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Unplanned purchasing involves buying goods or services influenced by the external environment, which creates low-quality purchasing. This research was conducted towards consumers of the Muslim clothing store in Jember East Java, Indonesia. Accidentally, sampling was used to draw 125 respondents to address the questionnaire. The result shows that hedonic shopping, fashion involvement, and store environment influence low purchasing quality in Muslim fashion stores. Most consumers were mature female consumers and government officials with bachelor’s degrees. Moreover, hedonic shopping, fashion involvement and store environment significantly influence low-quality purchase decisions. The research implied that consumers’ shopping behavior would underline the quality of buying decisions.

In order to fulfill the demand for high energy and capacity, an electrode with high-voltage capability, namely LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) that has an operating potential of up to 4.7 V vs Li/Li+, is currently becoming popular in Li-ion battery chemistries. This research produced LNMO by using a solid-state method with only one-step synthesis route to compare its electrochemical performance with different lithium sources, including hydroxide (LNMO-LiOH), acetate (LNMO-LiAce), and carbonate (LNMO-LiCar) precursors. TGA/DSC was first performed for all three sample precursors to ensure the optimal calcination temperature, while XRD and SEM characterized the physical properties. The electrochemical measurements, including cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge, were conducted in the half-cell configurations of LNMO//Li-metal using a standard 1 M LiPF6 electrolyte. LNMO-LiOH samples exhibited the highest purity and the smallest particle size, with values of 93.3% and 418 nm, respectively. In contrast, samples with higher impurities, such as LNMO-LiCar, mainly in the form of LixNi1-xO (LiNiO), displayed the largest particle size. The highest working voltage possessed by LNMO-LiOH samples was 4.735 V vs Li/Li+. The results showed that LNMO samples with LiNiO impurities would affect the reaction behavior that occurs at the cathode-electrolyte interface during the release of lithium-ions, resulting in high resistance at the battery operations and decreasing the specific capacity of the LNMO during discharging. The highest value, shown by LNMO-LiOH, was up to 92.75 mAh/g. On the other side, LNMO-LiCar only possessed a specific capacity of 44.57 mAh/g, indicating a significant impact of different lithium sources in the overall performances of LNMO cathode.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the usefulness of Community Based-Education (CBE) and Interprofessional Education (IPE) to community health outcomes. Methods: The design was a mixed-method study. Each small group worked together to identify family health problems, implement interventions, and evaluate the results. The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire was applied to compare students' perceptions before and after the implementation. In addition, qualitative data were acquired from students' comments on the questionnaire, interviews with community representatives, and FGDs with instructors at the end of the program. Results: Three hundred and sixty-seven out of 465 students returned the completed paired questionnaire (78.9 % response rate). Paired t-test showed that student perception of responsibility slightly increased, whereas teamwork and collaboration, negative and positive professional identity decreased somewhat. However, most pre-post students' responses already trended to the positive side (scales 4 and 5). Moreover, the Chi-square test showed that pre-post students' confidence levels significantly increased. Most small groups of students successfully empowered the community to solve health problems. Students, instructors, and representatives of community members appreciated the program. However, several students felt their instructors were not motivated to mentor their tasks, and sometimes they had difficulty conducting home visits together. Conclusion: This study showed that the combination of CBE-IPE contributes to more favourable community health outcomes. However, it was challenging in several aspects of preparation, including highly motivated instructors. Nevertheless, pre and post-implementation students' attitudes are still positive.

During COVID-19, consumers of skincare products pay more attention to safety and comfort. In such a crisis, consumers seek skincare products with brand effectiveness, high quality, and persuasive reviews by social media influencers. This study investigates the influence of brand effectiveness, product quality, and celebrity endorsers on purchase intention of halal skincare products in the pandemic. The study employed a survey of halal skincare users in East Java, Indonesia. A purposive sampling of 180 female respondents was analyzed; they were followers of Safi-Skincare Instagram and aged 18 and over. Descriptive statistics indicated that religious background strengthened the factors influencing the purchase intention towards a skincare product. The data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression with a statistical level of confidence of 95%. The result showed that brand effectiveness, product quality, and celebrity endorsers significantly affect purchase intention in Indonesia during the pandemic. The study concludes that Muslim standards reinforce rigid standards applied to skincare products with a halal logo, supporting good quality performance and encouraging stronger purchase intention. This study contributes to understanding consumer behavior in the pandemic using a purchase intention framework that can be applied to the safety and comfort of other consumer products. AcknowledgmentWe would like to thank Universitas Jember, East Java, Indonesia, for providing partial publication funding.

