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To support design process for launching the product on time, reverse engineering (RE) process has been introduced for quickly generating 3D CAD model from its physical object. The accuracy of the 3D CAD model depends upon the data acquisition technique selected, contact or non-contact methods. In order to reduce times used for acquiring surface and eliminating noises, the automated selective acquisition system has been developed and presented in this research as the alternative channel for non-contact acquisition technique where the data is selectively and locally scanned contour by contour without performing data reduction process. The results present as the organized contour points which are directly used to generate 3D virtual model. The comparison between the proposed technique and another non-contact scanning technique has been presented and discussed.

In order to reduce the transportation time and cost for direct interface between customer and manufacturer, the image processing technique has been introduced in this research where designing part and defining manufacturing process can be performed quickly. A3D virtual model is directly generated from a series of multi-view images of an object, and it can be modified, analyzed, and improved the structure, or function for the further implementations, such as computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). To estimate and quote the production cost, the user-friendly platform has been developed in this research where the appropriate manufacturing parameters and process detections have been identified and planned by CAM simulation., {"references":["M. Pollefeys, R. Koch, M. Vergauwen and L. V. Gool, \"Automated reconstruction of 3D scenes from sequences of images\", ISPRS Journal of Photogrammatry & Remote Sensing, Vol. 55, 2000, pp. 251-267.","G. Zeng, M. Lhuillier and L. Quan, \"Recent Methods for Reconstructing Surfaces from Multiple Image\", IWMM-GIAE, LNCS3519, 2005, pp. 429-447.","S. Rianmora, P. Koomsap and V. H. Dang Phi, \"Selective data acquisition for direct integration of reverse engineering and rapid prototyping\", Virtual and Physical Prototyping, Vol. 4, 2009, pp. 227-239.","S. Rianmora and P. Koomsap, \"Recommended Slicing Positions for Adaptive Direct Slicing by Image Processing Technique\", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 1021-1033.","S. Rianmora and P. Koomsap, \"Structured light system-based selective data acquisition\", Journal of Robotics and Computer-integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 27, 2011, pp. 870-880.","M. Heijltje and A. V. Witteloostuijn, \"Configurations of market environments, competitive strategies, manufacturing technologies and human resource management policies\", Journal of Management and Technology Vol. 19, 2003, pp. 31–62.","Q. Zhang, Mark, A. Vonderembse and M. Cao, \"Product concept and prototype flexibility in manufacturing: Implications for customer satisfaction\", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.194, 2009, pp.143–154.","Q. Zhang, Mark A. Vonderembse and J. Limc, \"Manufacturing flexibility: defining and analyzing relationships among competence, capability, and customer satisfaction\", Journal of Operations Management Vol. 21, 2003, pp. 173–191.","S. D. El Wakil, \"Processes and Design for Manufacturing\", 2nd edition, PWS Publishing Company, 1998. \n[10]\tH. S. Alhichri and M. Kamel, \"Virtual circles: a new set of features for fast image registration\", Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 24, 2003, pp. 1181-1190.\n[11]\tP. Markeil, D. Tomaevic, B. Likar and F. Pernus, \"A review of 3D/2D registration methods for image-guided intervention\", Medical Image Analysis, Vol. 16, 2012, pp. 642-661.\n[12]\tA. H. Ahmadabadian, S. Robson, J. Boehm, M. Shortis, K. Wenzel and D. Fritsch, \"A comparison of dense matching algorithms for scaled surface reconstruction\", Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2013, Vol. 78, pp. 157-167.\n[13]\tA. Koutsoudis, B. Vidmar and F. Arnaou, \"Performance evaluation of a multi-image 3D reconstruction software on a low-feature artefact\", Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 40, pp. 4450-4456.\n[14]\tK. Hanke and M. A. Ebrahim, \"The Digital Projector Raytracing as a tool for digital close-range photogrammetry\", Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Vol. 54, 1999, pp.35-40.\n[15]\tB. Zitova and J. Flusser, \"Image registration method: a survay\", Image and vision Computing, Vol.21, 2003, pp. 977-1000.\n[16]\tEmmanuel P. Baltsavias, \"A comparison between photogrammetry and laser scanning\", ISPR Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Vol. 54, 1999, pp. 83-94.\n[17]\tW. Cao and Y. Miyamoto, \"Direct slicing from AutoCAD solid models for rapid prototyping\", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing, Vol. 21, 2003, pp.739-742."]}

G-code is the main factor in computer numerical control (CNC) machine for controlling the toolpaths and generating the profile of the object’s features. For obtaining high surface accuracy of the surface finish, non-stop operation is required for CNC machine. Recently, to design a new product, the strategy that concerns about a change that has low impact on business and does not consume lot of resources has been introduced. Cost and time for designing minor changes can be reduced since the traditional geometric details of the existing models are applied. In order to support this strategy as the alternative channel for machining operation, this research proposes the automatic generating codes for CNC milling operation. Using this technique can assist the manufacturer to easily change the size and the geometric shape of the product during the operation where the time spent for setting up or processing the machine are reduced. The algorithm implemented on MATLAB platform is developed by analyzing and evaluating the geometric information of the part. Codes are created rapidly to control the operations of the machine. Comparing to the codes obtained from CAM, this developed algorithm can shortly generate and simulate the cutting profile of the part.

