15 results on '"Tange Olsen, Morten"'
Search Results
2. An evolutionarily distinct ringed seal in the Ilulissat Icefjord.
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Rosing‐Asvid, Aqqalu, Löytynoja, Ari, Momigliano, Paolo, Hansen, Rikke Guldborg, Scharff‐Olsen, Camilla Hjorth, Valtonen, Mia, Kammonen, Juhana, Dietz, Rune, Rigét, Frank Farsø, Ferguson, Steve H., Lydersen, Christian, Kovacs, Kit M., Holland, David M., Jernvall, Jukka, Auvinen, Petri, and Tange Olsen, Morten
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RINGED seal ,LAST Glacial Maximum ,TRADITIONAL knowledge ,WORLD Heritage Sites ,TUNDRAS ,GENOMICS ,ANIMAL coloration - Abstract
The Earth's polar regions are low rates of inter‐ and intraspecific diversification. An extreme mammalian example is the Arctic ringed seal (Pusa hispida hispida), which is assumed to be panmictic across its circumpolar Arctic range. Yet, local Inuit communities in Greenland and Canada recognize several regional variants; a finding supported by scientific studies of body size variation. It is however unclear whether this phenotypic variation reflects plasticity, morphs or distinct ecotypes. Here, we combine genomic, biologging and survey data, to document the existence of a unique ringed seal ecotype in the Ilulissat Icefjord (locally 'Kangia'), Greenland; a UNESCO World Heritage site, which is home to the most productive marine‐terminating glacier in the Arctic. Genomic analyses reveal a divergence of Kangia ringed seals from other Arctic ringed seals about 240 kya, followed by secondary contact since the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite ongoing gene flow, multiple genomic regions appear under strong selection in Kangia ringed seals, including candidate genes associated with pelage coloration, growth and osmoregulation, potentially explaining the Kangia seal's phenotypic and behavioural uniqueness. The description of 'hidden' diversity and adaptations in yet another Arctic species merits a reassessment of the evolutionary processes that have shaped Arctic diversity and the traditional view of this region as an evolutionary freezer. Our study highlights the value of indigenous knowledge in guiding science and calls for efforts to identify distinct populations or ecotypes to understand how these might respond differently to environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. 'The biomolecular identification of pinnipeds used in Romanesque medieval manuscripts'
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Lévêque, Élodie, Teasdale, Matthew, Fiddyment, Sarah, Bro-Jorgense, Maiken Hemme, Tange, Olsen Morten, Collins, Matthew, and Polimenova, Zinaïda
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[SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history - Published
- 2022
4. Genomic sex identification of ancient pinnipeds using the dog genome
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Bro-Jørgensen, Maiken Hemme, Ahlgren, Hans, Glykou, Aikaterini, Lidén, Kerstin, and Tange Olsen, Morten
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X chromosome ,Ancient DNA ,Archaeology ,Zooarchaeology ,Arkeologi ,Shotgun sequencing - Published
- 2021
5. 'Biocodicology as an aid to locating the origin of materials: Investigation into the use of sealskins on manuscripts in the 12th and 13th centuries'
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Lévêque, Élodie, Teasdale, Matthew, Fiddyment, Sarah, Bro-Jorgense, Maiken Hemme, Tange, Olsen Morten, Collins, Matthew, and Polimenova, Zinaïda
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[SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history - Published
- 2021
6. 'Hiding in plain sight: The biomolecular identification of pinniped use in medieval manuscripts'
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Lévêque, Élodie, Teasdale, Matthew, Fiddyment, Sarah, Bro-Jorgense, Maiken Hemme, Tange, Olsen Morten, Collins, Matthew, and Polimenova, Zinaïda
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[SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history - Published
- 2019
7. The seasonal buoyancy budget of harbour porpoises (P. phocoena) during dives
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Ragkousis, Michail, Galatius, Anders, Wisniewska, Danuta, Teilmann, Jonas, Johnson, Mark, Hansen, Mette Sif, Schwarz, Peter, Teglberg Madsen, Peter, Siebert, Ursula, Tange Olsen, Morten, and Wahlberg, Magnus
- Published
- 2018
8. The ecosystem service approach to marine mammal management - benefits and limitations
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Riisager-Pedersen, Christian, Galatius, Anders, and Tange Olsen, Morten
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- 2018
9. Genetic population structure of harbour seals in the United Kingdom and neighbouring waters