Irrational use of antibiotics can cause resistance to some diseases such as bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Previous research said that green betel leaf (Piper betle) contains antimicrobial compounds such as eugenol, cavalry, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids which also have antiseptic power as well as antibiotics. This study aims to prove the decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies after giving green betel leaf eye drops (Piper betle) to conjunctivitis Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was true experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. 25 male white Wistar rats as objects were selected by simple random sampling and grouped into 5 groups randomly. The rats were given Staphylococcus aureus, control group K+ was given 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops, and K- was given aquadest as a comparison. Treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 were given different concentrations of betel leaf eye drops. Swab pretest was done 3 days after the rats were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and swab post-test was done 5 days after the rats were given green betel leaf eye drops, the calculation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies used the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. There was a significant decrease (p

The marketing strategy phenomenon improves significantly, narrowing from a general to a specific cultural ethnicity base and from variable to dimension analysis. This study examines the impact of culture, brand image and price on buying decisions. The study population comprised retail consumers in the sampled area of Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to derive a sample of 112 respondents as a primary data source – descriptive statistics allows for the demographic characteristics of retail consumers in East Java, Indonesia. Surprisingly, the data showed that gender involvement in buyer decision-making was dominant. Most retail customers were identified as private-sector employees and indicated for higher income earners. Responses were then analyzed using multiple linear regressions to answer the research hypotheses. The results showed that Hofstede’s culture dimension and the brand image and price significantly affected consumer buying decisions at retail stores in East Java, Indonesia. Regarding the strength of Islamic culture in East Java, price was the primary consideration in buying decisions. Further research, preferably using ethnographic approaches with an emphasis on qualitative research, is needed to investigate the implications of these relationships. AcknowledgmentWe would like to thank the Research Centre (LP2M) of University of Jember, East Java, Indonesia, for their support and funding. We also want to thank Rusdiyanto, a Ph.D. student from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, for his helpful discussions and contributions.

Pada saat era globalisasi teknologi saat ini, kebutuhan informasi dalam dunia pendidikan menjadi sangat penting dalam menentukan kemajuan suatu lembaga. Dengan pemanfaatan dan penerapan teknologi informasi, kumpulan data yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain dapat diorganisasikan menjadi sebuah file basis data, dimana data-data diorganisasikan kemudian disimpan kedalam komputer untuk memudahkan pemakai dalam mengakses data. Namun pemanfaatan teknologi informasi belum dimanfaatkan seefektif mungkin pada SMA Negeri 13 Semarang. SMA Negeri 13 Semarang masih menggunakan sistem manual untuk mendukung kegiatan proses belajar mengajar. Baik dalam penilaian, absensi, maupun kegiatan administrasi, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama, dan hasilnya pun belum tentu akurat. Oleh karena itu, permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membangun suatu aplikasi sistem infomasi akademik sekolah berbasis website untuk mendukung kegiatan oprasional pada sekolah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan sistem ini adalah Rapid Application Development (RAD). Sedangkan untuk perancangan sistem alat yang dipakai adalah Unified Modeling Language (UML) yang terdiri dari usecase diagram, sequence diagram, class diagram, dan activity diagram. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah suatu aplikasi sistem akademik sekolah berbasis webite, sebuah web yang dibuat untuk mempermudah aktifitas akademik di SMA Negeri 13 Semarang.

