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Tuberculous epididymal mass is a condition that presents as a painless scrotal swelling. It resembles a testicular mass and is more often diagnosed after orchidectomy. About 22% of all genitourinary tuberculosis show epididymal involvement and 22% of epididymal tuberculosis are bilateral. This report reiterates the need for an increased awareness amongst the treating urologists that would enable an earlier diagnosis, appropriate treatment and may avert the need for orchidectomy in most cases. A 35-year-old diabetic male presented with rapidly enlarging right testicle associated with recent onset of pain over the testis. He also had fever and chills. At the age of 18, he was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The right testicle was enlarged, irregular and mildly tender. The right epididymis was also irregular and nodular, blended with the right testicle and indistinguishable from it. A clinical diagnosis of testicular tumour was made. Tumour markers were normal and he underwent high orchidectomy. Histopathological diagnosis confirmed right epididymal tuberculosis. This case report mainly highlights the need for a high index of suspicion amongst the treating physicians. A previous history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis should alert the physician to think in lines of tuberculous pathology in epididymis too. A prompt diagnosis and early, appropriate treatment would largely prevent removal of testicles in most cases.

Power management techniques can be effective at extracting more performance and energy efficiency out of mature systems on chip (SoCs). For instance, the peak performance of microprocessors is often limited by worst case technology (Vmax), infrastructure (thermal/electrical), and microprocessor usage assumptions. Performance/watt of microprocessors also typically suffers from guard bands associated with the test and binning processes as well as worst case aging/lifetime degradation. Similarly, on multicore processors, shared voltage rails tend to limit the peak performance achievable in low thread count workloads. In this paper, we describe five power management techniques that maximize the per-part performance under the before-mentioned constraints. Using these techniques, we demonstrate a net performance increase of up to 15% depending on the application and TDP of the SoC, implemented on “Bristol Ridge,” a 28-nm CMOS, dual-core x86 accelerated processing unit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

AMD's 6th generation “Carrizo” APU, targeted at 12–35 W mobile computing form factors, contains 3.1 billion transistors, occupies 250.04 mm^2 and is implemented in a 28 nm HKMG planar dual-oxide FET technology with 12 metal layers. The design achieves a 29% improvement in transistor density compared to the 5th generation “Kaveri” APU, also a 28 nm design, and implements several power management features resulting in area and power improvements similar to a technology shrink. Increased power density makes meeting the thermal limits required for reliability and power distribution to the APU's processors substantial design challenges. Pre-silicon thermal analysis is used to understand and take advantage of thermal gradients. Adaptive voltage-frequency scaling in the processor core as well as wordline and bitline assist techniques in the L2 cache enable lower minimum voltage requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes the 32 nm implementation of an AMD x86-64 core refid="ref1"/, refid="ref2"/ , refid="ref6"/. It occupies 9.69 \ mm^2, contains more than 35 million transistors (excluding L2 cache), and operates at frequencies in excess of 3 GHz. This AMD chip is fabricated in Global Foundries' 32 nm SOI and uses high-K metal gate technology. The process uses dual strain liners and eSiGe (embedded Silicon Germanium) to improve performance. Transistors are fabricated in various threshold voltages and lengths to facilitate performance/leakage tradeoffs. The core incorporates numerous design and power improvements to enable an operating range of 2.5 W to 25 W and a near zero-power gated state, which makes the core well-suited to a broad range of mobile and desktop products including multicore SOC designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the observed far-field behavior of sunlight on the earth's surface, located in the near-field region, is due to the small angular width it subtends at the center of the sun. The investigation of the angular behavior of the cross-spectral density function explicitly leads to Bessel-like far-zone behavior for a small angle without any restriction on the value of l. Our general analysis for the spherical source can be easily extended to other geometries.