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Tange, Olsen Morten, Islas, Valentina, Graves, Jeff A., Onoufriou, Aubrie, Vincent, Cécile, Brasseur, Sophie, Frie, Anne Kirstine, Hall, Ailsa, NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Puerto Ángel, Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla, Universidad del Mar, Ciudad Universitaria, School of Biology, Xelect Ltd, Scottish Oceans Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, IMARES, AD, IMARES, AD, Institute of Marine Research [Norvège], Institute of Marine Research, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)
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GC ,QL ,QH301 Biology ,Seal Management Units ,NDAS ,coastal ,mammal ,microsatellite loci ,QL Zoology ,Mammal ,QH301 ,Onderzoeksformatie ,Coastal ,Ecosystemen ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Genetics ,genetics ,GC Oceanography ,Phoca vitulina ,Microsatellite loci - Abstract
Natural Environment Research Council (GrantNumber(s): SMRU1001; Grant recipient(s): Ailsa Hall) 1. In the United Kingdom (UK), several harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) populations have been declining over the past decade. In order to understand the effect of these changes in abundance, this study seeks to determine the population structure of harbour seals in the UK, and in Scotland in particular, on a wider and finer spatial scale than has previously been reported. 2. Harbour seals were genotyped from 18 different localities throughout the UK and neighbouring localities in mainland Europe, at 12 microsatellite loci. Results from Bayesian and frequency based tests of population structure suggested an initial structural division into two main groups consisting of localities in northern UK and southern UK-mainland Europe, respectively. 3. These two clusters were further divided into four geographically distinct genetic clusters. 4. An overall agreement between the genetic results and the existing management areas for UK harbour seals was observed, but it is also clear that an adaptive management approach should be adopted, in which the delineation of the current management areas is maintained until further genetic and ecological information has been accumulated and analysed. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2017
10. Greenland sled dogs at risk of extinction.
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Sonne, Christian, Langebæk, Rikke, Dietz, Rune, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Houser, Geoff, Hansen, Anders J., Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Tange Olsen, Morten, Egevang, Carsten, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., and Meldgaard, Morten
- Published
- 2018
11. Early European and Greenlandic Walrus Hunting: motivations, techniques and practices
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Jette Arneborg, Keighley, Xénia, Tange Olsen, Morten, Jordan, Peter, and Sean Desjardins
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Geography ,Middle East ,Arctic ,Human settlement ,Elite ,language ,Ethnology ,Middle Ages ,Norwegian ,Settlement (litigation) ,Land tenure ,language.human_language - Abstract
The earliest written information in Scandinavia about a trade in walrus products comes from the North Norwegian landowner and merchant Ohthere. The text dates to the late 9th century AD and describes the long-distance trading of walrus ivory, skins and other Arctic products that appear to originate in Northern Russia. Iceland offered an additional source of valuable walrus ivory and was colonised by the Norse at around this time, although the small local population was quickly hunted to extinction during Settlement and Commonwealth periods (ca. 870 – 1262 AD). From the early part of the 10th century AD the Novgorod elite exerted increasing control over the hunting and trading of Russian Arctic products, and decided to concentrate on supplying the lucrative markets of the Near East and Asia. This shift created supply-side problems in Western Europe, and these markets increasingly came to rely on alternative walrus hunting grounds in the remote North Atlantic. The search for walrus ivory may also have motivated initial Norse exploration and settlement of Greenland in the late 900’s AD. Walrus hunting - and the profitable trade in ivory – was central to the social and economic life of the remote Norse colonies in Greenland, and led eventually to the Norwegian Church and Crown seeking to increase its influence among the Greenlandic elite. Over time, however, the heavy reliance of the Norse colonies on long-distance trade networks generated inherent vulnerabilities, and the declining volume of walrus products circulating in Western European markets in the Late Middle Ages may have been one of the factors that triggered the depopulation and eventual abandonment of the Greenland colonies by the mid 1400’s AD. In northern and western Europe, the use of walrus ivory in decorative arts can betraced back at least as far as the 9th century CE. (Curnow, 2000, p. 293;Roesdahl, 2005, p. 185). Around this time, walrus ivory was being sourced alongthe Arctic coasts of Scandinavia and Russia. The ivory was then traded