Bahasa Indonesia diikrarkan oleh para pemuda Indonesia melalui teks Sumpah Pemuda pada tanggal 28 Oktober 1928. Peristiwa Sumpah Pemuda itu menjadi dasar atas penyelenggaraan Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I di Solo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji peristiwa Sumpah Pemuda dan Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I dalam kajian linguistik historis (historical linguistics). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan peneliti sebagai instrumen utama penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah peristiwa Sumpah Pemuda dan Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I beserta perubahan-perubahan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dalam sistem bunyi, gramatika, dan kosakata bahasa Indonesia. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik kajian isi (content analysis) secara objektif dan sistematis. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) penerapan Ejaan van Ophuijsen dalam penulisan teks Sumpah Pemuda dan putusan Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I, (2) penyerapan kosakata Sanskerta dalam teks Sumpah Pemuda, dan (3) politik bahasa nasional dari teks Sumpah Pemuda dan putusan Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I.

Background: Community health problems should be solved comprehensively dan collaboratively by involving several health professionals. Combination of Community-based education (CBE) with Interprofessional education (IPE) might contribute in the management of community health problems and give experiences of health team collaboration for health professions students. Method: This was a preeliminary study to develop and to validate Model CBE-IPE. Research was done in the Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Semarang involving 3 study programs i.e. Medicine, Nursing, and Nutrition. Research method was qualitative study by using document analyses to develop draft model followed by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to validate the model. Results: Based on comparability of the curriculum and acquired competencies, the model can only be sufficient if implemented for students in 6th semester. The model has been agreed to be implemented with several input and suggestions. Small group of students should work together to assess health problems in 1-2 family, to implement intervention, to monitor and evaluate their intervention, and to report their work. Assessment including activity, peer assessment, family evaluation, ability of presentation and discussion, and report writing. Perceptions of students, instructurs, and community member will be asked after implementation to evaluate the program. Conclusion: Model of CBE-IPE suggested to be implemented for students who have sufficient competencies to be applicated in the community. Review and further validation of this model is still needed after implementation.

The solid electrolyte is of great interest owing to its potential to be applied in a wide variety of electrochemical devices. One of the most stable solid electrolytes is lithium phosphate (Li3PO4). However, this compound has low enough conductivity to be applied to a device such as an electrolyte. A previous study has reported that the mixture of xLi2O-P2O5, where x=2, has a greater conductivity than Li3PO4, while, when x=1, this yields an amorphous structure. In this study, new compositions of the xLi2O-P2O5 compounds, where 1?x?2, were prepared through solid-state reactions. The prepared compounds were characterized using X-ray Diffraction Spectrometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in order to investigate their structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties. The XRD characterization showed that both of the samples were composed mainly of Li4P2O7 crystals. Agglomeration of particles was observed in the samples. The conductivity of the compounds was of the order of 10?6 S/cm, which was higher by three orders of magnitude than that of Li3PO4. The evaluated power exponent of conductivity indicated that the long-range drift of ions may be one of the sources of ion conduction in both of the observed samples. The nature of the dielectric loss indicated that the conduction in the samples was more predominantly DC conduction.

Salah satu fenomena sosial di kalangan remaja saat ini ialah terbentuknya geng-geng sekolah. Di Yogyakarta, nama-nama geng sekolah, baik di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) maupun Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) sederajat, dinilai cukup unik dan menarik. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji nama-nama geng sekolah di Yogyakarta dalam kajian linguistik antropologi (anthropological linguistics). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan peneliti sebagai instrumen utama penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah nama-nama geng sekolah di Yogyakarta yang disimak dan dicatat oleh peneliti. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik kajian isi (content analysis) secara objektif dan sistematis. Adapun hasil penelitian ini ialah adanya fenomena kebahasaan yang meliputi (1) penggunaan akronim, (2) resistansi bahasa, (3) pemakaian bahasa Jawa, (4) pemakaian bahasa Inggris, dan (5) pemakaian istilah militer di balik nama- nama geng sekolah di Yogyakarta. Kata Kunci: nama geng sekolah, linguistik antropologi, fenomena kebahasaan

