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The conflict between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the Indonesian government since 1976 ended with the MoU Helsinki peace agreement in 2005. This peace agreement gave the Acehnese hope to experience comprehensive peace. However, peace is not fully realized. The peace agreement led to the transformation of a new conflict that affected the people of Aceh. This study aims to map the six recent disputes that emerged after the MoU Helsinki 2005 and analyze the existence of transactional politics in the six new conflicts in Aceh. This study shows two things using a qualitative approach and transactional political theory. First, after the MoU Helsinki 2005, Aceh experienced six new conflicts, namely: the transformation of GAM into a local political party; conflict and violence in elections; transitional justice conflict; the emergence of armed criminal groups (ACG); Sharia law conflict, and the emergence of Aceh Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF) as a counter-peace movement. Second, the emergence of these six new conflicts cannot be separated from the existence of transactional politics. Aceh's political elite always prioritizes transactions, patron-client relationships, and government power. The transformation of the conflict in Aceh caused the people of Aceh to continue to live in poverty and unsafe conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of super-diversity in Malaysia is inevitable, and one of the causes other than the influx of migrants is refugees. Managing refugees in Malaysia indicates the loopholes in a collection of literature and practices. This article is a research note addressing the contemporary findings on challenges in managing refugees. Also, it discusses the timeline of migration in this country, which occurred in three contexts of before, during and post-colonial periods. Although Malaysia is not a signatory to the Refugee Convention of 1951, it still hosts more than a hundred thousand refugees of various origins. Thus, the challenges demand the state to deliberately manage arising issues on security, logistical accommodation, legal aid, and health provision. Following these new challenges and current demands, the government must move forward with effective and efficient ways of learning the best practices from the developed nations to manage refugees with a paradigm shift of accepting super-diversity and refugees as a reality rather than as issues. Institutional change is necessary to review the "paper citizens" mindset into pragmatic management on new possible markets and talents for human capital and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of voting in the West peppered with women's struggles to achieve a voice in politics. Gender and elections in a democratic system vary according to context. Still, gender equality and equity for women have always required the government's intervention. The feasible way to empower women and to ensure gender sensitivity has been to enforce rules and regulations. Nevertheless, women's political participation in Malaysia is still low due to power distances between genders resulting from a patriarchal system. However, we have to look beyond just numbers to assess the impact of women on politics. This article argues that though the number of female political representatives is low, their visibility should also be gauged from their behind-the-scenes contribution as party members. This study was drawn from the election campaign in 2018 using non-participant observation and secondary data to challenge the prevailing Western approach to gender studies. The findings show that some of the factors mentioned above are not necessarily the reasons for the sluggish appearance of women's participation in politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]