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Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most common methods used for seizure detection as it records the electrical activity of the brain. Symmetry and asymmetry of EEG signals can be used as indicators of epileptic seizures. Normally, EEG signals are symmetrical in nature, with similar patterns on both sides of the brain. However, during a seizure, there may be a sudden increase in the electrical activity in one hemisphere of the brain, causing asymmetry in the EEG signal. In patients with epilepsy, interictal EEG may show asymmetric spikes or sharp waves, indicating the presence of epileptic activity. Therefore, the detection of symmetry/asymmetry in EEG signals can be used as a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. However, it should be noted that EEG findings should always be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests. In this paper, we propose an EEG-based improved automatic seizure detection system using a Deep neural network (DNN) and Binary dragonfly algorithm (BDFA). The DNN model learns the characteristics of the EEG signals through nine different statistical and Hjorth parameters extracted from various levels of decomposed signals obtained by using the Stationary Wavelet Transform. Next, the extracted features were reduced using the BDFA which helps to train DNN faster and improve its performance. The results show that the extracted features help to differentiate the normal, interictal, and ictal signals effectively with 100% accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score with a 13% selected feature subset when compared to the existing approaches.

In today’s globally integrated Emerging technologies, the current Internet protocols uses packet-level mechanisms having end to end links to detect and react to congestion. But the regulation of best-effort traffic and congestion control is largely left to the Queue Management. Drop-tail, Random Early Detection (RED) and Random Exponential Marking are quite effective in reducing packet losses under certain level of congestion and are insufficient to ensure overall network stability. At times of high congestion, not only does the end user experience very poor performance, but also a lot of network resource is wasted due to retransmissions and aborted connections. Hence, it is required to propose a new efficient AQM (Active Queue Management) scheme known as Exponential Random Early Detection (E-RED) to reduce the packet loss even at more congestion time. The proposed probability calculation approach for congestion control in an ERED framework is implemented with probability marking capabilities. We had implemented ERED algorithm and compared with the RED algorithm during packet loss in congestion control at various time intervals. The experimental result shows that our proposed approach E-RED outperforms RED. The experimental result also shows the packet loss for the nodes at various time intervals, Queue sizes and bandwidth.

Simple and selective reverse micelle mediated bulk liquid membrane extraction procedure is developed for the separation and simultaneous pre-concentration of precious metals from valuable wastes like spent auto mobile catalytic converters and gold jewelry washings. Quantification has been carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Tri octyl methyl ammonium chloride (TOAC), a cationic hydrophobic surfactant, forms reverse micelles after dissolution in trichloroethylene facilitating the extraction of platinum, gold and silver ions into the bulk liquid membrane. The procedure is based on the formation of extractable hydrophobic ion-associates between TOAC cationic reverse micelles and anionic metal ions. These hydrophobic ion-associates which are transported into the bulk organic membrane from an aqueous feed phase are subsequently stripped into a receiving solution in a unitary process. Optimum conditions for the overall transport efficiency of precious metals have been evaluated. The accuracy of the procedure was validated by analyzing GBWAu-18 ore from faulted zone and PTM-1a nickel-copper sulphide matte certified reference materials. The procedure has been applied to spent catalytic converters and jewellery washings. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition ofSeparation Science & Technologyto view the supplemental file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The carrier activity of 8-hydroxy quinoline (oxine) towards the facilitated transport of copper ions through chloroform bulk liquid membrane has been studied. The effects of pH of the source phase, the nature of stripping agents in the receiving phase, presence of other cations, nature of synergistic reagents on the transport were investigated. A solution of 0.1M nitric acid (HNO3) served as receiving phase for maximum transport of the metal ion. Addition of 2-amino pyridine to the membrane phase had a synergistic effect and caused a pronounced enhancement in the transport, while citric acid or glycine did not change the transport significantly. Maximum transport efficiency was observed for Cu2+ ion when it was present in the concentration of 10−4 M. Tolerance to the presence of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions was investigated and it was found that Cu2+ transport was not affected even in the presence of 10-fold concentration of these ions. This system was applied for the recovery of copper in electroplating industrial waste water samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study biopolymer-inorganic material of chitosan‑copper oxide-neem seed (CS-CuO-NS) biocomposite was successfully synthesized by simple precipitation method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, HR-SEM, TEM and TGA analyses. From HR-SEM and TEM analysis, CS-CuO-NS biocomposite shows flower and needle like structure respectively. The size of the as prepared CS-CuO-NS biocomposite is found to be 20-100 nm. All the synthesized materials were tested for antibacterial activity against both gram positive like Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and gram negative like Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella aerogenes (K. aerogenes) bacterial strains. The maximum zone of inhibition is obtained for CS-CuO-NS biocomposite against S. aureus (23 mm), S. pyogenes (21 mm), E. coli (22 mm) and K. aerogenes (20 mm). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The antioxidant activity was determined by free radicals scavenging such as 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity effect was investigated against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line and the highest cytotoxicity (IC 50 :16.33 μg/mL) is found to be in biocomposite. From the results of antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, it is concluded that CS-CuO-NS biocomposite may be suitable for biomedical applications., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

In present study, eco-friendly biosynthesis of Chitosan-Neem seed (CS-NS) composite was prepared by co-precipitation method using aqueous neem seed extract. Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents (Glutaraldehyde and Citric acid) then the synthesized composite coated on cotton fabric by chemical linkage between the composite and the cellulose structure. As synthesized composite materials and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups confirmation, X-ray diffraction for crystalline behavior determination, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis for optical property and High resolution scanning electron microscopy for Surface morphological properties. The antibacterial activity of CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric and CS-NS composite coated cotton fabric with crosslinking agents were tested against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated that CS-NS composite with crosslinked coated cotton fabric has higher antibacterial activity than without crosslinked cotton fabric. Thus the chitosan-neem seed composite may be applied to the medical textiles., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)