Abstrak Saham merupakan instrumen pasar keuangan yang paling polular. Menerbitkan sebuah saham adalah salah satu pilihan banyak perusahaan ketika memutuskan menambahkan modal dari perusahaan. Di sisi lainnya, saham adalah sebuah variabel investasi yang paling sering dipilih oleh investor dikarenakan saham dapat memberikan keuntungan yang tidak sedikit. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah belum digunakannya teknik Forecasting. Pada penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan dua metode forecasting yaitu simple moving averages dan weighted moving averages. Setelah dibandingkannya dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode simple moving averages adalah metode yang paling cocok untuk digunakan dalam memprediksi harga saham, khususnya harga saham Bank BRI. Metode simple moving averages dipilih dikarenakan setelah dilakukan pengujian memiliki nilai error yang lebih sedikit dari pada weighted moving averages. Kata kunci :Forecasting, Simple Moving Averages, Weighted Moving Averages, Saham Abstract Shares are the most polarized instrument of financial markets. Issuing a stock is one of many companies' choices when deciding to add capital from the company. On the other hand, stock is an investment variable most often chosen by investors because stocks can provide benefits that are not small. The problem in this research is not yet used forecasting technique. In this study try to compare two forecasting method that is simple moving averages and weighted moving averages. After comparison it can be concluded that the method of simple moving averages is the most suitable method to be used in predicting stock prices, especially the share price of Bank BRI. A simple moving averages method is chosen because after testing it has fewer error values than weighted moving averages. Keywords :Forecasting, Simple Moving Averages, Weighted Moving Averages, Stock

Untuk meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas ionik elektrolit polimer, telah dilakukan modifikasi terhadap sistem komposit kitosan-ZrO2/LiClO4 dengan menambahkan gliserol sebagai plasticizer. Pembuatan lembaran elektrolit polimer dilakukan dengan metode casting, setelah seluruh komponen dicampur secara bertahap dan diaduk dengan pengaduk magnet. Penambahan plasticizer dilakukan dengan berbagai komposisi yaitu antara 0% (g/g) sampai dengan 80% (b/b). Elektrolit polimer kemudian dikarakterisasi meliputi struktur mikro dengan difraksi sinar-X (XRD), sifat mekanik dengan uji tarik menggunakan UTM, spektrometer impedansi (LCR-meter) dan pengukuran jumlah transferensi ion. Hasil karakterisasi dengan XRD dan uji sifat mekanik menunjukkan bahwa elektrolit polimer menjadi semakin amorf dan elastis dengan penambahan plasticizer. Penambahan plasticizer yang optimal adalah sebanyak 60% (b/b) dimana pada komposisi tersebut masing-masing diperoleh bilangan transferensi ion tertinggi 0,85 dengan nilai konduktivitas ionik 3,52 x 10-4 S/cm.

Perkembangan bahasa Indonesia di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) dari tahun ke tahun semakin signifikan. Pada tahun 1970-an, tercatat baru tiga universitas yang memiliki Jurusan Bahasa Indonesia. Tiga puluh tahun kemudian, tercatat enam universitas yang membuka Jurusan Bahasa Indonesia, sehingga total kini terdapat sembilan universitas di Tiongkok yang menaungi Jurusan Bahasa Indonesia seperti dikemukakan oleh Xiaoqiang (2014). Kesembilan universitas itu tersebar di berbagai wilayah kota dan provinsi, seperti Kota Beijing, Kota Tianjin, Kota Shanghai, Provinsi Guangdong, Provinsi Guangxi, dan Provinsi Yunnan. Perkembangan yang signifikan itu tentunya tidak terlepas dari dampak besar para sarjana Tiongkok dalam pengembangan pengajaran bahasa Indonesia. Mereka, antara lain, melakukan usaha penerbitan berupa (1) penerjemahan, (2) perkamusan, dan (3) penulisan buku, dan menghadiri seminar internasional, baik di dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri. Kata kunci: bahasa Indonesia, Tiongkok, dampak kesarjanaan

The authentic of Pancasila’s formulation has been agreed as was grafted in the preamble of 1945 constitution. However, the problem of interpretation to Pancasila’s content (sila-sila), whether it is an authentic or not is still emerging many questions. In the regime of New Order there was an effort of Pancasila’s meaning standardization through political decision even though there were many reactions to refuse it. The familial relationship is static aspect and mutual-cooperation is dynamic aspect are always serve as a core or keyword for understanding of Indonesian state system. Pancasila as the foundation of Indonesian state is a part of the system of state. Therefore, the content of Pancasila (sila-sila) should be understood from the angel of familial relationship as its core and keyword. The founding fathers intended to form the state that is based on the Indonesian culture. The life of society based on the Indonesian culture is a familial relationship life. The state that is based on the familial relationship is an integral-state which is powerful than the personal-minded or group’s interest in the way of the integral-state acknowledges the extraordinary of such group.