westwards into the markets of northern and western Europe, but also eastwards via the Muslim lands, into the Orient and even into the Far East (Tegengren, 1962, p. 7ff.). This chapter examines the role played by western European societies in the active hunting of walruses across the remote North Atlantic periphery. Chronologically, it spans the 9th to the mid-15th centuries CE; that is, from the earliest written descriptions of the lucrative trade in walrus products, through tothe eventual decline and abandonment of the Norse colonies in Greenland. Bythis time, Greenland had taken over from Arctic Russia as the main supplier ofwalrus ivory to the luxury markets of North-West Europe.The hunting of walruses for ivory and hide is first mentioned in the early travelaccounts of Ohthere, a North Norwegian chieftain, who made a journey to theArctic territories of European Russia, and later relayed his experiences to the Anglo-Saxon King Alfred at the end of the 800’s. Ohthere’s account suggests that large and impressive walrus tusks were already circulating as prestigious objects and were highly sought after in northern European markets and trade networks as a valuable raw material for decorative pieces of artwork. In addition to the ivory, walrus hide was also valued as a material for producing tough and waterproof ropes. The demand for walrus products—and especially ivory—grew rapidly. The early stages of the ‘boom’ in ivory coincided with the Norse settlement of Iceland around 870 CE and subsequent arrival of Icelandic settlers in Greenland at the end of the 900’s. Both events allowed new access to North Atlantic walruses to meet European commercial demands. For the remote colonies of Iceland and Greenland, the trade in ivory generated valuable opportunities to supply the markets of northern Europe. Much of the demand appears to have been driven by the leaders of emerging kingdoms and the Roman Catholic Church elite. Both were keen to use magnificent and valuable ivory artworks in events and ceremonies that signalled their wealth and reinforced their claims to power and authority.
- Published
- 2021
12. Health effects from contaminant exposure in Baltic Sea birds and marine mammals: A review.
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Sonne, Christian, Siebert, Ursula, Gonnsen, Katharina, Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Persson, Sara, Roos, Anna, Bäcklin, Britt-Marie, Kauhala, Kaarina, Tange Olsen, Morten, Harding, Karin C., Treu, Gabriele, Galatius, Anders, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Gross, Stephanie, Lakemeyer, Jan, Lehnert, Kristina, Lam, Su Shiung, Peng, Wanxi, and Dietz, Rune
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MARINE mammals , *SEA birds , *PERSISTENT pollutants , *GRAY seal , *HARBOR porpoise , *FOOD composition - Abstract
• Contaminant exposure and health of six Baltic key species was reviewed. • We report organ-tissue endpoints (pathologies) and multiple biomarkers. • Effects on the reproductive and immune systems (BSDC) • Significant population declines from POP exposure have been reported. • Future continuous monitoring and assessment is necessary. Here we review contaminant exposure and related health effects in six selected Baltic key species. Sentinel species included are common eider, white-tailed eagle, harbour porpoise, harbour seal, ringed seal and grey seal. The review represents the first attempt of summarizing available information and baseline data for these biomonitoring key species exposed to industrial hazardous substances focusing on anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There was only limited information available for white-tailed eagles and common eider while extensive information exist on POP exposure and health effects in the four marine mammal species. Here we report organ-tissue endpoints (pathologies) and multiple biomarkers used to evaluate health and exposure of key species to POPs, respectively, over the past several decades during which episodes of significant population declines have been reported. Our review shows that POP exposure affects the reproductive system and survival through immune suppression and endocrine disruption, which have led to population-level effects on seals and white-tailed eagles in the Baltic. It is notable that many legacy contaminants, which have been banned for decades, still appear to affect Baltic wildlife. With respect to common eiders, changes in food composition, quality and contaminant exposure seem to have population effects which need to be investigated further, especially during the incubation period where the birds fast. Since new industrial contaminants continuously leak into the environment, we recommend continued monitoring of them in sentinel species in the Baltic, identifying possible effects linked to climate change, and modelling of population level effects of contaminants and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. A review of pathogens in selected Baltic Sea indicator species.
