in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: A mixed method

18. Hypothermia on admission to a neonatal intensive care unit in Oromia, western Ethiopia: a case–control study

19. Modern contraceptives use by client choice and associated factors in public health facilities of Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia

20. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

21. Predictors of preterm birth in Western Ethiopia: A case control study

22. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

23. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

24. Coverage assessment survey following trachoma mass drug administration (MDA) in six districts of Oromia, Western Ethiopia, 2017

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