Sari. Energi yang dibutuhkan pada proses kominusi dapat mencapai 50-70% dari keseluruhan energi yang digunakan pada pengolahan mineral. Karena itu, diperlukan usaha untuk menurunkan pemakaian energi kominusi dengan mengubah sifat fisik bijih agar murah hancur. Pemanasan gelombang mikro pada bijih sebelum kominusi merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat diterapkan. Pada penelitian ini telah diamati besarnya energi penggerusan bijih emas dari Cimanggu, Jawa Barat sebelum dan sesudah diperlakukan dengan pemanasan gelombang mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahsa pemanasan gelombang mikro dapat mengubah struktur fisik mineral. Perubahan struktur fisik mineral pembentuk batuan menyebabkan batuan tersebut menjadi lebih getas, dan adanya "interal stress" mengakibatkan kecepatan pemanasan yang tinggi menyebabkan timbulnya retakan sehingga dapat memperpendek waktu gerus dan menurunkan energi penggerusan. Dengan pemanasan gelombang mikro selama 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 dan 300 detik sebelum pengggerusan, indeks kinerja penggerusan dapat turun sekitar 20 sampai 35%. The Influence of Microwave Heating on the Crystal Structure and Work Index of Cimanggu (West Java) Gold Ore Abstract. The energy consumed in the comminution can reach up to 50- 70% of the whole energy consumed in the mineral processing. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of the comminution energy changing the physical characteristic of the ore. The microwave energy heating used on the ore before comminution is one of the applicable alternatives. In this research the grinding energy of the Cimanggu gold ore, West Java, has been observed before and after the microwave heating treatment. The result indicates that the microwave treatment can cause physical structural changes on certain minerals, and the rock become more brittle. It can shorten and reduce the grinding time and energy. By microwave energy induced for 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 300 seconds prior to grinding, the work index was reduced by about 20 to 35%.

Abstract Javanese take care of harmony and honour of their homeland as important as they take care of their family. Familiarity does not only occur in their family, but also in the wide society. Their society is considered as a big family and viewed as a harmony which requires to be taken care of. The harmonious life does not merely take care of an orderly social relationship, but it also respects and relates to supernatural realm. According to Javanese, the human life on the earth is directly interconnected with the supernatural realm. The modern state of Indonesia applies a social system of familiarity which is based on harmonious values and mutual assistance (mutuality) and reciprocity. The values exist on the social system of Java. However, there is an elementary philosophical difference. The philosophy of modern Indonesia state views that the familiarity, which includes harmonious values, mutual assistance and reciprocity, only occurs between state and citizen, not the supernatural realm. Keyword: familiarity, respect, harmony, mutuality, reciprocity.

A lot of scientific experiments motivated by utilitarian attitudes. Experiments are expected to give satisfactory results or benefits. If an experiment has been carried out with the correct procedure, then the failure of an experiment is morally acceptable, because the nature of the experiments it is always a risk. The launch of the Challenger can be incorporated into the experimental category. Through the review process, engineering procedures and the launch of Challenger's failure status can be determined in terms of Kantian and Utilitarian ethics. The study is a research library, with a hermeneutic approach. The methodical elements used in this study are description, analysis, synthesis, and reflection. The results of this study indicate that the engineering procedures and Challenger launch decision to ignore the real risks are taken into account technically. Therefore, the failure of the Challenger mission in terms of Kantian and Utilitarian ethics can not be accepted.

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This study aims to determine the effect of product image and product attributes on customer satisfaction and loyalty of CIMB Niaga Xtra savings at CIMB Niaga Situbondo. The population in this study is the owner of the savings account of CIMB Niaga Xtra until March 2017 with the number of customers reached 152 accounts. Sampling technique used is a non-probability sampling technique that is by accidental sampling. Data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The results showed that product image, product attribute significantly influence customer satisfaction of Bank CIMB Niaga Situbondo. The product image has no significant effect on customer loyalty of Bank CIMB Niaga Situbondo. Product attribute significantly influences customer loyalty of Bank CIMB Niaga Situbondo. Customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty of Bank CIMB Niaga Situbondo.