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Sonne, Christian, Lakemeyer, Jan, Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Persson, Sara, Stokholm, Iben, Galatius, Anders, Gross, Stephanie, Gonnsen, Katharina, Lehnert, Kristina, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Tange Olsen, Morten, Dietz, Rune, and Siebert, Ursula
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MARINE mammals , *LEPTOSPIRA interrogans , *SPECIES , *HARBOR seal , *RINGED seal , *GRAY seal , *VIRUS diseases - Abstract
• We review the of pathogens in select marine and terrestrial key species of the Baltic Sea. • This review is the first to merge and present available information and baseline data for the Baltic Sea. • Pathogens including parasites, bacteria and virus were reviewed. Here we review the state-of-the-art of pathogens in select marine and terrestrial key species of the Baltic Sea, i.e. ringed seal (Pusa hispida), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), common eider (Somateria mollissima), pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) and white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). This review is the first to merge and present available information and baseline data for the FP7 BONUS BaltHealth project: Baltic Sea multilevel health impacts on key species of anthropogenic hazardous substances. Understanding the spread, prevalence and effects of wildlife pathogens is important for the understanding of animal and ecosystem health, ecosystem function and services, as well as human exposure to zoonotic diseases. This review summarises the occurrence of parasites, viruses and bacteria over the past six decades, including severe outbreaks of Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV), the seroprevalence of Influenza A and the recent increase in seal parasites. We show that Baltic high trophic key species are exposed to multiple bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. Parasites, such as C. semerme and P. truncatum present in the colon and liver Baltic grey seals, respectively, and anisakid nematodes require particular monitoring due to their effects on animal health. In addition, distribution of existing viral and bacterial pathogens, along with the emergence and spread of new pathogens, need to be monitored in order to assess the health status of key Baltic species. Relevant bacteria are Streptococcus spp., Brucella spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae , Mycoplasma spp. and Leptospira interrogans ; relevant viruses are influenza virus, distemper virus, pox virus and herpes virus. This is of special importance as some of the occurring pathogens are zoonotic and thus also pose a potential risk for human health. Marine mammal handlers, as well as civilians that by chance encounter marine mammals, need to be aware of this risk. It is therefore important to continue the monitoring of diseases affecting key Baltic species in order to assess their relationship to population dynamics and their potential threat to humans. These infectious agents are valuable indicators of host ecology and can act as bioindicators of distribution, migration, diet and behaviour of marine mammals and birds, as well as of climate change and changes in food web dynamics. In addition, infectious diseases are linked to pollutant exposure, overexploitation, immune suppression and subsequent inflammatory disease. Ultimately, these diseases affect the health of the entire ecosystem and, consequently, ecosystem function and services. As global warming is continuously increasing, the impact of global change on infectious disease patterns is important to monitor in Baltic key species in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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14. Origin and expansion of the world's most widespread pinniped: Range-wide population genomics of the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina).
