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The banks of the Gajahwong River in Yogyakarta City are part of the slum area based on a decree from the Mayor of Yogyakarta in 2016. Various Community-Based Environmental Empowerment Programs (PLPBK) have been implemented until 2022. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out a qualitative evaluation of the success of its implementation in overcoming slums in a sustainable manner, including involvement the parties in it. The condition of the Warungboto Slum Area is a mild slum with an average sectoral slum of 23.7% in certain RTs. The existence of the Kotaku program with the handling of increasing settlements in terms of road infrastructure, drainage, infiltration wells has had an impact on the non-slum parameter score but the handling of house buildings and riverbank inspection roads is still problematic. Thus the involvement and commitment of all parties, the government, local communities as well as NGOs and universities need to be strengthened so that slum reduction can be optimally realized.

This study develops a model of expropriation through real earnings management (REM) in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. The purpose of this study is to test a new model by examining the relationship between REM, bank ownership types, and performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia in the period of 2006 - 2013. This study finds that there are significant differences in REM and performance scores in banks with different ownership types. The REM and performance scores for family-owned banks and private-owned banks are relatively similar. However, Islamic banks with government as the controlling shareholder have the highest REM scores and the lowest performance scores. In contrast, foreign-owned banks have the lowest REM scores and the highest performance scores. The indications of expropriation can be seen from the magnitude of REM. A high REM can lower profitability and efficiency while increasing the risks faced by Islamic banks in Indonesia.

AbstractThe research empirically verified the effect of ultimate ownership on industrial banking performance in Indonesia. Risk rate, efficiency, and general performance serve as proxy for bank performance. Based on multiple-regression test and Kruskal-Wallis test, the performance rank in terms of risk rate, efficiency and general banking performance were as follows, (1) mixed foreign and domestic banks, (2) foreign banks, (3) local governmental banks, (4) Indonesian national governmental banks, (5) family banks, (6) concentrated private banks, and (7) block shareholding private insititutions. The percentage of the ultimate ownership did not affect the risk rate, efficiency and general banking performance; but significantly and positively affected profit growth. The bank size has negative effect on the risk indicator, ETA and CAR. The bank size negatively affected BOPO. The bank size positively affects on DEA meaning bigger bank is more efficient. Bank did not significantly differ in general performance – which was measured with ROA and profit growth – but significantly and positively affected ROE.Keywords: ultimate ownership, risk, efficiency, performanceAbstrakPenelitian ini secara empiris memverifikasi pengaruh kepemilikan ultimat pada kinerja industri perbankan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan uji regresi berganda dan Kruskal-Wallis, peringkat kinerja dalam hal tingkat resiko, efisiensi dan kinerja perbankan secara umum adalah sebagai berikut (1) bank asing dan domestik digabung, (2) bank asing, (3) bank pemerintah daerah, (4) bank pemerintah nasional, (5) bank keluarga, (6) bank swasta terkonsentrasi, dan (7) kepemilikan saham institusi swasta. Persentase kepemilikan akhir tidak mempengaruhi tingkat resiko, efisiensi dan kinerja perbankan secara umum, tetapi secara signifikan dan positif mempengaruhi pertumbuhan laba. Ukuran Bank memiliki efek negatif pada indikator risiko, ETA dan CAR. Ukuran Bank secara negatif mempengaruhi BOPO. Ukuran Bank secara positif mempengaruhi DEA. Bank tidak berbeda secara signifikan dalam kinerja umumnya yang diukur dengan ROA dan pertumbuhan laba, tetapi kinerja ini secara signifikan dan positif mempengaruhi ROE.Kata kunci: kepemilikan akhir, risiko, kinerja, industri perbankan, efisiensi