Telah dilakukan pembuatan bahan polimer elektrolit padat berbasis nanokomposit kitosan montmorillonite yang diaplikasikan dalam sistem baterai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan komposisi optimal antara kitosan, montmorillonite dan LiClO4 sehingga diperoleh membran dengan karakteristik yang paling baik. Teknik pembuatan membran dilakukan menggunakan metode casting. Terdapat dua seri sampel yang akan di uji, yaitu membran dengan variasi komposisi montmorillonite dan variasi komposisi LiClO4. Komposisi kitosan dan montmorillonite yang digunakan pada sampel seri kedua diperoleh dari komposisi optimal membran kitosan-montmorillonite pada sampel seri pertama. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi uji tarik, pengukuran konduktivitas ionik dan identifikasi menggunakan difraksi sinar X. Penambahan montmorillonite meningkatkan kuat tarik membran dan konduktivitas ionik setelah ditambah LiClO4. Pada kondisi optimal diperoleh konduktivitas ionik 2,383 x 10-5 S/cm dan kuat tarik 15,19 Mpa pada komposisi montmorillonit 5% b/b dan LiClO4 40%. Hasil analisis difraksi sinar X menunjukkan terjadi proses interkalasi polimer kitosan ke dalam montmorillonite.

SMK St. Fransiskus Semarang merupakan salah satu sekolah menengah kejuruan swasta yang menyediakan beberapa jurusan keahlian khusus bagi para calon siswanya. Seiring meningkatnya mutu dan kualitas pembelajaran, maka sekolah menetapkan adanya biaya SPP demi terciptanya kelancaran proses pembelajaran. Sekolah mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan masing-masing biaya pada siswanya. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan dengan menggunakan metode SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Metode ini dipilih karena mampu menyeleksi alternatif terbaik dari sejumlah alternatif berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan dengan melakukan perangkingan untuk mengetahui nilai tertinggi sampai terendah. Maka dari itu nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai pengambilan keputusan yang adil dalam penentuan biaya SPP siswa. Dalam pengembangan sistemnya menggunakan metode waterfall, karena tahapan tiap langkahnya lebih terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem yang dirancang dapat membantu kerja tim sekolah dalam melakukan penentuan biaya SPP, dapat mempercepat proses penentuan biaya SPP, dan dapat mengurangi kesalahan dalam menentukan biaya SPP. Kata kunci : Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Simple Additive Weighting, Sumbangan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan.

Even though the probelms of subjectivity and objectivity in art are not parallel with probelms of form and matter, but there are relationbetween them. The mimesis theory, assuming that art imaitate the nature indicates that the existence of art basiclly convergent with concrete events, while subjective view of art emphasize more on creativity of atmosphere of mind actor.

Serat Kacawirangi is a symbolic tale, its content of the grace and perfection of human life. This doctrine has the Javanese religio-magic concept and Islamic background. It has a monistic-spiritualistic metaphysical view. The ultimate reality did not find in the temporal and variable experiences. The experience is an image if the ultimate reality, so it is the pseudo reality. The ultimate reality likes a mirror. It is dominated by the light, without color and properties; but it capable of being of all property and color. Human perfection be able to find if life more spiritualistic, likes the mirror that is dominated by the light (reason), without color (escaped from the passion); so they are able to receive the pluralistic of human experiences that colored by good and bad characterstic.