Feet and ankles are parts of human body that receive high-pressure in every day. Feet disorders such as ankle sprain, achilles tendonitis, heel pain, and plantar fasciitis are very common. There are many causes for these feet disorders such as wearing high heels, obesity, sports activity, and standing for a long time. There are many reliefs for feet disorders such as heel insert. However, they come in various shapes and use different materials. There are no specifications in which type is suitable for specific user. This has led to the proposed research to provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate heel insert for ladies who face with long-standing carriers. This research uses contact-measuring techniques to test forces, contact area, and pressure acting on a person’s feet in various standing positions with different insert materials and shapes. The proper material for making insert will be presented and discussed., {"references":["University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), \"Foot pain – Introduction\", online http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/ what_foot_pain_000061_1.htm, 2011.","K. Brücknera, S. Odenwalda, S. Schwanitza, J. Heidenfelderb, and T. Milanib, \"Polyurethane-foam midsoles in running shoes - impact energy and damping\". The journal of procedia engineering, vol. 2, issue 2, 2010, pp. 2789-2793.","American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS), \"Ankle Sprain\", online http://www.foothealthfacts.org/footankleinfo/ankle-sprain.htm, 2009.","B. D. Den Hartog \"Insertional achilles tendinosis: pathogenesis and treatment\", Foot and ankle clinics, vol. 14, issue 4, 2009, pp. 639-650.","C. T. Hu, and A.S. Flemister, \"Insertional achilles tendinopathy: surgical options\", Operative techniques in Orthopaedics, vol. 18, issue 4, 2008, pp. 247-253.","A. McMillan, and C. Payne, \"Immediate effect of foot orthoses on plantar force timing during running: A repeated measures study\", The foot, vol. 21, issue 1, 2011, pp. 26-30.","F. Benazzo, A. Todesca, and L. Ceciliani, \"Achilles' tendon tendinitis and heel pain\", Operative techniques in sports medicine, vol. 5, issue 3, 1997, pp. 179-188.","D. R. Bonanno, K.B. Landorf, and H.B. Menz, \"Pressure-relieving properties of various shoe inserts in older people with plantar heel pain\", Gait and posture, vol. 33, issue 3, 2011, pp. 385-389.","G. Lichtwark, and A. Wilson, \"In vivo mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon during one-legged hopping\", The Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 208, 2005, pp. 4715-4725.\n[10]\tA.K. Ramanathan, M.C. John, G.P. Arnold, L. Cochrane, and R.J. Abboud, \"The effects of off-the-shelf in-shoe heel inserts on forefoot plantar pressure\", Gait and posture, vol. 28, issue 4, 2008, pp. 533-537.\n[11]\tL. Yung-Hui and W. Hsien, \"The effects of off-the-shelf in-shoe heel inserts on forefoot plantar pressure\", Applied Ergonomics, vol. 36, issue 3, 2005, pp. 355-362.\n[12]\tDrug information online, \"Heel Pain\", online http://www.drugs.com/ health-guide/heel-pain.html.\n[13]\t\"The effects of off-the-shelf in-shoe heel inserts on forefoot plantar pressure\".\n[14]\tW.P. Chen, C.W. Ju and F.T. Tang, \"Effect of total contact insoles on the plantar stress redistribution: a finite element analysis\", Clinical Biomechanics, Elsevier, vol. 18, 2003, pp. S17-S24.\n[15]\tJen, \"Honey Kennedy\", online http://www.honeykennedy.com/2013/03/.\n[16]\tN. J. Mills, C. Fitzgerald, A. Gilchrist, and R. Verdejo, \"Polymer foams for personal protection: cushions, shoes and helmets\", Composites Science and Technology, vol. 63, 2003, pp. 2389–2400.\n[17]\tD. G. Dikobe and A. S. Luyt, \"Morphology and properties of polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/wood powder blend composites\", Express Polymer Letters, Vol.3, No.3, 2009, 190–199.\n[18]\tR Verdejo, and N. J. Mills, \"Heel–shoe interactions and the durability of EVA foam running-shoe midsoles\". The journal of biomechanics, vol. 37, Issue 9, 2004, pp. 1379-1386."]}