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Liu X, Rønhøj Schjøtt S, Granquist SM, Rosing-Asvid A, Dietz R, Teilmann J, Galatius A, Cammen K, O'Corry-Crowe G, Harding K, Härkönen T, Hall A, Carroll EL, Kobayashi Y, Hammill M, Stenson G, Kirstine Frie A, Lydersen C, Kovacs KM, Andersen LW, Hoffman JI, Goodman SJ, Vieira FG, Heller R, Moltke I, and Tange Olsen M
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- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Canada, Europe, Metagenomics, Phoca genetics
- Abstract
The harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) is the most widely distributed pinniped, occupying a wide variety of habitats and climatic zones across the Northern Hemisphere. Intriguingly, the harbour seal is also one of the most philopatric seals, raising questions as to how it colonized its current range. To shed light on the origin, remarkable range expansion, population structure and genetic diversity of this species, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to analyse ~13,500 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms from 286 individuals sampled from 22 localities across the species' range. Our results point to a Northeast Pacific origin of the harbour seal, colonization of the North Atlantic via the Canadian Arctic, and subsequent stepping-stone range expansions across the North Atlantic from North America to Europe, accompanied by a successive loss of genetic diversity. Our analyses further revealed a deep divergence between modern North Pacific and North Atlantic harbour seals, with finer-scale genetic structure at regional and local scales consistent with strong philopatry. The study provides new insights into the harbour seal's remarkable ability to colonize and adapt to a wide range of habitats. Furthermore, it has implications for current harbour seal subspecies delineations and highlights the need for international and national red lists and management plans to ensure the protection of genetically and demographically isolated populations., (© 2022 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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15. Global distribution of Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus among clinically healthy sea turtles.
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Alfaro-Núñez A, Frost Bertelsen M, Bojesen AM, Rasmussen I, Zepeda-Mendoza L, Tange Olsen M, and Gilbert MT
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- Animals, Herpesviridae genetics, Herpesviridae physiology, Mutation, Prevalence, Skin Neoplasms epidemiology, Skin Neoplasms virology, Turtles classification, Viral Proteins genetics, Virus Latency, Herpesviridae isolation & purification, Skin Neoplasms veterinary, Turtles virology
- Abstract
Background: Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease characterized by cutaneous tumours that has been documented to infect all sea turtle species. Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV) is believed to be the aetiological agent of FP, based principally on consistent PCR-based detection of herpesvirus DNA sequences from FP tumours. We used a recently described PCR-based assay that targets 3 conserved CFPHV genes, to survey 208 green turtles (Chelonia mydas). This included both FP tumour exhibiting and clinically healthy individuals. An additional 129 globally distributed clinically healthy individual sea turtles; representing four other species were also screened., Results: CFPHV DNA sequences were obtained from 37/37 (100%) FP exhibiting green turtles, and 45/300 (15%) clinically healthy animals spanning all five species. Although the frequency of infected individuals per turtle population varied considerably, most global populations contained at least one CFPHV positive individual, with the exception of various turtle species from the Arabian Gulf, Northern Indian Ocean and Puerto Rico. Haplotype analysis of the different gene markers clustered the CFPHV DNA sequences for two of the markers (UL18 and UL22) in turtles from Turks and Caicos separate to all others, regardless of host species or geographic origin., Conclusion: Presence of CFPHV DNA within globally distributed samples for all five species of sea turtle was confirmed. While 100% of the FP exhibiting green turtles yielded CFPHV sequences, surprisingly, so did 15% of the clinically healthy turtles. We hypothesize that turtle populations with zero (0%) CFPHV frequency may be attributed to possible environmental differences, diet and/or genetic resistance in these individuals. Our results provide first data on the prevalence of CFPHV among seemingly healthy turtles; a factor that may not be directly correlated to the disease incidence, but may suggest of a long-term co-evolutionary latent infection interaction between CFPHV and its turtle-host across species. Finally, computational analysis of amino acid variants within the Turks and Caicos samples suggest potential functional importance in a substitution for marker UL18 that encodes the major capsid protein gene, which potentially could explain differences in pathogenicity. Nevertheless, such a theory remains to be validated by further research.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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