The concep of matter as a material thing atom or steady particle in time and space was replaced by relative theory with concept of matter as events system. The theory of modern physics has exchanged the meaning of "matter" bercome "organism" with rresult that, according to Iqbal's opinion, matter is derived from movement. The space could be distinguished between visible, mathematics, objective, absolute, and relative space. Time was also distinguished. Finally, Iqbal put those concepts in contact with the concept of self

Bahasa Indonesia telah dipelajari di 45 negara, termasuk Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Di Tiongkok selatan dan barat daya, terdapat tiga universitas yang membuka Jurusan Bahasa Indonesia, yaitu Universitas Bahasa-bahasa Asing Guangdong, Universitas Kebangsaan Guangxi, dan Universitas Kebangsaan Yunnan. Ketiganya terletak di provinsi yang berbeda-beda, namun termasuk ke dalam wilayah Tiongkok selatan dan barat daya. Para pengajar di tiga universitas tersebut umumnya telah berkualifikasi magister, dan ada pula yang telah berkualifikasi doktor. Program pengajaran di tiga universitas itu umumnya menggunakan sistem “3+1”, tiga tahun belajar di Tiongkok dan setahun belajar di Indonesia. Para mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Indonesia di tiga universitas itu umumnya aktif mengikuti perkuliahan dan kegiatan kebudayaan Indonesia.

Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa atau Badan Bahasa melalui lamannya, www.badan.bahasa.kemdikbud.go.id menginformasikan tentang peta penyelenggara program Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA), baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Salah satu negara penyelenggara program BIPA ialah Tiongkok. Badan Bahasa hanya mencantumkan dua lembaga penyelenggara program BIPA di Tiongkok, yaitu Fakultas Bahasa Timur Universitas Peking (Kota Beijing) dan Universitas Bahasa-bahasa Asing Guangdong (Provinsi Guangdong), padahal menurut sejumlah pakar atau referensi, termasuk liputan khusus di Majalah Tempo, terdapat sembilan lembaga penyelenggara program BIPA yang tersebar di sejumlah kota/provinsi, seperti Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangxi, dan Yunnan. Kata Kunci: BIPA, Badan Bahasa, program BIPA di Tiongkok

ABSTRACT Birdwatching race was conducted on 17-19 October 2008 at Srangan Island, Lagoon BTDC Nusa Dua and Mangrove Information Centre (MIC) Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali. This activity was aimed to increase the awareness of youngsters to environment, especially bird in their habitat. This activity was also aimed to promote one kind of ecotourism namely birdwatching in Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali. One hundred students and youngsters from Java, Lombok and Bali Island participated in this activity. The activity included discourse and birdwatching race, environmental education, and discussion on environmental issues related to development ecotourism of Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali.

Introduction: Lead poisoning contributes to a significant burden of disease as a toxic substance found in air, soil, and water. In Indonesia, the risk of exposure is high due to the inappropriate recycling of used lead batteries. The objective was to investigate the factors that influence lead levels in children's blood., Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed blood lead levels (BLLs) in children aged 12-59 months in four communities exposed to used lead-acid batteries (ULABs) recycling activities, comparing them to a control area. The study employed a threshold level of 20 μg/dL to identify high BLLs and utilized a sample size of 324 children from exposed sites and 240 from control sites. Questionnaires, blood lead tests and a home-based assessment for environmental exposures were applied., Results: The study participants comprised 295 boys and 269 girls, with an average age of 35 months. Significant disparities in soil lead concentrations median: Q1-Q3 were found between exposed (6581.7 : 2432.6-16647.1) ppm and control areas (253.5 : 158.8-417.1) ppm. Children in exposed areas had 3.9 times higher odds of BLL ≥20 μg/dL. Fathers with BLL ≥20 μg/dL had children with similarly elevated BLLs. Multivariate analysis identified socioeconomic status, study areas, environmental factors (cookware, food ware, spices, house cleaning), and children's behavior (breastfeeding duration) as determinants of elevated BLLs. Reported environmental factors had notable impact on BLLs, with aluminum cookware (aOR = 1.4, 95%CI [1.2-1.6]), food ware materials (aOR = 1.15, 95%CI [1.0-1.3]), type of spices (aOR = 2.7, 95%CI [1.7-48.0]), and house cleaning method (aOR = 2.9, 95%CI [1.2-7.1])., Conclusion: This study highlighted key risk factors affecting children's blood lead levels (BLL) and emphasized the urgency of employing effective strategies to remediate lead-contaminated soils in exposed regions. The findings underscore the need for prompt medical intervention and monitoring for children in these areas, with additional research essential to fully understand lead poisoning pathways in the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)